Umququ - i imbali kunye neqhayiya nesinqanawa Chinese

Asinguye wonke umntu usiva igama elithi "ukungcola". Kodwa ke abo bevayo yona kwixesha lokuqala, mhlawumbi ezibuza ukuba lithetha ntoni. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba junk - inqanawa emveli ase-China, nto leyo iba inani umahluko omkhulu ukusuka abameli ishishini imikhumbi yaseYurophu. Kwaye ke umahluko obonakalayo xa uqala, nokuqhubela phambili yale nqanawa ingaqhelekanga.

ukubonakala esisisekelo

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi junk kwezinye iinqanawa kukuba ifidi yale nqanawa kumba kakhulu kwaye ephakamileyo kakhulu. Ngelo xesha linye i impumlo kokuba imilo kakhulu ebuxande, lisezantsi kakhulu. Enoba khona, inqanawe Chinese emveli waba ngezantsi tyaba. Konke oku kudale junks imbonakalo engaqhelekanga kakhulu ngempumelelo zincedise iiseyile yoqobo kunye Imizobo yemveli emacaleni nangesemva. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho zazibonisa iintaba kunye amafu, kwakunye neempungutye kunye nezinye izidalwa ngentsomi.

Ngenxa inani elikhulu enjalo awayebalasele junk - nto mhlawumbi inqanawa ezaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini kwaye ngaxeshanye ekhethekileyo, njengoko neenqanawa zemveli yaseYurophu esetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi, kuye encinane kakhulu ngazo. Noko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi kule nqanawa - ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, ngaphezu kwama-300.

indaba

Eli gama embhoxo zemveli igama American sisuka Đông elithi Malay, nto leyo norhwaphilizo ilizwi yuzhnominskogo lwesigodi, elithetha "inqanawa". Ngamanye amazwi, junk - mkhumbi kune, enyanisweni, oko.

Ilivo ubudala uthi inqanawa lokuqala olu hlobo imisiwe ezulwini mlawuli Chinese Fu Hsi. Wayephila kude BC ngenkulungwane-29 yaye wayesaziwa into yokuba abemi beli lizwe wanika ulwazi oluyimfihlo, igalelo kuphuhliso yempucuko. Akumangalisi ke, abantu ayeze junk Chinese we-East Far and South-East Asia, njengabathile uhlobo izidalwa eziphilayo, Ngokuba ngento, abalinganiswa kunye nomtsalane. Noko ke, abanye ababhali-mbali badla bakholelwa ukuba junks yokuqala ukuvela malunga 1000 iminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu.

Nangona isibakala sokuba China ngaphantsi kunamanye amazwe amaninzi aye nomdla ekufundeni emajukujukwini yolwandle, isitya yokuqala yaselwandle wabonakala apha. Kwaye ke junk. uyazinza avunyelwe ukuba ngamaqhinga amanzi ezivulekileyo zabo bonke ubukhulu, kodwa isantya ngaxeshanye ezincinci ezihleli ngokufanelekileyo.

iseyile ezingaqhelekanga

Ngokuba umntu lo ngumsebenzi omninzi oluphawulekayo junks yayo ityala ongaqhelekanga, kwaye umntu wokuqala yabhekisela iiseyile. Imasti kwi zikhephe, ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu. Bona ibekwe izibonda uqalo tyaba, ezo abanikezwa iiseyile ezingaqhelekanga. Umbono jikelele kubo ufana fan - zombini nangaphandle kunye yayo nkqubo.

Ekuqaleni, iiseyile zazenziwe amakhuko ngengcongolo, wabenza baba nzima kakhulu, ngoko ke junk ngelo xesha ayizange aguqulelwe yokudada fast. Kodwa imfuneko kwakungelula. Kodwa ke amandla izinto ivumela iseyile ukumelana zemimoya nkqu nomoya elinamandla. mat kamva indawo Yinyama banda wathandwa yaye uphume.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII, China watyelela merchant yelo kunye mhambi Marco Polo. Wenza inkcazelo eneenkcukacha lomkhombe Asia yokuqala yaye wamangaliswa nje ukuba ezinye junks ukongeza yeepali ezine ekhoyo ukuze mayixhonywe nanceba, ungenza ukhankase i iiseyile ezimbalwa.

junks zomkhosi

Yintoni junk ukuba Chinese? Idla ngokuba umkhumbi okanye izithuthi. Kakhulu kunqabile kakhulu ukuba eyasetyenziselwa iinjongo zomkhosi. Ziye zaphawula ulwazi olunomdla: kwi-16-17 kwiinkulungwane th, amaTshayina wabonisa up unxweme kubaphangi Portuguese, Dutch kunye Japanese. Endaweni ukuhlanganisa kuyo imikhosi kubagxotha, amaTshayina waya azibhala yamandulo, ukunika iingcebiso kulo mzekelo. Hayi ukufumana impendulo yombuzo wakho, abantu China baye bagqiba ukushiya izinto njengoko zinjalo.

Noko ke, yintoni na junk, kodwa inqanawa ezilungele ukuya emfazweni? Uzinzo emkhombeni likuvumela ukuba imiswe ukususela-5 ukuya Julayi pounders-12 kunye inqaba okhethekileyo ukuze zikhuselwe evela iimbumbulu neentolo. Kulo mzekelo, ubukhulu qela abantu 200 kunye ukubana - iitoni ezingama-200.

junks Japanese

Junks, wadala eJapan, yahlukile ukusuka Chinese, kuquka ngaphandle. Kwindawo yokuqala ume ngaphandle ugobile emacaleni kunye iphakama ngaphezu kwamanzi feed, esasiphezu ivili.

Ngokungafaniyo Chinese, lo junk Japanese - inqanawa omnye kuphela lwemasti central, nto leyo iseyile elimxinwa yoxande. Enye imasti ezincinane axis ibekwe kwi isaphetha enqanaweni, kwaye mhlawumbi kufuneka icocwe xa kuyimfuneko. Enye inkalo junks Japanese kukuba imiqadi - imiqadi ukuba yakha isiseko kumgangatho - zaba ngaphandle nawa, ngaloo ndlela kusandiswa isithuba ezisebenzisekayo phantsi umthwalo.

modernity

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba junk leyo engaphezu kwama-3 engamawaka eyadlulayo, sisabalulekile. Isizathu - uyilo ogqibeleleyo, ebonelela uzinzo, umthamo kunye uphume emanzini anganzulwanga. Iminyaka emininzi ezibonakala yamandulo zilolo hlobo zazilulo, nkqu ngoku isenguye junk efanayo ephakathi. Ifoto ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela omncinane umahluko kukho phakathi inqanawa endala kunye mihla.

Okwangoku, abanye abantu kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo of China banyanzelwa ukuba baphile kwi junks, nto leyo sitshiphu kunokuba ukuthenga ikhaya. Le nqanawa inika abalobi ngokutya kunye nokunika igazi, ngoko ke kakhulu yindawo ethandwayo yokuhlala. Bemizi-junks bakhetha ukuhlala emilanjeni kufuphi imizi emikhulu. Inani labemi kula kwiilali ezidadayo kunokuba ukuya ku-80 amawaka abantu, njengoko, umzekelo, kwisixeko nganton. E Hong Kong, IsiTshayina abahlala junks, kakhulu, bekuthi - malunga 12 amawaka. Ukongeza, okwangoku junks kusetyenziswa ukutsala abakhenkethi.