Iindlela ezilula. Isixhobo kokususa. oomatshini ezilula kubomi bemihla ngemihla

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo umntu ezama ukulungiselela umsebenzi wakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo izixhobo. Ziziphi indlela elula? Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi zixhobo? Yintoni elula umahluko kunye iindlela ezintsonkothileyo? Kule kunye nezinye izinto - kamva kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele

iindlela ezilula (ukusuka Greek "kumatshini gun".) - izixhobo ezinika inzuzo ngoomatshini. Ezinye zezi zixhobo zibonakele maxesha amandulo. iindlela ezilula inokuba izixhobo ezahlukeneyo okanye iziqalelo ukuba lokubolekwa ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo isakhiwo kumiselwa nobubanzi isixhobo esithile. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezilula lula kakhulu umsebenzi zabantu. izixhobo ezinjalo zinika inzuzo ngoomatshini. Umzekelo, nesinqumka leyo iqhutywa kulo billet, kunamandla ngaphezu ngesibetho kwifowuni. Ngoko ke, lo mthi ngokukhawuleza ingxa- ngaphandle. Le, kube nefuthe nesinqumka iwela phantsi, iindawo azamazama ngaphandle kwicala log. Oko kukuthi, kulo mzekelo kukho utshintsho bejonge intshukumo.

iindlela ezilula. izibonelo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi izixhobo:

indiza ithambekele

a) jija kwi izikrufu isetyenziswa drill jackhammer, izilumkiso; kwaye njengendlela ukuphakamisa (Archimedes screw) ;

b) nesinqumka kwandisa uxinzelelo ngenxa xi ngobuninzi kwindawo encinane. Lusetyenziswa ichibi, umhlakulo, nomkhonto.

Lever - isixhobo ochazwe yi kaArchimedes. Inokufana iswitshi adubule.

a) isango isetyenziselwa i drive ibhanti kunye nabantwana amanzi equleni.

Ivili (3 wasungula amawaka. BC. E. Sumerians) iyinxalenye yenkqubo izixhobo ezisetyenziswa lothutho.

Le piston negalelo ekusetyenzisweni Amandla iigesi ukwandisa zakutshiswa okanye awomphunga. Esi sixhobo lisetyenziswa kwinjini zomphunga imipu.

isango

Esi sixhobo igubu (njengesilinda), apho isiphatho iqhotyoshelwe apha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko yasetyenziswa njengendlela ukunyusa ngenxa ekukhuliseni amanzi emthonjeni. Inzuzo ngamandla, nto leyo ifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa isango emiselwe umlinganiselo embindini wesangqa, apho intshukumo umqheba ukuya lombhobho radius (igubu) kuso inxeba intambo. Ukuze uhlobo mihla kwesango ibhekisela sokutsala into ngentambo. Esi sixhobo yinkqubo equka njengesilinda kunye amabini amavili unamazinyo of radii ezahlukeneyo. Inzuzo ngamandla, nto leyo enika ngokubanzi sokutsala into ngentambo ukuqinisekisa isiphumo edibeneyo iikhola ezimbini. izixhobo Modern zinika inzuzo amaxesha amane ananye nekhulu.

indiza ithambekele

Le ndlela elula kwakhona ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa xa uphakamisa imizimba enzima. Inzuzo ngamandla ugqibe umlinganiselo kubude isixhobo ukuphakama kwayo enikiweyo ukukhuhlana encinane. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukujikelezisa amandla elikhulu (umz, ngenxa icebreaker okanye ukuqhekeka zokubasa) usetyenziswa uthambekele imboniselo moya - Iverhe. isenzo yalo isekelwe kwinto yokuba xa umkhosi omkhulu ndandisisigculelo Uyila imikhosi ezinkulu aa Incopho evele ecaleni kwefowuni. Olunye uhlobo Screw yinto moya bethana. Kwakunye imnyama, esi sixhobo uyakwazi ukutshintsha ulwalathiso okanye ixabiso lenani isicelo amandla.

iindlela ezilula. lever

Le eqinileyo, ekwaziyo kokutshintsha ehlabathini inkxaso (fixed). Umgama imfutshane ukuba esahlula fulcrum kunye kumgca othe ngqo ngaphaya kuyo amandla enza izinto ngokobuzwe, ngokuba amandla emagxeni. Ukuze ufumane oku, kufuneka uwise nkqo ukusuka fulcrum ukuya kumgca umkhosi lo. Ubude le perpendiculars ziya kuba igxalaba. F1 and F2 - imikhosi ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo lever. Amagxa, esebenza kwisixhobo - L1 kunye L2. Le azisebenzisele ke zilingana xa amandla osebenza kuso bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo kwamagxa. Lo mthetho lungabonakaliswa njengoko ifomula: F1 / F2 = L1 / L2. Lo mgaqo yasekwa yi kaArchimedes. Lo mthetho lubonisa ukuba mandla elikhulu ngokusebenzisa imali lever kunokuba ibe ncinane. Umkhosi isicelo ukuya egxalabeni omnye, njengoko amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu koko isicelo kwezinye, indlela ngaxhatha linye ngaphezulu kuneyesibini.

Indlela ukusebenzisa izixhobo zabantu namhlanje?

oomatshini elula kakhulu eqhelekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, bekuya kuba nzima gqitha ukuba uvule impompo, ukuba akazange abe yokubamba encinane, nto leyo azisebenzisele kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Kunjalo wathi utsalo esebenzisa apho ziba okanye retaining ngezikhonkwane okanye iibholiti. Ixesha elide ngokobuzwe, kokukhona kuya kuba amanyathelo. Ngaloo ndlela, xa sisebenzisana weminoti ezinkulu okanye enzima iibholiti ukuba kutywinwe iintanda koomatshini ezintsonkothileyo, izixhobo umatshini, iimoto, izitshixo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye izibambo wemitha enye ubude. Umnyango iqhelekileyo kwakhona yenye yeendidi izixhobo ethathelwa ingqalelo. Ukuba uzama ukuvula ucango kufuphi uthimbo kwayo, kuba iya kuba nzima kunene. Noko ke, indlela enye evela yomtya handle kukuba, kungenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba ukuvula ucango. Ngokwaneleyo umzekelo ocacile egumbini pole. Ubude bayo amahlanu eemitha. Nale azisebenzisele eyiyo isicelo amandla imbaleki ilawula ukuba inokubhabha ukuya ukuphakama kuyimitha ezintandathu. Ingalo elide kulo mzekelo malunga ezintathu neemitha. Zokuxhathisa zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo omzimba womntu umzimba isilwanyana. Oku, ingakumbi, emihlathini, amalungu omzimba. Imizekelo ga lever yasekhaya ngokusika iphepha okanye metal isikere. Oomashini yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto kuyilo zalo izixhobo ukuvumela inzuzo ngamandla. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ezinyovwayo okanye ngesandla brake ngebhayisekile, umatshini wokuthunga izibambo, ipiyano izitshixo.

izixhobo isicelo Complex

iindlela ezilula lufumaneka ezahlukeneyo lwendibaniso. Izixhobo Ludityanisiwe ziquka iindawo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Akunjalo kuya kuba yindlela esimbaxa - izixhobo ezininzi ezilula kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke, lo grinder yokubamba langoku (isango) inyama Screw propulsive kunye imela mgawuli (alubi). Iintolo Phawula zijikeleziswe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo amagiya ukuba enobubanzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye kunye nezinye inxaxheba. Enye indlela eyaziwayo jack gingxi idityanisiwe. Oku wasebenzisa indibanisela isango kunye ivili.

isiphelo

Njengokuba yacaca, iindlela ezilula lula kakhulu lamandla oluntu. Ukuze luqulathe singamalungu omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngoko naxa ingagcinwa lula izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa kunokuba nzima. lokubolekwa Various, oomatshini bokushicilela, iinjini ziquka iindawo ezininzi. Phakathi izinto, kukho izinto zokuxhathisa, iibhloko, izikrufu, iivili nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi elibhalwe ngokumileyo moya imnyama. Zonke ezi zixhobo abasebenza entsonkothileyo. Enkosi kubo, indoda lula kakhulu umsebenzi. Ukutshintshelwa kwamandla ngoomatshini ukusuka isahlulo enye ukuya kwenye sixhobo kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamatyathanga, imixwayo, amagiya, okanye amagiya zigqalwa izixhobo ixhaphakileyo ngokukhutshelwa iinzame kwaye yenza izinto ngamnye ukuhamba ngokucotha okanye ngokukhawuleza kwicala elinye okanye elinye. izixhobo Complex kunye nolawulo-high speed, ngokuqhelekileyo izixhobo ze-elektroniki. abenzi boluvo lombane ngenxa ezikhethekileyo isicwangciso ibonisa xa kuyimfuneko ukuba zinokubandakanya enye okanye enye indlela nokubekwa esweni ukusebenza oluchanekileyo kwaye uzinzile le nkqubo. izixhobo abaninzi kuza ebomini umntu mihla ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kakhulu. Abantu njalo ukuphucula iindlela ezintsonkothileyo, ngaloo ndlela banzi umda zezicelo zabo. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo uphethe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kuninzi ayikwazi bacinge ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindlela ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, kwicandelo lezemigodi kunye nakwezinye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu.