Imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente Federal. Ilungu yase umgangatho yemfundo karhulumente

imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente Federal i iseti imigangatho ethile yemfundo. Ngabo inyanzelekile ukuba amaziko emfundo yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko uhlaziye iinkcukacha ngakumbi into efunekayo imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente federal.

Overview

Iimfuno asemgangathweni Federal yemfundo karhulumente isebenza phantse yonke imisebenzi yokufundisa eRashiya. De-2009, imithetho data iyasebenza igama elahlukileyo kancinane. It ilahlekelwa elithi "federal". imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente asebenza kumaziko kunye uqinisekiso karhulumente. De 2000, izikolo kwakufuneka athobele ubuncinane kwinqanaba umxholo woqeqesho izidanga kwinqanaba ngalinye lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo.

ulwazi zembali

1 Imigangatho federal yemfundo karhulumente zamkelwa ngo-1992. Oku kwenzeka nge kokupapashwa noMthetho ofanelekileyo. Inqaku lesi-7 unikelwe ngokupheleleyo ukuya GEF. Federal State Standard Educational kwi kwinguqulelo sokuqala owamkelwe liBhunga Ephakamileyo. Ngokunxulumene ukwamkelwa eli lungiselelo owaye warhoxiswa ngowe-1993, i-siseko wonyaka. Ukugunyazisa ukufakwa karhulumente federal umgangatho yemfundo yadluliselwa kumaqumrhu olawulo. Urhulumente Russian umisele inkqubo, njengako apho le mimiselo zaziza zithathwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iBhunga Ephakamileyo ukuba lonke ixesha ukufaneleka ukuba bamkele imigangatho ngoko ke abazange bakuthande. Ngokutsho Edward Dneprova, uyilo izilungiso kuMthetho ungaphinda bayigibisela umva - ukuya kwicala Unitarianism in pedagogy. Bucala into enjalo njenge "amalungu-zommandla '. Lo mkhuba usekelwe ikakhulu zekharityhulam, ezivunywe ngo-1993. Ngowe-1996 th komgangatho wemfundo liye landa kakhulu. Oku kuye kwabangela ukumelana phezu yinxalenye yoluntu yokufundisa. Inzondo khono amazwi ngelo xesha ngohlobo lezimangalo kunye noqhankqalazo.

Uhlelo lokuqala

Ngowe-1992, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngentla, yasungulwa mthetho uqulunqwayo. Ilungu federal asemgangathweni lemfundo likarhulumente ngokungqinelana nayo kuhlangani- ezintlanu:

• umthwalo ukufuduka lokufundela (ivumelekileyo maximum).
• Iimfuneko isiqulatho esisiseko kweenkqubo imfundo esisiseko.
• Ukufumaneka iinjongo zemfundo kwisigaba ngasinye ekufundeni.
• Iimfuno ukuya kwinqanaba yoqeqesho abantwana kokuphumelela kumanqanaba zesikolo ezahlukileyo.
• Imithetho nemiqathango yenkqubo yokufunda.

Phantsi kweempembelelo abaxhasi indlela kwisifundo-lwemethodoloji eli hlelo unenzondelelo amasekela deformation evela kwikomiti zemanyano zabasebenzi leBhunga Ephakamileyo. Ngenxa yoko imigangatho federal yemfundo kwicandelo likarhulumente ukuba azezi-3-component ifomu:

• Umxholo olugunyazisiweyo ubuncinane iikharityhulam ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Le bomthwalo kuvumelekile ukuba abafundi.
• Iimfuno lokulungiselela inqanaba isidanga (kulo mzekelo okuthetha kakuhle kwaye izakuyekiswa kwisikolo sabaqalayo).

Ngenxa yokuba eli nqaku. 7, ezi ngongoma zilandelayo sele ziphelisiwe:

• Icandelo target.
• Iimfuneko umxholo reference esetyenziswa yi iinkqubo zoqeqesho enkulu zatshintshwa "ubuncinane mandatory" - uluhlu esemgangathweni imixholo.
• Ingcamango umthamo umthwalo umda, leyo, enyanisweni, akalingani inani.
• Iimfuno yimiqathango inkqubo yemfundo.

imigaqo

Federal umgangatho wemfundo karhulumente emfundo ephakamileyo kufuneka ukuba usebenzise phantse zonke iiyunivesithi ye-Russian Federation. Ezi ziquka abo afumana ulwabelo karhulumente. Ngokutsho uMthetho Federal "Kwi MSU. Lomonosov Moscow State University kunye St. Petersburg State University" kunye noMthetho Federal "lemfundo", eMoscow eSt Petersburg iiyunivesithi kunye neekholeji kunye udidi okanye "uphando yesizwe" "federal" kunye namanye amaziko emfundo, apho uluhlu evunywe ngengqibo uMongameli ukuba ilungelo aqulunqe ze aphuhlise imigaqo yabo yemfundo kuwo onke amanqanaba bo. Oku kucwangcisa i imigangatho akanakuba ngaphantsi zikhona.

imigomo

imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente Federal zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa:

• Ubunye isithuba Russian zokufundisa.
• Ekuqhubekekeni lwekharityhulam siphambili onke amanqanaba emfundo.
• imfundo yokomoya yokuziphatha kunye nophuhliso.

Federal Standard Educational State icwangcisa ixesha yokwaluka uqeqesho ngokubanzi neyobugcisa ngokungqinelana nezi fom zazo ezahlukeneyo iindlela zokufundisa kunye nobuchwephesha, kuquka iimpawu iindidi ezithile abafundi.

imisebenzi

Ngokusekelwe imilinganiselo, equka i-Federal Standard Educational State, inikeza:

• Umbutho kwenkqubo yemfundo kumaziko ukuba liphumeze isicwangciso ezisisiseko ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngaphantsi yabo kunye nefom lombutho-lomthetho.
• Izicwangciso iinkqubo pre-basic uqeqesho.
• Uphuhliso izifundo zemfundo, izifundo uncwadi, kunye nophononongo lokulinganisa lo mbandela.
• Izicwangciso imithetho kwimisebenzi inkxaso-mali yemfundo amaziko emfundo. Ezi ziquka, ngokukodwa, zezo ukuphumeza ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho federal yemfundo karhulumente.
• Ulawulo kunye nokuthotyelwa amagatya omThetho lokugada.
• Ukufeza certification eliphakathi kunye lokugqibela.
• inkqubo Ukwakhiwa iliso lwangaphakathi umgangatho wemfundo kwiziko lemfundo.
• Umbutho umsebenzi yamaqela nokufundisa.
• Ukuqinisekiswa ootitshala nabaqeshwa ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kwenkqubo amaziko emfundo kamasipala kunye karhulumente.
• Umbutho yoqeqesho kunye ngokutsha, kunye noqeqesho eliphezulu.

isakhiwo

Ngokungqinelana ne-Federal Law of December 1, 2007, umgangatho ngalinye iquka iintlobo ezintathu iimfuno:

• Ngu iziphumo uphuhliso ikhosi yabaqalayo yoqeqesho.
• Imiqathango ethubeleza phantsi apho ekufezekisweni kwekharityhulam ezingundoqo, oko kuquka imali, abasebenzi, eyokucwangciswa njalo njalo.
• Xa isakhiwo yekharityhulam esisiseko.

Ngenxa yoko, IVOTI kufuneka umfundi ngobuchule kunye nobuchule yenkcubeko ngokubanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho kwinkqubo yokufunda

Ukuphunyezwa nganye yeziko Federal umgangatho lemfundo kufuneka kwenziwa kwiprogram ezingundoqo zemfundo (OOP). Oku kuquka ucwangciso, ikharityhulam, ukusebenza izinto schema, izifundo, izifundo kunye nezinye izinto, kwakunye nokufundisa novavanyo izinto.

Ukubala

Federal State Standard Educational ka-2004 yaba imigangatho-sizukulwana sokuqala kwisigaba yemfundo jikelele. Emva koko, ngokuba kwinqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yemfundo evunyiweyo nemimiselo yayo. (. Iiseli-1 ukuya kwezi-4) Ngoko ke, imfundo yamabanga bathathwa ngo-2009 phantsi (5-9 cl.) - ngo-2010. Standard-level phakathi Federal State Educational (kumaBakala 10-11) samkelwa ngo-2012 migangatho yoqeqesho wocikizeko amanyathelo sizukulwana okuqala athathwa ngo-2000. Isizukulwana Standards 2nd zaye swi lavaka izakhono zabafundi, ubuchule kunye nolwazi. Bathi ukususela ngo-2005. imigangatho wesithathu-isizukulwana samkelwe ukususela ngo-2009. Ngokutsho kwabo, abafundi emfundo ephakamileyo, njengokuba kuthiwe, kukuba ukuphuhlisa izakhono zobungcali kunye nenkcubeko jikelele.

amazinga uqeqesho lwengcali

De 2000, urhulumente wasebenzisa umgangatho omnye wemfundo professional ephakamileyo. Kuye kwamkelwa Resolution kaRhulumente ka-1994. Lo mgangatho kuxhomekeke:

• Ubume imfundo professional ephakamileyo kunye nokwakheka amaxwebhu ayo.
• imithetho jikelele kwi omninzi umfundi kunye nobungakanani bayo.
• Imithetho esisiseko ukuqulunqa uluhlu amakhono (imiyalelo).
• Iimfuneko iinkqubo ezingundoqo zemfundo emfundo ephakamileyo umsebenzi, kwakunye neemeko zabo yokusebenzisa.
• NeeeNkqubo zokucwangcisa kunye nokuvunywa nemigangatho inqanaba kunye nomxholo ubuncinane uqeqesho isidanga ngokungqinelana ne amakhono ezithile (indlela).
• Imithetho ulawulo nokuthotyelwa kunye neemfuno imigangatho karhulumente emfundo noqeqesho ephakamileyo.

Xa elithile ngalinye (field of study), eyamkelwa iimfuno kuRhulumente umxholo ubuncinane kunye nenqanaba ukulungiselela abafundi.

isizukulwana esitsha imilinganiselo

Ukususela 2013th, ngokungqinelana nomthetho olawula imisebenzi yemfundo kwi Russian Federation, yamkelwa ngo-2012, kufuneka ivunywe yi ngokwemigangatho xesha langoku. Esi sibonelelo sisebenza ukuba iikharityhulam emfundo ephakamileyo. Ngokukodwa, oku kusebenza ngokukodwa ukulungiselela abasebenzi yenzululwazi kunye zokufundisa. Ukongeza, i Standard Educational Federal State kwinqanaba epriskuli.

Uphuhliso lwamazinga

Inokuba yenziwe ngokungqinelana zigaba amanqanaba imisebenzi, balungiselela izalathiso amakhono. Standards of imisebenzi nokufundisa kufuneka kufakwe ezintsha ubuncinane kanye qho emva kweminyaka elishumi. imigangatho Federal yemfundo zonakekelo ngokubanzi yaqulunqwa kumanqanaba zenkqubo yemfundo, kwimfundimani - by function (izalathiso). Xa ekubunjweni yokugqibela ithathela ingqalelo amalungiselelo afanelekileyo. Development kwemigangatho yemfundo federal yenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixesha elide kunye nomdla ezingxamisekileyo oluntu, ngamnye kunye nezelizwe liphela, ukhuselo nokhuseleko. Xa oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo kunye imfuneko yophuhliso lenzululwazi, inkcubeko, ubuchwepheshe kunye nobunjineli, ezentlalo kunye nezibonelelo zoqoqosho. Uphuhliso GEF oluqhutywa ngendlela emiselwe ngumthetho efanelekileyo Russian Federation. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi wenziwa ngokungqinelana nemimiselo elawula isibonelelo imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo ukulungiselela iimfuno zikamasipala okanye karhulumente. Imigangatho yemfundo yobungcali ephakamileyo ukuphuhlisa association sezemfundo-lwemethodoloji zeeyunivesithi kwiindawo ezithile (amakhono). Ukuyila ithunyelwe kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo and Science of the Russian Federation. Lubeka phezu web site esemthethweni sengxoxo eqhubekayo. Oku akuzi ngabameli ngamaziko afanelekileyo elilawulayo, uluntu yesayensi neyokufundisa, karhulumente kunye namaqela oluntu yokusebenza kwinkqubo yemfundo kunye neminye imibutho. Ezinye iiprojekthi ahlolwe uvavanyo elizimeleyo.

zoviwo

eziqu Valuation lwenziwa zingekapheli iintsuku ezili-14 zokufumana. Oluhlolo lwenziwa:

• Amaziko nxaxheba loluntu kulawulo lwemfundo, imizimba isigqeba kwimimandla Russia. Ukuba enze uvavanyo imigangatho esaqulunqwayo abaphathi jikelele.
• imibutho yabaqeshi nemibutho, eziqulathe imisebenzi yabo kumacandelo afanelekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Ezi zithinteli kuhlolwa iiprojekthi kwi imigangatho yemfundo vocational ephakamileyo, lesibini nelokuqala.
• Ministry of Defence kunye namanye amaqumrhu alawulayo, apho emkhosini zibonelelwe nguMthetho. Bayithatha imilinganiselo loviwo jikelele ngokupheleleyo, imfundo aphakamileyo yezandla kule ngingqi uphathelene ukulungiselela abemi ukuba uhlale emkhosini.

Ngokuhambelana kunye neziphumo kwisigqibo yovavanyo ezimeleyo azotywe. Le lithunyelwe Ministry of Education and Science. uluvo Ingcaphephe ziya zisayinwe yintloko yeziko, nalo mvandlakanyi, okanye umntu ogunyaziswe ukuba enze njalo. Zonke iiprojekthi, imigqaliselo kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo kuxoxwa yiBhodi ye-Ofisi yoMphathiswa. Wagqiba ukuncoma okanye zale ngxelo okanye uhlaziyo. Iiprojekthi kunye nezinye izinto kwegunya. Emva koko, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Science and Education kuthatha isigqibo zalo ngokubhekiselele kuwo nawuphi na umgangatho. Iinguqu okanye utshintsho ezenziwe ngendlela efanayo, enyanisweni, kanye ukwamkelwa kwale mimiselo.

Ekuphetheni

I-Federal State Standard entsha Educational ka-2014 waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla wokuqala kaJanuwari. Inkqubo ukwamkelwa nemigangatho ngokubanzi kulawulwa yimiGaqo uphuhliso kunye nokuvunywa. Nabo ke, kwenziwa kwinqanaba le-RF kaRhulumente. Imigangatho ezintsha isicelo namhlanje kunye nemfundo zabasakhasayo. Bona zisekelwe kwimigaqo engundoqo emininzi wabeka. Ngenxa yoko, i-Standard leMfundo Federal State ngo-2014 ijolise:

• Inkxaso iyantlukwano, ukulondoloza ixabiso nokwahluka yobuntwana njengenye izigaba ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lwabasebenzi.
• Humanistic, umfundi-ephuhlisa ukuzalana omdala (umzali okanye ummeli womthetho, ootitshala okanye umqeshwa weziko) kunye nomntwana.
• Kufezekiswe inkqubo karhulumente ngendlela efanelekileyo abantwana iqela ngalinye ethile ubudala, ubukhulu becala ngohlobo imidlalo, uphando kunye umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, umsebenzi zobuchule njalo njalo., Ukunika uphuhliso yokuluka nobugcisa.
• Ukukhuthaza intlonipho umntwana.

Iinjongo zale migangatho federal zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuphucula ubume ekuhlaleni kwemfundo pre-school kunye abakhule ngayo.
• Ukuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo kubo bonke abantwana ngemfundo esemgangathweni.
• Ukugcina ubunye isithuba Russian zokufundisa kule ndawo.
• Ukubonelelwa kweziqinisekiso karhulumente ukuze umgangatho kunye nomgangatho wemfundo pre-school ngokwesiseko ukuthembakala iimfuno mandatory regulatory kwimigaqo wokuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam, ubume babo, kwakunye neziphumo kuphuhliso lwabo.

imigaqo entsha Federal ijolise ekusombululeni le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• Ukukhuthaza kunye nokukhusela impilo yengqondo neyomzimba umntwana, iimvakalelo kakuhle-ntle yakhe.
• Ukuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo ophuhliso eyaneleyo kwixesha uthole, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda, indawo yokuhlala, ulwimi, uhlanga, SOC. isimo, yezengqondo nokomzimba kunye nezinye iimpawu (ubukho abakhubazekileyo ethile).
• Ubunye yemfundo noqeqesho ukuze ibe yinkqubo eyodwa, inkqubo lwenziwa ngokwesiseko lwamaxabiso zentlalo nenkcubeko, ngokuziphatha nangokomoya, imithetho eyamkelekileyo kunye nezithethe zokuziphatha eluntwini.
• Ukudala indawo evumayo uphuhliso komntwana ngokungqinelana nobudala bakhe kunye notyekelo kunye namakhono.
• Ukubonelela ngenkxaso zengqondo kunye zokufundiswa kwimizalwane, ngokunjalo ukwazisa abazali okanye abameli kwezomthetho kwinkalo zokukhuthazwa kwezempilo, ukhuseleko kunye nemfundo yabantwana.