Uncwadi kwinkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya, abameli imiyalelo zoncwadi

Uncwadi kwinkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya wayanyaniswe nokugqama ngokukhawuleza inkcubeko. Ukuphakamisa kubaluleke iinkqubo zembali ziboniswe kwi imisebenzi ongenakufa ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Eli nqaku lunikezelwa amalungu Golden Age of iincwadi Russian kunye imiyalelo iphambili kweli xesha.

iziganeko zembali

Uncwadi kwinkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya iye yabangela amagama amakhulu afana Baratynsky, uyise, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Fet, ulwimi, Tiutchev. Yaye ngaphezu kwako konke, Pushkin. iziganeko Kufuphi zembali wamiswa eli xesha. Kuphuhliso ukubhala Russian nemibongo nolwaluphenjelelwe kwaye Patriotic War of 1812, kwaye kokufa uNapoleon omkhulu, kunye nokugcinwa ubomi Byron. imbongi IsiNgesi, kwakunye umphathi-French, kudala balihlutha iingqondo zabantu revolution babechubekile eRashiya. Imvukelo Decembrists kunye imfazwe Russian-Turkish, kwakunye ntlokoma French Revolution, ukuba awabe kuzo zonke iindawo Europe - zonke ezi ziganeko ziye kukukhokela iinzame enamandla awona neengcamango zokuyila.

Nangona amazwe Koloni wenziwe lo mbuso baqalisa ukuya kuvela nomoya inkululeko ukulingana, Russia waqinisa igunya layo monarchical, uphumeza Decembrists kwaye abathintela qhankqalazo. Oku akanakuhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo amagcisa, ababhali kunye ziimbongi. Uncwadi kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya - zibonisa iingcinga kunye namava kwezakhi phambili yoluntu.

classicism

Phantsi bejonge kwesi ubuhle ukuqonda isimbo ubugcisa, nesuka eYurophu, inkcubeko kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII. Iimpawu eziphambili kulo - ukuba rationalism nokuhambelana izinqumo engqongqo. Isibheno iifom bamandulo kunye nemigaqo Yabo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kunye classicism kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Literature, ke, kule isimbo yokuluka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane baqalisa kwizikhundla zabo. Classicism ngokuthe Ukubuyisela imiyalelo ezifana sentimentalism, romanticism.

Master yokuvakalisa zobugcisa waqala ukudala imisebenzi yabo ntlobo ezintsha. Zaba imisebenzi athandwa kwi indlela zenoveli yembali, ibali yothando, ballad, ode, umbongo, imbonakalo, zefilosofi kunye nothando lyrics.

ngokoqobo

Uncwadi kwinkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya wayeyixhalabele ngegama Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Kufuphi banesifo kumsebenzi wakhe kwindawo eyomeleleyo ahlala iprozi esengqiqweni. Kufuneka ke ukuba ngunozala le intshukumo yoncwadi eRashiya ithiywe emva Pushkin.

Ubuntatheli uvuthondaba

Ezinye iimpawu inkcubeko yaseYurophu kwinkulungwane ye-18 ilifa iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Ngokufutshane, uyakwazi ukuchonga iimpawu eziphambili imibongo iprozi eli thuba - satirical kunye journalistic. Ibixabise ukuyichazela imikhuba kunye nobuthathaka kuluntu bubonakala ngemisebenzi yababhali owadala izenzo zabo novalo yabantu. Ukuhlalutya uncwadi ke kamva uzimisele trend ezoncwadi, idibanisa kunye ababhali ukubhala satirical kunye journalistic. "Isikolo Natural" - yaba igama le isimbo obugcisa, nayo ke, ubize i "yesikolo Gogol." Ezinye bale intshukumo zoncwadi - Nekrasov, Dal, Herzen, Turgenev.

ukugxekwa

Ngcinga "yesikolo zendalo" yaba umgxeki Belinsky. Ukuyilahla nokuphelisa imikhuba nibe imigaqo abameli kule ntshukumo zoncwadi. Eyona uphawu kumsebenzi wabo babe imiba yezentlalo. genre uMajor - isincoko, inoveli zentlalo nezengqondo kunye ibali kwezentlalo.

Uncwadi kwinkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya iye yaguquka phantsi kwempembelelo nemisebenzi imibutho eyahlukeneyo. Kwaba kwikota yokuqala yale nkulungwane, kwabakho ukunyuka okubonakalayo endle journalistic. A nempembelelo enkulu kwinkqubo zoncwadi iye Belinsky. Lo mntu saba unekhono ukuba isipho enkondlo. Yena waba ngowokuqala ukuba baqaphele italente Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky.

Pushkin and Gogol

Russia Literature 19-20 leminyaka kuya kwahluka kakhulu, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo ayakhanya ngaphandle kwezi ababhali ezimbini. Baba negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso ukubhala. Kwaye abaninzi izinto abaye yaziswa uncwadi, baba izithethe zoqobo. Pushkin and Gogol hayi kuphela aphuhliswe ngendlela efana ngokoqobo, kodwa wadala a brand styles omtsha ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka. Omnye wabo - umfanekiso le "ndoda encinane", apho kamva yenziwe nje kuphela imisebenzi ababhali Russian, kodwa uncwadi amazwe, unyaka weshumi elinethoba kunye kwiinkulungwane omabini.

Lermontov

Le mbongi kwakhona nempembelelo kakhulu kuphuhliso iincwadi Russian. Ngapha koko, oko ukudaleka into efana "ligorha ixesha." Ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya, iye yaba kuphela koncwadi, kodwa ebomini yoluntu. Lermontov inxaxheba kuphuhliso uhlobo kwinoveli engqondweni.

Lonke Ixesha kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, amagama adumileyo abantu abanetalente enkulu, owayesebenza entsimini uncwadi (zombini iprozi kunye nemibongo). Ababhali Russian kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo emva kwexesha, wathabatha phezu yemfaneleko ezinye oogxa bethu Koloni. Kodwa ngenxa Jump elibukhali ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa iincwadi Russian yaduma ngenxa saba umyalelo sezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu koko Western Europe. Umsebenzi Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoevsky kunye Gogol yaba yinxalenye yenkcubeko yehlabathi. Ngemisebenzi yababhali Russian baye imodeli, leyo wathembela kamva German, British kunye nababhali yaseMelika.