UViktor Savinykh, cosmonaut eSoviet: engobomi, usapho, amabhaso

UViktor Savinykh - cosmonaut eSoviet, i-50 kuluhlu abo eSoviet Union yakwazi ukuba ibhabhe esithubeni. Phezu kwayo konke, waba uphambuko ezintathu, ebudeni enye yazo wakwazi ukuya indawo evulekileyo. ixesha Enyuselwayo zonke iinqwelo-moya - iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-252.

biography

UViktor Savinykh - biography usomajukujuku abalunikelwayo kwakanye eyaziwa ngokuba baninzi abemi eSoviet, ngenxa yokuba abantu abafana naye, babukela lonke ilizwe wayezidla ngabo, lingana kubo.

usomajukujuku Future wazalelwa kwilali encinane Berezkin, ibekwe kwisithili Oricheskom kummandla laseKirov. Lakhe lokuzalwa - Matshi 7, 1940. ebuntwaneni Early waba phezu imfazwe, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ngoloyiso uViktor Savinykh waya esikolweni. Yena waphumelela kuyo, njengamanye abafundi abaninzi yiSoviet kwiminyaka eli-17. Ukuba imfundo yamabanga ezifunyenweyo, uVictor wangena Perm Railway College, apho idiploma ekugqityweni siqinisekiso safakwa kuluhlu "Rairoad uchwepheshe."

Ngomhla inkqubela VP entsha Savinykh akakayeki kwaye ngo-1969 izidanga kwi-Institute kunye isiqinisekiso "mechanical injineli wezibuko." Noko ke, oku akuzange ngokwaneleyo ngaye, ngoko ke xa isidanga esikolweni yeziko ofanayo - Moscow Institute of Geodesy kunye cartography. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe ukusuka PhD malunga nesihloko "Iingxaki orientation iziphekepheke Earth orbit" kwathiwa ezikhuselweyo.

Emva eminye iminyaka 5 wayezithethelela zobugqirha bakhe elubala ezinxulumene iingxaki zokusingqongileyo umoya isihloko. Emva koko, wagqiba ukuqala ngonozakuzaku umsebenzi, apho ke kwakufuneka ukufumana idiploma ye-Academy Amanxusa.

space

UViktor Savinykh waqala ukusebenza ngowe-1960, esebenza njenge okhangela kwi i Sverdlovsk kaloliwe. Kwiminyaka 60-63 bakhonza eSoviet Army amabutho zikaloliwe.

I-Ofisi Design kwiKumkanikazi weza ngo-1969. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe kule ngongoma njengononjineli, kwiminyaka engama-20 umhlala njengentloko ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngowe-1975, uViktor Savinykh iye igunyazise iBhodi Medical eliyiNtloko, ngokusekelwe apho kweminyaka emithathu kamva - in December 1978 - isiphakamiso sokuba ukubhalisa mafikizolo kwi squad. Kuba iziganeko zeli nqanaba bonke kwenzeka kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Savinykh ngokwakhe ucacisa oku ngokuthi wayesazi lo moya kakuhle, wammisa ukususela ekuqaleni. Weza KB ngexesha apho iprojekthi kuphela ephepheni, ngoko UViktor bahamba naye phantse kusukela ngomzuzu "wokukhulelwa". Ukuqeshwa njenge cosmonaut uvavanyo eyasayinwa ngomhla we -8 Disemba 1978 ngonyaka.

Kunye neqela, nto leyo kulindeleke ukuba station "Salyut-6", bathatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yangaphambi-amalungiselelo phambi Meyi 1980.

Oktobha 1978 - emthonjeni 1980 - ixakekile ukulungiselela uvavanyo moya kwi "Soyuz T-2." Exams baye athunywe ngempumelelo, kodwa phantse phambi kokuqala, kwavakala ukuba umkhombe kabini moya, ngoko ke ethatyathwe kule program.

Lidla kungalindelekanga, ndatshintshelwa kwelinye projekthi, ngoko ngo-Oktobha nangoNovemba 1980, ukulungiselela enye projekthi. Emva kokugqitywa kwalo ngempumelelo usomajukujuku wamiselwa ukubhabha injineli abasebenzi yesibini, eyenzelwe uvavanyo ukubhabha "Soyuz T-3".

NgoDisemba 1980, waqalisa amalungiselelo okugqibela ekuqaleni ukuya 'Salyut-6 ", nto leyo eyaphela ngo February '81. Kwiphulo yesihlanu eziphambili uViktor Savinykh waba emoyeni crew injineli reserve. Noko ke, emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo iKomishini iye yagqiba ukuba kunye V. Kovalenko ukuya crew inkulumbuso, ngoxa Andreev kunye Zudov watshintshela isakhiwo yokuncedisa.

flight sasekhaya

moya yam yokuqala, uViktor Savinykh, cosmonaut, wayelinde kunye jonga okhethekileyo. Ukuqhambuka esenziwa ngoMatshi 12, 1981. ofisi yakhe zingaphelanga iintsuku ezingama-74, iiyure 17 imizuzu 37 kunye nemizuzwana 23, yathatha lo moya, - kwinjineli ukubhabha. Callsign kweli xesha - Photon-2. lo moya, ngokungafaniyo abantu abaninzi, kuquka nento yokuba lokwazisa kwenzeka ngokuhlwa. Emva thatha uhambo, oosomajukujuku bajamelana omninzi umsebenzi, ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba bahlengahlengise ishedyuli yakhe kusengaphambili. Baya kulala kusasa, uvuka xa abanye Muscovites sasilungiselela ebhedini. Xa isigqibo malunga moya ekugqibeleni yamkelwa, kwavakala ukuba noViktor uba ngamahlanu cosmonaut eSoviet kunye №100 kwiziqinisekiso ngamazwe.

Phambi kokuba moya, njengoko iintsholongwane unyango ngayo utywala ukukhonza. Savinykh wayekhumbula indlela ugqirha uncokole ngoku ngenxa amagciwane ukuba anihlasele ngokupheleleyo. Kule mini uVictor wabhala iincwadi eziya umfazi wakhe kunye nabazali. Nemvulophu wabeka ifoto apho uboniswa emajukujukwini. Usapho akazange abonwe kule fomu, awaba nako nokuba ucinga ukuba lo mzuzu uthunyelwa ukuba irula ukuba kungekudala uza kwaziswa ngomoya wakhe.

Emva kokubuyela Earth Savinykh ke wakhumbula ukuba nabo bazama nzima kakhulu ukuba bamenze ukuhleka, aphum 'imincili. Omnye wabo kakhulu nzulu waphikelela ukuba ukubeka nasemkhenkceni kwi bay imithwalo, apho unako ubaleke ujikeleza isithuba kwingoma. Ezi ziqinisekiso babengabafundi yaye zichazwe ukuba Savinykh akwazi ukunceda kodwa uncumo.

Xa ziintatheli wabuza phambi kokuqala oko baya miss isithuba, Savinykh wathi yena akazange azi, kodwa okwangoku awunazo sithuba.

Injongo yalo msebenzi yaba ekuvuseleleni "Salyut-6" station, abanye xesha eyadlulayo baphulukana udibaniso. Kuyinto ngaphakathi kwizitishi "abafileyo" Savinykh kuqala wazama endiza womxhuzulane zero. Hayi ngoko nangoko, kodwa ngokukhawuleza wafunda ukuba yenze isigqibo malunga ulwalathiso sesindululo kufuneka kubekho moya - ngexesha ngohambo ukudideka umfazi ke uswele intliziyo. Ude ube ufikelela umphezulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukutshintsha nantoni na.

Bebuyile moya wokuqala, loo usomajukujuku wathi ngehlombe ngendlela entle iplanethi yethu kukuba ukusuka kumphezulu ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela. Ukubukela ilanga engaphele (iintsuku space, ungabona izihlandlo 16), uViktor ukhumbula ubomi Urals, kusasa kunye, ivumba ococekileyo entsha. Ngaba oko ke kuthathwa ukuba bekuya kuba ukujonga iplanethi yethu evela emajukujukwini? Kakade ke, nkqu amaphupha am lalinamandla oku akuzange kwenzeke.

Ngokumangala kunye Savinykh bamchazela ngale nto na ubuhle neentyantyambo ezithe bhenqe evela emajukujukwini. Aurora wenze yahlala ezingqondweni phezu kwakhe, ngokungakumbi njengoko oosomajukujuku ikwazile ukuba atyelele intliziyo yale meko. Nam ke umboniso, ngokutsho kwabo babukeleyo, akukho nako ukuvelisa nokuqhama imibala, akwazileyo sizigcine evela emajukujukwini.

Lo moya yesibini

Loo moya lide eyehlela Savinykh. Sagcina 4 iinyanga hambo ukuya "Salyut-7". Inqanaba lokuqala ibe nokubuyiselwa yonke imisebenzi isikhululo. Ukusebenzisana Dzhanibekov wamnika iziphumo ezigqwesileyo: ukusebenza isityalo ibuyiselwe. Njengenxalenye yale msebenzi Savinykh waya emajukujukwini. ngaphandle Ukusebenza kwe inqanawa wathabatha iiyure ezi-5.

Isicwangciso umsebenzi isigaba lesibini Vasyutin kunye Volkova, kodwa ngenxa yokugula Vasyutin moya kwafuneka ukugqiba kwangethuba. Savinykh wamiselwa alimwi aba belungu bayehluthe kubo.

Lo moya yathatha zizonke iintsuku 168 Iiyure ezi-3 nemizuzu engama-51 imizuzwana 8.

Yena baqeqeshwa kwi "Mir", ngoko emva kokubuyela Earth, iqhawe yethu wenjineli ekwinqwelo - ukubhabha kwi OS "Mir". Kwimeko yokuqala abasebenzi sele kuphindwa kwi-yesibini - umongo.

Lo moya yesithathu

UViktor Savinykh, inombolo cosmonaut 50 kweli lizwe, wenza ebaleka lokugqibela umsebenzi wakhe ngo-'88. Njengoko injineli moya ukususela ngowe-7 ukuya kuJuni 17 Wathabatha inxaxheba mission kwi isiphekepheke "Soyuz Xhosa-5".

kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba uqalise isiphekepheke zimi ndawonye kwisikhululo space, nolusebenza kwiphulo main yesine. Station "Mir" wenza sithandwe kwaba bantu batsha. Ukwenza imisebenzi ukubhabha edibeneyo, abasebenzi wabuyela Earth. Olu hambo yayingaqhelekanga kulo, kunye Soviet kwisikhululo cosmonauts "Mir" yasingatha ziingcali eBulgaria.

Lo moya yathatha iintsuku 9, iiyure ezingama-20, imizuzu 9 imizuzwana-19.

impilo Personal

Le ntwazana, owathi kamva waba ngumfazi wakhe, Victor wadibana ngoxa College Perm. Into yokuqala waqaphela - njani lula, yangqungqa ngokukhululekileyo Lily. Wagqiba ukuba uza aye ekhaya ukubona ikhaya lakhe, yintoni ngokwenene umdla usomajukujuku elizayo. Amthandayo ezemidlalo, wayexakeke lweembaleki yaye yaba skier obalaseleyo, iyenza eziqhelekileyo ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo leswo kuyo. Umfazi Viktora Savinyh wazalwa Februwari 23, 41, Igama unina wakhe intombi - Menshikov. Liliya Alekseevna wasebenza njengomfundisi yeSebe leMfundo Physical Moscow Forestry Institute.

UViktor Savinykh, ntsapho umntwana kubazali bakhe, yena umninawa wakhe, wavusa intombi mnye, owazalwa Agasti 12, 1968. Valentine ebomini uyise abanekratshi, akazange aye emkhondweni wakhe. Kuye waba eziphilayo.

ukuphila emva

Ngowe-1988, uViktor iye yavuma ukuba ukufumana isithuba onguMphathi. Wayecinga iinkokheli eyunivesithi, apho wayefunda kwiminyaka eyadlulayo - MIIGAiK. Emva konyaka, usomajukujuku career phezu ngokusemthethweni, emva koko kude 1992 Savinykh waba isekela kukho abantu eSoviet Union. Doctor of Sciences zobugcisa uViktor Petrovich ngu-1990.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi usomajukujuku owayesakuba uye wakhonza umhleli magazini "Isithuba Russian". Yena - ngumhlali Wawongwa kwisixeko laseKirov, apho njengentlonipho ilitye lesikhumbuzo. Ukongeza, igama usomajukujuku eyabelwe enye iiplanethi ezincinane.

bamxolele

Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe elide, kunye kubulelwe uphando Savinykh iphumelele iimbasa ezininzi kunye nezihloko. Izihlandlo eziliqela waba kaNobel namabhaso eyahlukeneyo karhulumente, Knight zonke IMbasa ye Lenin, "Kuba Ukugqwesa" imbasa "Gold Star", wawongwa imbasa "Kuba nempikiswano kwi wokuhlola kwendawo," kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukongeza, ngokuphindaphindiweyo wafumana itayitile hero.

Kabili waba ligorha eSoviet Union. Yena wawongwa isihloko ngo-1981 no-1985.

Ngowe-1981 wafumana isihloko Hero of the Mongolian Abantu Republic, kwiminyaka esixhenxe - ezifanayo kwiRiphabliki Bulgaria.

Ukususela ngowe-1981 - cosmonaut eSoviet.

Akukho kuphela kwilizwe lethu sasibuxabisa imisebenzi Savinykh, eParis, yena lilungu International Academy of Astronautics. Ukongeza, ukuba ulilungu le-International Academy of Engineering ne-Computer Science of the Academy. Ukususela ngowe-2006 yena liyahambisana ilungu Russian Academy of Sciences.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

UViktor Savinykh ubebakhokela ubomi esebenzayo kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Waye usekela waseUSSR, ilungu leKomiti lokusiNgqongileyo, yayibaleka ukuba uDuma kabini, kodwa zombini amaxesha zange ukukhetha abantu. Ngaba umongameli Swimming Federation, ilungu Elawulayo umphakathi philatelists, ulilungu inani elikhulu ngoluntu ezahlukeneyo. Ngo-2010, phakathi phezulu ezintathu kuluhlu lwe United Russia yepati alilungu laseKirov yesebe ukhetho ibandla karhulumente. Ngo-2011 wonyulwa.

ukuzenza

Ngoxa umfundi Savinykh ndilikhoboka lezinto ze-Skiing waza waba nomdla ekulobeni, ukuzingela, intenetya amkhanuke Ukuskiya wasezintabeni. Ngoku, nakuba bexakekile, uViktor izama ukunika imidlalo kunye nezinonwabisayo ixesha elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze ukuba alahlekelwe bayafaneleka.

Nangona ngoku siphila owayesakuba usomajukujuku e Moscow, uzama ngonyaka ngamnye ukuba eze lweenkobe Vyatka wakhe, ukuba baye kungena emahlathini, kuloba eziqhelekileyo ukususela lomlambo ebuntwaneni.

ncwadi

UViktor Ungumbhali "I Umhlaba ilinde kwaye ngethemba," ebhalwe 1983, "Emakuqatshelwe evela kwisikhululo kwabafileyo", yagqitywa ngowe-1999, "neJografi Space", wadala ngo-2000, yaye "Vyatka. Baikonur. Cosmos ", nto leyo wayenza ngusomajukujuku ngo-2002 no-2010.

Ngaphezu koko, uye co-ibhalwe iintlobo iincwadi ezinikelwe isithuba kunye nokusingqongileyo.