Unyango lwe abemi: ithuba ingqalelo. Ukophulwa ngokoMthetho nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno abemi '

Federal uMthetho № 59-FZ kulawulwa inkqubo ezifana nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno kwabantu abathile nemibutho kwindawo ezahlukeneyo imibutho karhulumente. Ngawaphi amaxesha abekiweyo lokudlulisa izicelo labemi Russia kunye nezinye bokuqonda kula ubudlelwane ezivelayo zixoxwe kweli nqaku.

A bit malunga komthetho kwaye unelungelo lokubhena

Ngokuthi umthetho federal epasiswe yindlu yowiso-mthetho le-Russian Federation ngo-2006, kodwa ke abantu abaninzi abazange sazi ngaloo nto, ngoko amalungelo abo akhuselwe le mimiselo. Yintoni na ixesha ingqalelo lwabemi banokufunda kwesi sixhobo ethile.

Nawuphina ummi ngokungqinelana neemfuno zabo, ukuze amkhulule; umthetho Ephakamileyo Russia --siseko, abaqhutywa yintliziyo ukuya naliphi na ilizwe okanye kamasipala imizimba, ngombhalo ngomlomo ukuze ufumane nayiphi na ingcaciso okanye ngokutsha eminye imiba. Eli lungelo ekhuselwe nje kuphela kuMgaqo-siseko, kodwa umthetho ikhankanywe ngasentla. Kolu xwebhu olumisiweyo ithi ukuba usebenza kubantu abemi amazwe, kwakunye nabo abangenazo ubumi.

Le isangqa labantu apho umthetho ezibalelwa abo banelungelo iingxelo ezinjalo, libanzi kakhulu. Oku kuquka abantu abaqhelekileyo, abantu kunye nemibutho, njengoko amaqumrhu asemthethweni, kwakunye noluntu ezahlukeneyo abemi, imibutho, iimanyano kunye like.

Ilungelo lokubhena

FZ ingqalelo ixesha wokuqwalaselwa abemi, oko kubonwe ukuba nawuphi na umntu ngokuzimeleyo ukuza ngokupheleleyo naliphi na igunya kukarhulumente, igunya likamasipala okanye uqhagamshelane iqumrhu labucala esemthethweni eyenza imisebenzi yoluntu. Le ndoda amagosa kufuneka ukuba ukunika iimpendulo ezibanzi yonke imibuzo. Kakade ke, ukuba le miba kufuneka ibe sengqiqweni yaye enxulumene kwisakhono umzimba, leyo ngqo.

ilungelo ebizwa abemi yahlukile kuba kukhululekile kwaye kungokuzithandela, Noko ke, izibheno abemi ezinjalo ', ixesha wokuqwalaselwa egqalwa ngezantsi, akukho ndlela akakwazi ephule amalungelo nenkululeko naziphi na kubantu besithathu. Bashiya wonke umntu unyanzelekile ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo ngokholo elungileyo, kungenjalo, ukuba akanako nje ukufumana impendulo, kodwa kuba noxanduva xa izenzo zabo kwabangela nabani na okubi.

lwesigama

Umthetho federal ngomhla ingqalelo abemi phambi kokufaka amalungelo abo kunye noxanduva kumaqela yokosulelwa evela kwi imvelaphi lezicelo, uchaza isigama ezithile ezisetyenziswa kuyo. Ezidweliswe ngokwemimiselo yayo eziqhelekileyo ukuze wonke umntu, kodwa asinguye wonk 'ubani uyayazi indlela baphathwa kanye mthetho.

Ngenxa yoko, ummiselo ichaza igama elithi "Ukuguquka" intshukumo ye ummi okanye umntu ngembalelwano okanye ngokusebenzisa i-elektroniki digital ngqo ngurhulumente okanye enye isikhalazo igunya, iingxelo, izithembiso, nezinto ezinjengezo. Ngamanye amazwi, naluphi na uxwebhu efuna impendulo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wabizwayo, kwi-sikhokelo umthetho ekuthethwa ziya kuqwalaselwa unyango.

Ngaphezu koko, isibheno kakuhle kwaye iingxelo zomlomo, ezo ingachazwayo kwezinye eendaba. Imigaqo ingqalelo izicelo ze abemmi Russian Federation akuxhomekekanga kuhlobo apho kwi-arhente zikarhulumente.

Omunye umqondo, elandela ukusuka yokuqala kwaye zisetyenziswa kuxwebhu olumisiweyo ekuthiwa, isoloko isetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla - esi sicelo. Lo mthetho gama kuthetha isiphakamiso, awamthumayo ngummi okanye umntu osemthethweni emzimbeni ngurhulumente ukwenzela ukubaphembelela amagosa ukuba enze naziphi na izilungiso, izilungiso okanye utshintsho kwimigaqo, kwakunye ukuphucula imisebenzi karhulumente kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Le ngxelo hlobo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iikhonsepthi ezichazwe yi-mthetho yaye adweliswe nomthetho - yinto isicelo ummi okanye entlanganweni. Umongo isicelo esinjalo inokuba ukunceda amagunya karhulumente okanye likamasipala ngokuthobela, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamalungelo oluntu asemthethweni, amalungelo abo akuMgaqo-siseko. Ingxelo kungenziwa zicaciswe kunye nokukhuselwa inkululeko siseko yabanye, nokuba ezingezo-izihlobo-sicelo. Ukongeza kudidi izicelo ezidweliswe iquka izikhalazo abemi, ithuba ingqalelo leyo imiselwe ngumthetho, yaye apho umntu ovavanywe ukuphelisa naziphi na ukunyhashwa imithetho, utsalela ingqalelo ukungafezeki zamaqumrhu karhulumente kunye yomsebenzi ombi-umgangatho amagosa.

Uhlobo yokugqibela unyango enikwe kwi uluhlu komthetho federal - isikhalazo. Eli gama kwaziwa kwabaninzi, kwaye ugcina isicelo kwaye ngaxeshanye imfuneko yokuba ngummi okanye iqumrhu elisemthethweni ukukhusela amalungelo abo baphula, kwezithandani of nokungena kuzo naliphi na iqela lesithathu, okanye amagosa karhulumente.

Official Treatment Act ibhekisa umqeshwa umbuso okanye kamasipala emzimbeni, nto leyo elenza amagunya zoqoqosho-zolawulo, zolawulo-lombutho kunye nezinye. Le ndoda yokugqibela sinikezwe ngamandla karhulumente, ke ngoko, ummeli karhulumente.

Amalungelo abantu xa wayejonga izicelo

Inkqubo kunye ngokwemiqathango ingqalelo kwabemi uchazwa emyalelweni federal, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amalungelo abo ibandakanya uxanduva emiselwe ukuba abenzi bobubi. Ngaphezu koko, Inqaku lesi-5 loMthetho uchaza amagunya sicelo kunye abamangali, ukususela kwabo kuvela emva kokuba unyango mayibhekiswe iqumrhu ezinqwenelekayo kwamandla karhulumente. Phakathi la malungelo ezi zilandelayo:

1. Ummangali okanye isicelo angathi, lingadlulanga elo xesha kuqwalaselwa isibheno sakhe ukunika amaxwebhu ezithile neenkcukacha emzimbeni, apho isibheno kuqwalaselwa.
2. I-sicelo unelungelo lokucela aze imfuno kumagosa omzimba eligunyazisiweyo ukunika kuye amaxwebhu ziyafumaneka kubo (ukuba ngaba eziphikisanayo amaxwebhu amiselweyo ekuphatheni).
3. A ummi unelungelo lokucela izisebenzi ukuba kumnceda elwela amaxwebhu nezinye kunye nobungqina yena ngokwakhe akakwazi ukufumana.
4. Umenzi-sicelo unelungelo lokuba ukujonga zonke izinto nexwebhu eye isetyenziswe ngabasebenzi karhulumente ngokunxulumene ingqalelo kwesicelo sakhe. Kulo mzekelo, amaxwebhu kufuneka lingaqulathi imfihlelo, olukhuselwe ngumthetho.
5. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye kuyimfuneko-sicelo ilungelo - ilungelo lokufumana impendulo kwisikhundla angundoqo umzimba karhulumente, ngokubhekisele imithetho ekhoyo, iingcebiso ukoyisa esengxakini. Kulo mzekelo, i-sicelo unelungelo lokuba sikufune oko kwaqondakala ixesha ebizwa ngokuba of nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno abemi 'kumagunya karhulumente.
6. Ukuba ngummi ngempazamo wathumela ingxelo kugunyaziwe engalunganga, nenoxanduva kuqwalaselo lwawo nawuphi na umba othile, igunya uya kwazisa umenzi-sicelo sebenzi lesi sicelo kwaye uyithumele kwi mbutho nelasekunene ukunika impendulo yalo mbuzo.
7. Xa ukunganeliseki kunye namabango zomenzi-sicelo, kwakunye ukuba ngaphandle iimpendulo ukuba akakholiswa nguye, ummi unelungelo lokuba ufake isikhalazo okanye emva ugunyaziwe ephakamileyo okanye isuphavayiza, okanye iinkundla.
8. Umfaki-sicelo unakho ukubhala isicelo ukuba aqhawule ingqalelo yesibheno sakhe.

ngokoMthetho

Imigaqo nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno abemi 'entlanganweni echazwe ngokucacileyo ngu mthetho. Abakwazi ibe ngaphezu kumda amisiweyo, ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, ebengayi kuhlaziywa. Amaxesha amaninzi, xa kusenziwa, izicelo kunye izikhalazo zabantu ingqalelo amabini, okanye iinyanga ezintathu. Kukho iimeko ezininzi xa isicelo akuzi impendulo. Kodwa ke, ukuba uyawazi ngokomthetho amaxesha, emva koko igunya loluntu linyanzelekile ukuba ukunika impendulo, ngoko sinako ngokukhuselekileyo ibango nabo, kwaye kungekho impendulo ukujongana ofisi yomtshutshisi kunye isikhalazo ukungaphumeleli ukwenza.

Ngoko ke, ixesha ingqalelo izikhalazo ezibhaliweyo lwabemi ayikwazi kuba ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Ukubala lo xesha iqala ukususela kumhla ukubhaliswa kwesicelo kwiofisi a igunya loluntu. Bangaphoswa olumisiweyo ulandele up nokuphunyezwa kwayo kufuneka zingeniswe unyango duplicate, ilungu lesibini mbutho kufuneka abeke phantsi uphawu yokwamkela, ucacise indawo kunye nefani wamkela uxwebhu, kwakunye nenani xa kwenzeke.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kangangexesha elimiselwe isicelo, engeniswa ligosa sicelo aphezulu uRhulumente sendawo of Education of Russia, nto leyo eye ulwazi Kukwaphula umthetho yokufuduka. unyango olunjalo ummi okanye umbutho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabantu abanegunya kwisithuba seentsuku ezingamashumi amabini.

Lo mthetho unika amagunya karhulumente kunye namanye amagunya ezifana thuba, njengoko sokongezelela ixesha nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno abemi '. Ngenxa yoko, i sandiswa kunokwenzeka ukuba imibuzo equlethwe kwisicelo, ufuna ingcaciso engaphezulu evela kweminye imibutho. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba ngokwabaya impendulo kwi sicelo uthumela ukuba lo mbutho isicelo esinjalo kunye isaziso ngaxeshanye ukwandiswa yokulungiselela yempendulo-sicelo. Ukwandiswa Akavumela ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.

Izikhalazo nezibheno

Le ixesha nokuqwalaselwa kwezibheno abemi 'ukuba umtshutshisi okanye naliphi na iqumrhu likarhulumente iphenjelelwa kakhulu inkqubo lwangaphakathi, nto leyo ethatha indawo umbutho, emva kokuba umenzi-sicelo ubhalisiwe kwi-ofisi isikhalazo okanye ingxelo. izenzo olumisiweyo entsimini ukukhusela amalungelo abemi ukuba zisebenza kakuhle ngurhulumente libonelela ukuba amagosa zemibutho abanjalo kufuneka ukuba ijongane nemiba okanye namacebiso sicelo lonke iinxa zonke, ibe banzi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ii-arhente zikarhulumente wasinika uluhlu olubanzi ngakumbi amalungelo ngaphezu koko iyafumaneka kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, abasebenzi bakarhulumente kufuneka ilungelo lokucela phantse naluphi na ulwazi oluvela kweminye imibutho. Kakade ke, inkululeko enjalo inyathelo kuphela ubuchule umqeshwa kunye mfihlakalo vika.

Ukuba amalungelo oluntu okanye nenkululeko aye anyhashwa, kwaye umkhonzi yoluntu apha ekuhambeni kokuqwalasela isikhalazo okanye isityholo lusekiwe, uya kuba nelungelo ukwenza amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukubuyisela umdla yephule umntu.

On the izibophelelo ezisemthethweni ebekwe ezithile. main umsebenzi wayo - ukunika impendulo esibhaliweyo isibheno, echaza ngenyameko indawo karhulumente. Omnye umsebenzi - umyalezo echaza ukuba isibheno zithunyelwe kwezinye umbutho.

Ixesha kokuqwalaselwa ummi, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kancinane ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Unethuba lokwandisa ukuba ufuna ukuthumela isicelo kwiqela lesithathu. Uwiso-mthetho malunga loo mntu wesithathu, elinokuba yi igunya zaseburhulumenteni babophelelekile ukuba ulungiselele kwaye ulwalathiso impendulo kwigunya ecela zingaphelanga iintsuku ezilishumi elinantlanu.

Impendulo ithunyelwe njengommi kwi yeposi echaziweyo kubo, yaye nge e-mail. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni kukhetha ukuba umfaki-sicelo.

Abanye imeko non-standard

Kakade ke, asingabo bonke abantu ziyazithobela iimfuno isicelo kwifomu nesiqulatho izicelo nezibheno. Ngoko ke, lo mthetho ukwakhusela amalungelo amagosa ezicinga izikhalazo abemi '. Ngoko ke, ukuba akukho isibheno sifakwe idilesi okanye engaziwa (hayi data ebhalelwe elikhankanyiweyo), ngoko ke isicaka yoluntu unalo ilungelo lokuba aphendule. Ukuba kweso sibhengezo eziqulathe ulwazi malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho, umntu ogunyazisiweyo linyanzelekile ukuba ziyithumele imibutho ayamileyo, enokuba yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Interior, FSB, njl

Isikhalazo embi, ngokutsho ngummi, isigqibo kwakhona ingqalelo namagunya. Xa isithuba esingadlulanga kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe umsebenzi kwalo mbutho unyanzelekile ukuba uphendule isikhalazo esinjalo, nezicacisa njani umgwebo (isibheno, Ephakamileyo, njalo njalo. N.) Ukuba kufuneka isibheno.

Ukuba ngxelo iqulathe ulwimi ekhubekisayo ummi, kuquka engcolileyo, umkhonzi yoluntu iya kuba ilungelo ukuphendula kuyo okanye ukunika impendulo ukuba ukuziphatha okunjalo ungummi ayamkelekanga.

Isikhalazo okanye ingxelo, okubhaliweyo yayo angafundekiyo ngokupheleleyo, musa ezifuna impendulo, kwaye ukuba izibheno ezinjalo ukuqaphela ukujongana igama ngummi, ngoko isaziso malunga akunakwenzeka ukulungiselela impendulo ithunyelwa kuye.

Ngamanye amaxesha practice, kwaye amaxesha xa abemi ngamalungelo nayiphi na imeko, uthunyelwa izicelo mandla zoluntu kunye nezikhalazo kunye iingxoxo efanayo kunye nemibuzo. Ukuba oku kuboniswa njalo, kwaye impendulo yonke imibuzo enjengale sele ngokunika ngummi, intloko lombutho unalo ilungelo lokuwuphelisa incoko nomntu onjalo. Le ngummi kufuneka aziswe. Kodwa ke, ukuba wenza isigqibo esinjalo, ukuba ngummi unyango efunyenwe kwi-arhente enye karhulumente, yaye eneneni akukho nanto intsha.

Izikhalazo abemi, ithuba ingqalelo awo liphelile, yaye ukuphendula loo ukuxelwa ezifunekayo naziphi na izinto ezifihlakeleyo ekhuselweyo (umzekelo, zebhanki okanye zorhwebo), nazo ingqalelo hayi ngokuthanda sicelo. iingxelo ezinjalo ziya kubonelelwa impendulo ebhaliweyo.

Xa ekupheliseni iziphene kwingxelo, ummi unelungelo lokubhena yesibini.

reception siqu

Olunye uhlobo unyango na ekuthiwa-welcome lobuqu abantu. Oku iinkokheli wombutho jikelele wenziwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli lungelo sisenokwamkelwa, kunye nabanye abantu abagunyazisiweyo. iitshati ukwamkelwa zobuqu kufuneka zifakwe ngqo kwiziko, kwakunye kwi website esemthethweni (ukuba zikhona).

Ukuze ufumane kule ndlela umntu kufuneka athathe yokundwendwela okanye olunye uxwebhu leyo engqina ungubani. Igosa ozinika abemi, kufuneka igcwaliswe ikhadi ezizodwa, apho wenza amabango, iingcebiso, izikhalazo ummi iye isicelo ngomlomo. Ukuba yonke imibuzo kunye nezikhalazo zabemi zisekuhleni ukuba kuqwalaselwa yaye ukunika impendulo ekhawulezileyo, kwenzeka ntoni emva koko ntoni, ezamkelela ikhadi ubeke uphawu ahambelanayo. Ukuba impendulo ifuna ukulungiswa kunye nohlahlelo meko, oko inikwe kule impendulo ebhaliweyo zilandelayo. Ixesha ingqalelo ngummi kule meko iyafana iintsuku ezimashumi mathathu.

Ezinye ulwamkelo lobuqu cishe akukho wumbi enaningamkelanga kuxoxwe ngasentla indlela unyango. Esi sicelo kwakhona ukwala sihlola isikhalazo, ukuba iimpendulo ukuba sele unike.

Abanye abemi (ngokwentlalo iindidi asesichengeni kwabemi) banelungelo i iintloko ulwamkelo engaqhelekanga.

Ukuba ixesha zaphazanyiswa

Ukophulwa ngokoMthetho ingqalelo kwabemi ibandakanya uxanduva elisekwe imithetho eRashiya. Ukuba kwenzeka imeko enjalo, ummi unelungelo lokuba ubhale isikhalazo konegunya elingaphezulu, kwakunye ne-ofisi yomtshutshisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba imiqathango aphulwe, ke igunya zokusuphavayiza uya kuthatha amanyathelo, impendulo anikwe ummi ngoko nangoko. Kuba abenzi bobubi abo benza lo umthetho, kuthathwe amanyathelo angqingqwa, kubandakanya amanyathelo yoxanduva oluleko. Le yokugqibela ziquka izimvo usola kunye nokupheliswa kwempangelo.

Phantsi ingqalelo umthetho federal ufuna ukuba naluphi na unyango, ngaphandle kwezi zichazwe ngasentla, kuba phantsi kophononongo enyanzelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezithile, abasebenzi karhulumente nokuba kufuneka uye kwindawo enxulumene unyango.

Ngoko ke, lo lunyhasho ngokwemigaqo wokuqwalaselwa abemi - yinto sono silingenwe ngurhulumente. Ukwazi ezi nkalo, uyakwazi ngokulula uzikhusele yeetawuli izisebenzi bonakele.

ukulahleka

umthetho Federal umisela imisebenzi kuphela ngasentla. Ukongeza, lo mthetho echazwa ithuba kwakhona umonakalo evela abenzi bobubi. Umzekelo, ukuba ukucela ingcaciso okanye izikhalazo ummi idilesi yakhe wabonisa ulwazi bobuxoki, umzimba egunyazisiweyo urhulumente umntu unelungelo kwixesha elizayo lokuhlawulisa kuyo ngokusebenzisa iindleko iinkundla ezenziweyo. Kwelinye icala, umsebenzi engasebenziyo yombutho karhulumente, okanye ingcali, wenza ngokuchasene iimfuno zomthetho, ebangela lahleko ngummi ongenise isicelo, kufuneka ndokuhlawula lonke.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlolwa semthethweni yezibheno ukhusela ngokupheleleyo amalungelo abantu ezinxulumene izicelo, izikhalazo kunye nezindululo kumagunya karhulumente. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka ukwazi izikhalazo ngabemi, hayi kuba yintoni na ixesha ingqalelo ongayi ubuncinane kanye ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingamashumi amathandathu, ngokuxhomekeka ingqalelo imbopheleleko kwaye kufuneka ukuba iphendulwe ukuba yenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iimfuno zomthetho.