Uphi i-Angkor Wat eboniswa kwaye ibonakala ngathi?

I-Angkor Wat iyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yamathempeli amaHindu, efumaneka kwinqopu yamandulo yelizwe laseKhmer. Emva kokuba indawo yayo ihlala malunga neekhilomitha ezili-1 000 zeekhilomitha. Kwaye kwindlunkulu yayiphila ngaphezu kwesigamu sezigidi zabantu-inombolo engakaze ibe yinto ye-Middle Ages. Ngoku olu bunzima bezakhiwo lufakwe kwiluhlu lwe-UNESCO njengesikhumbuzo selifa lemveli yoluntu kunye nekratshi leCambodia, ensimini yalo. Kule nqaku, siza kukuxelela apho i-Angkor Wat iboniswa khona kwaye ibukeka njani. Uya kufunda kwakhona indlela umfanekiso wale tempile eyinkimbinkimbi uye wangena ngayo ekugqibeleni ubunzima kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kwinkcubeko.

Yintoni i-Angkor Wat?

Le zakhiwo zetempile yizona zakhiwo ezinkulu zonqulo ezakhayo. Kodwa akukho konke. I-Angkor iyinhloko-dolophu yaseKhmer yamandulo. Isixeko sisasazeka phezu kwendawo enkulu, kwaye inxalenye yayo kuphela ehlala kuyo izakhiwo ezingcwele ezidibeneyo. Siyazi ukuba i-Angkor Wat idluliselwe kuothixo uVishnu, kodwa asiyazi igama langempela le sixeko. Iitempileni zokuqala zakhiwe ngekhulu le-6, kodwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwaso, esiyibona namhlanje, senziwa phantsi komlawuli we-Khmers ye-Suryavarmane II yamandulo (1113-1150). Iipsisi, ezifihliweyo ngexesha lokubekwa kwezitena zokuqala, azifunyanwanga, njengokuba kukho naziphi iirekhodi kumaphepha aloo xesha. Ngoko ke, sinokucinga nje ukuba itektri ebizwa ngokuba nguVara Vishnu-lok (Indawo yeSt Vishnu). Kwaye ekubeni abantu behlala khona ngexesha elidlulileyo, ngolwimi lwendawo lwaziwa ngokuba ngu-Angkor Wat. Kuphi le nkathazo, wonke umntu ohlala eCambodia uyazi, kuba le propati yesizwe yelizwe. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha ayisithupha kumntla wesixeko saseC Siem Reap, eyinkunzi yephondo elifanayo.

Angkor Wat kunye nembali yayo

Umlawuli we-Khmers Suryavarman II wamandulo wayala ukuba akhe apha kwisikhululo sobukumkani bakhe. Kodwa wafa xa i-Vishnu eyinkqantosi eyinkqantosi yayingakapheli. Abalawuli abalandelayo batyelela itrone yabo kwezinye iidolophu. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye i-bas-reliefs zahlala zingapheli. Esi sixeko sazilahleka ngokubaluleka kwayo kwaye i-gloss gloss, "iyancipha" ngobukhulu. Inani labantu liye lahla. Kwaye nangona le ndawo yayingazange ilahlekelwe ngabantu, icawa yahlala ishiywe kwinqanaba le-XV. Nangona kunjalo, umlambo omkhulu okhuselekileyo owawujikeleza i-Angkor Wat yinkqubo yamandulo yayiwukhuselo olusebenzayo malunga nokuqhubela phambili kwehlathi. Uninzi lweetempile lwasinda. Ngoko ke, ngo-1992 ubunzima bentloko yamandulo babanjwa yi-UNESCO phantsi kolawulo lwayo. Ngoku ke umkhangeli omkhulu wezokhenketho waseCambodia.

U-Ankhor Vata "Ukufumanisa"

Kunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani waseYurophu owokuqala afumana amatshabalalo edolophu enkulu elahlekelwe ngaphandle. Mhlawumbi yayiyi-Diogo isiPortugal eyenziwa nguCoutou. Iimpawu zakhe zokuhamba, ezibonisa u-Angkor Wat njengeyinkimbinkimbi ye "izakhiwo ezimangalisayo ezinzima ukuzichaza ngepeni," zapapashwa phakathi kwekhulu le-16. Okanye mhlawumbi kwakungomnye isiPutukezi, umonki uAntonio da Madalena, owabhala ukuba "apha kukho konke ukuqonda okuqingqiweyo okungafunyanwa ngumntu oyedwa." Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, kodwa uwonke-wonke u-Ankhor-Wat wenziwa udumo ngamadoda amabini aseFransi: isithunywa sevangeli uCharles-Emile Bujevo kunye nomhambi uHenri Muo. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 eXIXX. Singaxelela ukuba bafumene iAngkor kunye nabaseCambodia. Kuphela amajoni asePol Pot kuma-70s ekhulwini lokugqibela adinga ukwenza izenzo zonakaliso ngokumalunga nezakhiwo zasendulo.

Yintoni eyenziwa ngu-Angkor Wat?

Isakhiwo sonke setempile sihlangene ngcamango yentaba yaseMeru. Ngokutsho kweenkolelo zamaHindu, kuhlala oothixo. Isakhiwo esikhulu esingcwele sakhiwe kwisitayela esiyingqayizivele, esibonisa ukuphakama kobuchule bokwakhiwa kweKhmer. Iqukethe ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ukuphakama izakhiwo zengxande, eziguqukayo kwiziko. Kukho iintlanu ezintlanu ekujongeni kwe-lotus ehluma. Ephakathi (ngokuphakama ubude beemitha ezingama-65) iphakama ngaphezu kwezinye izakhiwo ngamamitha angama-42. Ingqungquthela yonke ijikelezwe udonga kunye ne-190-meter-wide moat. Awujikelezi kuphela iqonga apho umlando we-Angkor Wat itholakala khona, kodwa negobe yangaphandle. Indlela ephambili ibangela indlela, ecaleni kwendlela apho kukho imifanekiso yeentloko zeentloko ezisixhenxe. Izakhiwo zintathu zidibaniswe neefriji zemihlaba.

Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi

Isibonakaliso sombuso saseCambodia, apho i-Angkor Wat iboniswa khona, inika nje ingcamango jikelele yolubuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa ukuba umntu oye watyelela ubunzima obona. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba iitempile zaseKhmer zazingenakulungelelwa kwiintlanganiso zamakholwa, njengamaKristu. Bavunyelwe ukungena kuphela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zonqulo. Kwaye kwiindonga zetempile, ookumkani baseKhmer bafumana ukuzola kokugqibela. Uyilo lwangaphakathi kunye nolwakhiwo olubanzi lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi luyiyo yonke into. Kwi-first tier yee-galleries ze-parpass kukho iipaneli ezinkulu ezinkulu ezisibhozo ezine-1200 m². Bachaza izigcawu ezivela kwi "Ramayana" kunye ne "Mahabharata", kunye neengqungquthela zembali yaseKhmer. Ngomgangatho wesibini weevenkile, iindonga zihlotshiswe ngamanani amabini ama-apsaras amawaka, amantombazana asezulwini.

Iskimu setempile

Ukuba sicinga umfanekiso we-Angkor Wat ngokwemiyalelo yehlabathi, kuyacaca ukuba ngamnye wabo unesango lakhe-gorupa. Enkulu kunazo zonke zintshona. Kwakungeniso engundoqo "entabeni engcwele". I-Gorupa yayineentonga ezintathu, ngoku zichithwa. Imijelo edibeneyo yayinkulu kangangokuthi ilahleke izindlovu. Ubuso obungasentshonalanga kwodonga olujikelezayo luhlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yokudansa abantu, kwaye isempuma inqunywe yiifestile ze-balustrade. Itheknoloji apho kwakhiwa iteknoloji yayinomdla kakhulu. Amatye omboni ayenziwe ngokucokisekileyo kangangokuthi kwakubonakala ngathi imarble. Ukuhlangana phakathi kweebhloko kungabonakali ukuphawula. Akukho myinge obophayo owenziwe ngexesha lokubeka.

Ubutyebi belizwe

Uphi i-Angkor Wat emele imele, ngaphandle kweengubo zaseCambodia zengalo? Kwiflegi yeli lizwe. Kwaye wabonakala khona ngo-1863, iminyaka emininzi ukususela kwinto eyinkimbinkimbi yayidunyiswa kwihlabathi ngababini baseFransi, uEmil Bujevo noHenri Muo. Umfanekiso wayo wenziwe ukusuka kwindawo apho zonke iintonga ezintlanu zibonakala. Ukuba unzima, hamba endleleni eya entshonalanga, wehla emanyathelo omhlaba. Ngoko uyabona into enhle. "Intaba" ibonakala njengeendawo zokuhlala koothixo. Ngokwazi ukuba kufakwe uluhlu lwezinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi. I-Angkor Wat yenza ingcamango engapheliyo. Ukubonakalisa ubugcisa bolu bunzima bufaniswa kuphela ne-Indian Taj Mahal. Ukongezelela, le ndlu yasendulo yayisinda ngokumangalisayo phakathi kwehlathi elingenabubele.

Lapho i-Angkor Wat iboniswa khona: "I-Vybirayka", Impucuko kunye nezinye imidlalo

Isakhiwo se tempile saseCambodia sele singene ngokungqongqo. Kwaye ke waqala ukusetyenziswa kwisithethe. Ngoko, kwifilimu yonqulo malunga nomphangi wamangcwaba, i heroine yeLara Croft (idlala ngu-Angelina Jolie) iya kukhangela ubutyebi kwi tempile yaseCambodia. Umdlalo we-intanethi waseRussia, ochaza uAngkor Wat, - "Vybiraika." Abasebenzisi bamenywa ukuba bakhethe enye yezithombe ezimbini kwaye bacinge ukuba yeyiphi itempile kaVishnu. Imidlalo ye-intanethi "Impucuko IV" kunye ne "Ukuphakama kwesizwe" kunika ukwakha iAngkor Wat njengenye yezinto ezimangalisayo zehlabathi. Ngamafowuni e-Nokia, iteknoloji yinkcubeko ibonakala kumdlalo oqhelekileyo "iDamond Rush". I-Angkor Wat yenye yeendawo zokudlala "i-Atlantic kwi-line."