Uphi "The Last Sangokuhlwa" yi uLeonardo da Vinci - ngomfanekiso odumileyo

Ukuba uzama ukukhumbula obukhulu yokudweba, leyo yakhutshelwa amaxesha ezingenakubalwa, omnye zokuqala kolu ngcelele ngomfanekiso "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" yi uLeonardo da Vinci. Ndanibhalela iminyaka emibini, ukususela 1495 ukuya 1497, ukususela ekuqaleni Renaissance, ukuba ifumene "ziindlalifa" malunga 20 sale sihloko sinye, ebhalwe ukuwubamba ngebrashi iSpanish, eFransi naseJamani.

Ndimele nditsho ukuthi ukuya Leonardo ezinye sale artists baye basebenzisa eli bali emsebenzini wakhe. Ngelishwa, bemisebenzi yobuciko owayephila zaye ayaziwa de umsebenzi Giotto kunye Ghirlandaio.

ULeonardo da Vinci e Milan

Art abathandi, ingakumbi uLeonardo da Vinci, oko kudala kwaziwa indawo ehlabathini esekelwe dumeke. Kodwa abaninzi abathandi kunjalo bazibuza kanti "The Last Sangokuhlwa" yi da Vinci. Impendulo oku kuya kukhokelela ukuba eMilan.

kwisihlandlo sokudala, imvelaphi yayo elandwa umsebenzi Milan, njengabanye zobomi womzobi, alaziwa ukuba lithetha ukuthini kwaye ngokunzulu kwilivo kangangamakhulu eminyaka.

ULeonardo da Vinci, eyaziwa njenge fan iintsonkotha, iiphazili, yaye imibhalo efihlakeleyo mfihlakalo, washiya ngasemva ezininzi kakhulu iiphazili, ezinye zazo sekunjalo anikezela ngokwenzeka izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke. Mhlawumbi kubonakale ukuba ubomi umsebenzi wegcisa - imfihlo esiqinileyo.

Leonardo and uLudovico Sforza

Ukuvela Leonardo e Milan ixhulumane ngqo igama uLudovico Maria Sforza, uWele Moro. umlawuli Imperious abanamakhono kwiindawo ezininzi inkokheli Duke Moro ngo-1484 wabhala ngenxa yenkonzo leyo sele ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngexesha uLeonardo da Vinci. Emifanekiso engineering italente igcisa kwatsala ingqalelo wemibono nkqubo. Wayefuna ukusebenzisa Leonardo oselula njengomqhubi yiHydraulic, umyili kwezakhiwo yoluntu kunye nobuchwepheshe ingcibi ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi. Kwaye akazange engalunganga. injineli Young aliyeki nokumothusa Moreau ngeentlondi zabo. Kwinkundla luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi babebuzwa uphuhliso zobugcisa iindlela ezintsha ngemipu kunye nezixhobo ukukhanya, lee ngexesha ukwakhiwa iibhulorho kunye neenqwelo mobile for iinjongo zomkhosi, kungenakugqithwa kunye engenakuphikiswa.

Milan. Temple of Santa Maria delle Grazie

Ngexesha Leonardo e Milan apha besele bakha Dominican weemonki. Yaba aksenti engundoqo bobugcisa zakhiwo weemonki, ibandla Santa Maria delle Grazie yokuqukunjelwa phantsi kolwalathiso Donato Bramante, wayesele esaziwa ngexesha womzobi Italian.

Duke Sforza wayecebe ukwandisa indawo yayo indlu, nendawo apha engcwabeni yohlanga lakhe elikhulu. ULeonardo da Vinci owathunywa ukuba basebenze ibali yezibhalo "The Last Sangokuhlwa" ngo-1495. Indawo ngokuba esekelwe zachazwa kwi refectory kwebandla.

Apho ukubona i "Last Sangokuhlwa"?

Kwenza ukuba ukuqonda lula apho "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" yi uLeonardo da Vinci, kuyimfuneko ukuba ayamkele etempileni esitratweni Corso Luhlaza babuye zethu zejele kwicala lasekhohlo, lo annexe. Namhlanje ke zalungiswa. Kodwa Second World War akazange stinted kwi intshabalalo. AmaNgqina bathi emva kokuba itempile lezomoya yatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo yaye yintoni yasala umzobo oseludongeni abasindileyo, ebibizwa nomnye ummangaliso.

Namhlanje, indawo apho i "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" yi uLeonardo da Vinci, kufuna izigidi bathanda imizobo. Ukuze ufumane apha akukho lula. Kwixesha kwabakhenkethi babhukishe indawo kwiqela tour i kuyimfuneko kwangaphambili. Kwaye ukuze kulondolozwe Iindwendwe wobugcisa Sexy eholweni ngamaqela amancinane, yaye nexesha uhlolo kuphela ukuba imizuzu eli-15.

umsebenzi Long kwaye onzima kwi ngomfanekiso

Umsebenzi umzobo oseludongeni ekhawulezileyo. Umzobi wasebenza elingafani, Noko ke, njengazo zonke buchopho. Oko iintsuku eziliqela zange yehla ukusuka ngebrashi, phezu koko, imihla zange umchukumise. Ngamanye amaxesha, kanye emini ebanzi, waba wagibisela yonke waza wabaleka waya umsebenzi wakhe ukuba enze nje omnye stroke brush. Abahlalutyi ufumanise ukuba neengcaciso eziliqela. Okokuqala, igcisa wagqiba opt uhlobo olutsha yokudweba - kungekhona tempera neoli ipeyinti. Oku kwenza ukuba izilungiso rhoqo kwaye ulungise nomfanekiso. Okwesibini, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kwisiqwenga isidlo ivumela amagcisa ukuba kube kanye kwakhona ukunika iimfihlelo associative of the amaqhawe "isidlo Last." Inkcazelo abapostile uthelekiso kunye nabalinganiswa yokwenene, owayephila ngexesha Leonardo, ngoku afumaneka kulo naluphi na ulawulo ukugxekwa art.

Ukukhangelwa kwase kunye nenkuthazo

Ukwenza ukuhamba imihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi, phakathi abarhwebi, amahlwempu, nkqu kwanabenzi bobubi abo, igcisa Nijonge ubuso, ezama ukufumana iimpawu ukudlisa abalinganiswa bakhe. Izakufunyanwa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo zokutyela, ehleli Elucweyweni amahlwempu, uthi kubo amabali akhe esonwabisa. Yena wayenomdla iimvakalelo zabantu. Kwathi kamsinya nje akuba wabamba umdla ngokwakho yobuso, ngoko eboniswe ngayo. Ezinye imizobo zokuzilungiselela eli womzobi eli bali likwazile ukunilondoloza mva.

Inspiration kunye nemifanekiso ukuze wobugcisa elizayo Leonardo afuna kuphela phakathi kwabantu kwizitrato Milan, kodwa phakathi eziyingqongileyo. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye "umqashi" wakhe Sforza, owayebonakele kwi "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" kwi ngesebe yakwaYuda. Legend yokuba isizathu sokuba esi sigqibo yaba Nekhwele artist banal, ngasese uwathanda yintandane iNkosana. Loo ukhetho ubuya kwenza kuphela igcisa ngqindilili. "I iSidlo" ayikho kuphela imfihlo AMAGQABAZA ▸ ikhowudi, kodwa isisombululo izibane ekhethekileyo.

ukukhanya Ehle evela windows ipeyintwe esengqiqweni ngokwenene, kudityaniswa ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo esekelwe ye window, kubekwe phezu kodonga osecaleni. Kodwa namhlanje, oku akuthethi ukuba ukubukela njengoko screen phezu kodonga yinto emfiliba ngokupheleleyo ukuze asindise yobuciko.

Umphumo ixesha ekulondolozweni wobugcisa

Ixesha ngokukhawuleza kwaba ukhetho gwenxa iindlela ukupeyinta. kwiminyaka nje emibini ongakanani wegcisa wabona umsebenzi wakhe litshintshile kakhulu. Painting e-oyile lwalulolwexeshana. ULeonardo da Vinci uqala ukuqhuba ekubuyiselweni lokuqala esekelwe, kodwa kwiminyaka kuphela emva-10. Yena wasondela umsebenzi restoration kunye nabafundi babo.

Kangangeminyaka 350, indawo apho i "isidlo sangokuhlwa sokugqibela" yi uLeonardo da Vinci, yathotyelwa kwimeko ezahlukeneyo izakhi kunye neenguqulelo. emnyango ezongezelelweyo, besika ukuya refectory yi lendela ngo-1600, kakhulu yonakele lo mfanekiso wasedongeni ebewenza, kwaye kwinkulungwane XX ziye zicinywe ngokupheleleyo ezinyaweni zikaYesu.

Phambi kokuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi yesibini umzobo oseludongeni ebuyiselweyo izihlandlo ezisibhozo. Ekwakhiweni ngokutsha ngamnye omtsha imisebenzi zilandelayo kunokudala ipeyinti, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe bayasigqwetha yokuqala. mbali Art benze umsebenzi kunzima ukumisela iingcamango kokuqala uLeonardo da Vinci. Imizobo, imizobo, yokwakheka ukurekhodwa igcisa zigcinwa kwiimyuziyam ezininzi ehlabathini jikelele, kodwa eMilan uthathwa ukuba umnini imisebenzi emikhulu-isikali kuphela ugqibile ngokupheleleyo yi umculi.

Titanic umsebenzi restorers mihla

Ngenkulungwane XX, umsebenzi wokubuyisela i "iSidlo Yokugqibela 'babesele usebenzisa zobugcisa zakutsha nje. Ngokuthe ngcembe, umaleko ngu umaleko lobugcisa uthuli restorers kwekhulu zisuswe nokuvunda kwaye wobugcisa.

Ngelishwa ke, namhlanje, ivunyiwe into yokuba lokuqala esekelwe nje 2/3 nesiqingatha nemibala esisetyenziswe lomculi ekuqaleni awonakalise elahlekileyo. Ukuthintela ngakumbi ukutshatyalaliswa ngomfanekiso namhla kumasango itempile refectory ka Santa Maria delle Grazie igcinwa ukufuma efanayo kunye lobushushu lomoya.

Le yokugqibela Umsebenzi Ukubuyiselwa lwaqhutywa kangangeminyaka engama-21. NgoMeyi 1999, ihlabathi wabona kwakhona nokudalwa uLeonardo da Vinci kaThixo "iSidlo." Milan kumsitho yokuvulwa esekelwe ukuba ababukeli wanikela umbhiyozo grand.