Uphuhliso intetho Ilibazisekile ebantwaneni kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala: oonobangela, iimpawu kunye nonyango

Development kunye nokwakhiwa intetho wonke umntwana uza ngamnye, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Asimele ukuthelekisa omnye nomnye umntwana, kodwa kufuneka awuqonde umahluko phakathi kophuhliso eqhelekileyo aziqhelekanga. Xa i alarm kokulibazisa kwintetho somntwana, ungafuna uncedo leengcali, ukuba isivumelwano kunye ingxaki ngokwayo ayisebenzi.

Ziintoni iimpawu kuzo nokubambezeleka yophuhliso yokuthetha abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3? Ke kaloku, ukuba alamu? Oku kuya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Norms zophuhliso lolwimi umntwana

Ekuqaleni, wonke umntwana ophilileyo izalwa ngubani na ukuthetha. Lonke unxibelelwano nabazali oko kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa imvakalozwi eyahlukileyo ekhala. Yaba kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha nangenkathalo olufanelekileyo kukusekwa kunye nophuhliso yokuthetha, oko kukuthi inani izigaba. Ngamnye kubo kubalulekile, kwaye ngaphandle kokuvala olunye, asiyi kuba nako ukufunda ukufunda umntwana. Umsebenzi iphambili abazali - ixesha ukuqaphela kunceda ukuba umntwana nobunzima.

Uphuhliso intetho Normal kuthathwa, ukuba kweminyaka leenyanga ezi-2 no-5, umntwana uqala ukuba gulit. Nge emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ukufunda ukubiza iisilabhili ngamnye, wangena ixesha ukubhibhidla. Kunye iinyanga 11 yamagama yokuqala ukuvela. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-2-3, umntwana akwazi ukwakha izivakalisi zokuqala ezilula. Kwiminyaka emithathu, umntwana akwazi ukwakha iingcinga zabo ibe itekisi encinane oluhlangeneyo, ngentloko ze acengceleze umbongo kunokuba elifutshane.

Formation of intetho kunyaka wokuqala wobomi

Kunyaka wokuqala wobomi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuyilwa efanelekileyo inkqubo ntetho komntwana. Ngeli xesha, uye ubesoloko ethatha ukuphuhlisa amalungu ingqondo, nokuva, intetho. Indibaniselwano evumelanayo kula macandelo kuvumela ukuba bathethe malunga nempilo wosana olo. Ukuva intetho somnye umntu, yena uzama ukukhuphela ithowuni yokuqala yesithethi, uze ukupapasha izandi ezifanayo kunye amagama.

Iinyanga yokuqala yobomi umntwana uthetha izandi engaqondanga, ngokuthe ngcembe ukuqeqesha izixhobo kwezwi. Emva koko waqalisa ukuba awathethe ezi zandi ngelizwi singsong, abangena kwinqanaba of Gulen. Kunye iinyanga ezintathu usana uphendula ukuxelisa omdala iisilabhili ngamnye, kunye nesiqingatha uxela ngokucacileyo eyahlukileyo sound mix. Ngu iinyanga 9 babbles. Ngeli xesha ikhula zokucacisa, uzama kwakhona ukuba umntu omdala ukuze amagama athile. Oluphuculweyo ukuva ilizwi, kwimbono izinto, nokuqonda zingafumaneka ukuba omdala.

Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wobomi usana sele uyakwazi ukuphinda amagama athile. awaziyo inamagama malunga 10 ebandakanya samalunga ezifanayo. ENatyisiweyo uluhlu bezinto ukuluqonda. Uyazi amagama omthandayo, uyakwazi ukwahlula ngubani kuboniswe kumfanekiso.

Uphuhliso intetho ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu

Ukususela ngonyaka umntwana iqala ukuba bathathe ukuhamba esithubeni, ukuba basebenzisane kunye nenani elikhulu lezifundo. Oku nje kodwa kuchaphazela uphuhliso intetho yakhe. Kukho amagama okuqala ngezenzo lo gama yokuqaphela le. isigama UMSI uya yaye ngokuthe ngcembe ilizwi lenguqu lakhe esebenzayo. A umntwana omdala xa kudibene izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ufunda ukuba iimeko kubo.

Emva kweminyaka enye enesiqingatha ntetho yomntwana kuvela izivakalisi zokuqala ezilula, ngokufuthi ezibandakanya amagama amabini okanye amathathu. Ke itakane ufunda isininzi, yaye emva kweminyaka emibini uhlobo lwetyala isebenzisa. Uphuhliso intetho Ilibazisekile ebantwaneni kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala kwafunyaniswa ukuba umntwana akakwazi. Kodwa ngaba kubalulekile nokungoyiki ngoko nangoko? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukufumana isizathu.

Izizathu ukulahlwa

Kutheni kukho ukulibaziseka yophuhliso yokuthetha ebantwaneni? Izizathu inokuba nomahluko. Kuba ukulungiswa ngempumelelo iingxaki kwintetho umntwana kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ngokucacileyo ingxaki nokufuna ingcali kuyimfuneko. Izazinzulu baye bakwazi izizathu eziphambili:

• Iingxaki kuphuhliso Esibelekweni.
• ukulimala zokuzalwa.
• kuhlukunyezwa Head besebancinane.
• ukuhlukumezeka Psychological, zila uphuhliso neuropsychological.
• Ukuva iingxaki.
• contact omdala Limited kunye nomntwana.

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba impilo yomntwana ilele ngexesha lokukhulelwa lomfazi, xa kwasekwa onke amalungu, ingqondo asakhasayo inoxanduva yokusekwa nophuhliso yokuthetha kwixesha elizayo. izifo ezosulelayo, kwentlungu, unyango isibulala-zintsholongwane, yokuphila mpilweni umama okhulelweyo kunokukuchaphazela kakubi nje impilo usana, kodwa ke uphuhliso psyche yakhe. izifundo ezininzi zibonise nefuthe elibi ngentetho komntwana, uya ukonzakala ekuzalweni. Kwaye ngoko kusenokuba ukulibaziseka yophuhliso yokuthetha ebantwaneni emi-3 nangaphezulu.

kuhlukunyezwa Head besebancinane, mala, kakhulu izifo ezosulelayo kunye iingxaki, ntshikilelo, neurosis - onke kuchaphazela zombini uphuhliso lomzimba somntwana xa bebonke, kwaye intetho ethile.

iingxaki nokuva nempembelelo embi kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye ukuyilwa yokuthetha. Kule meko kukho ukulibaziseka yophuhliso yokuthetha ebantwaneni kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Akwenzeki ukuba ukufundisa umntwana ukuba adlale izandi, ukuba akazange eve okanye ukuqonda. Mhlawumbi oku nje isenzeko yethutyana ezinxulumene nesi sifo, izifo indlebe okanye ubukho cerumen. Okanye ukugula kakhulu, ezifana kuzwa. Kuxhomekeka ngobungakanani sifo yabelwa otolaryngologist echanekileyo unyango.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukulibaziseka yophuhliso yokuthetha ebantwaneni iminyaka emi-3 iyapheliswa at contact yayo rhoqo nabantu abadala. Abazali Ungathetha nomntwana wabo kudala ngaphambi kokuba afunde ukuba uphendule kubo. Ezi oluvuselela ingqondo, iimvakalelo ezintle, yaye ngenxa yoko lo mbuzo. It waphawula ukuba nabo bantwana ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu akakwazi ukuthetha, kakhulu kamva ukuqala ukuthetha.

Uphuhliso Ulwimi abantwana 3-4 iminyaka: rate kunye nokubambezeleka

iminyaka emithathu ubudala kwafunyaniswa ukuba "ngentetho ukulibaziseka '(spp) kunqabile kakhulu, kwiimeko ezininzi, izifo ehamba ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba nasiphi na isizathu inkxalabo, ukufikelela ngexesha ukuya ingcali nga ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokupheleleyo. Nika ingqalelo eyodwa ukuba usana ngaba bekungayi ukusebenzisana nabanye abantwana. Akazange athathe umdlalo, ngenxa yokuba intetho yakhe Akukwazi kwabanye. Umntwana fast kakhulu kwaye ligwinya yamagama. Ubengemphenduli imibuzo elula. It ayisazi kwaye ayikwazi igama izinto eziqhelekileyo. Phambi ezi mpawu umntwana wakho kufuneka uncedo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezi ngxaki izakulahleka emva ezithile umthambo ezilula kunye nabazali. Ukuba iziphumo akukho iiklasi emva kwexesha elifutshane, kufuneka ubone yincutshe.

Uphuhliso intetho Ilibazisekile ngabantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu

Emva kweminyaka 4, amathuba utshintsho ukusuka ukulibaziseka yophuhliso delay yokuthetha iqola ingqondo kunye nentetho (ZPRR). Oku kungenxa yokuba umba wokungaphuhliswa yokuthetha iyakuqhwalelisa uphuhliso yokucinga, kwaye vice versa, iingxaki zinqanda ukwakheka eqhelekileyo yokuthetha kuphuhliso engqondweni yomntwana. Iindlela ezikhethiweyo unyango kunye nokulungiswa ZPRR ixhomekeke impumelelo kuphuhliso zentetho. Nakuba kunjalo, makuqatshelwe ukuba emva kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala ithuba ukugqiba ngokuphelisa iintsilelo entetho iwela kabukhali. Kwaye emva kweminyaka 6 zonke yi 0.2% kuphela.

Iimpawu le ngxaki

Wazi njani ukuba umntwana ngokwenene ukulibaziseka lophuhliso yokuthetha? Indlela ukuqaphela ecaleni? Oosonzululwazi kunye neengcali bahlule iimpawu-10 eziphambili:

1. Ukunqongophala "indlela imvuselelo" abantu abadala ukuya kwiinyanga-4.
2. Ukunqongophala ukubhibhidla neenyanga ezili-9.
3. Iingxaki kunye ehlafuna kunye ligwinya kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha.
4. Ukunqongophala amagama alula kunye ukungaqondi imithetho ezisisiseko kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha.
5. Isigama akukho kwandiswa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.
6. Ukwehluleka ukwenza izivakalisi ezilula amagama amabini ukuya kwiminyaka 2.5.
7. Engabonakaliyo, wakhawuleza okanye olucothayo kakhulu ukuba iminyaka emithathu.
8. Ukwehluleka ukwenza izindululo zabo kwiminyaka emi-3 okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezivakalisi esibuko abadala.
9. Ukungaphumeleli ukuqonda iinkcazo olulula omdala emva kweminyaka emithathu.
10. Ngokusisigxina umlomo kunye izinkcwe lweenkcukacha, hayi ezinxulumene ne ezikhoyo kuba zisaqala.

Ukulibaziseka Uphuhliso intetho - xa kuyimfuneko ukuba alamu?

Uphuhliso yokukhuluma imida kunokuba imfiliba. Simele singahlali thelekisa umntwana wabo kunye nabanye abantwana. Inkqubo ukubunjwa yokuthetha - ingakumbi ngamnye. Iinzululwazi ziye zabhala amakhwenkwe ukuqala ukuthetha kancinci emva kwe amantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti kokulibaziseka kuphuhliso intetho yamakhwenkwe ngasentla.

Ukuba umntwana lowo uneminyaka emithathu ubudala uyazi kakuhle omdala yena owenza isicelo sakhe, yaye akukho kulibaziseka iqola ingqondo, ngoko musa ukothuka. Ukuba usana ukubandezeleka intetho kuphela, isizathu silele ukulungela ngamnye ukuba abe iintetho. Ukuba umntwana akafuni ukuthetha kwaphela okanye encinane kakhulu emva kweminyaka emithathu, okanye akucaci, yinto ngesizathu esivakalayo ukuya yincutshe.

Iindlela zonyango kunye nokulungiswa

Iindlela kokulibazisa unyango lophuhliso intetho:

• Medical.
• Iiklasi kunye neengcali.

Ukuba, ngethuba lokuhlolwa ziingcali, ezifana luvo ezingabantwana, umntwana banesifo, yanxulunyaniswa nomonakalo ubuchopho, 'yesitshixo sele inikezelwe amayeza. It ubaleka ukufana kunye nezifundo unyango kwintetho, yokuthanjiswa therapist, yezengqondo umntwana, xa imeko ifuna kuyo.

Iingcali ukunceda abantwana kunye nophuhliso intetho imisiwe

Abazali kufuneka aphakuzele, njengoko intetho kunye nolwimi nophuhliso Ukulibaziseka umntwana ngayo. Oku lijongene inani leengcali:

• Speech therapist.
• Sezifo.
• Luvo.
• Ingcali yokuva ngeendlebe.
• Psychologist.

Wonke umzali kufuneka bazi nini yaye kutheni ufuna ukwenza isicelo kugqirha ethile. iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha ukunceda ukuzisa yokubiza amagama odiyo, zokuthambisa ilizwi izihlunu, ukuphucula amagama.

pathologists Speech badla ukusebenza ngokubambisana kunye owayendifundisa ukuthetha, umsebenzi yale iingcali - ekupheliseni iingxaki kuphuhliso abantwana kunye (okanye) abakhubazeke ngengqondo emzimbeni.

I-luvo iya ukuxilonga kunceda ukuchonga okanye abekele ukonakala kwengqondo. Zengqondo ukunceda Ukuphuhlisa inkumbulo, ingqalelo, izakhono motor omhle izandla ukuze bakwazi ukumelana nonxunguphalo nasengqondweni okuye kwadala ulibaziseko kuphuhliso intetho.

Ingcali yokuva ngeendlebe - ugqirha abasebenzisana unyango wokuva ukuphazamiseka.

ukuvimbela

Intetho Ukulibaziseka umntwana kwiminyaka 3-5 - kuba mnandi kakhulu ukuba yonke intsapho. Umsebenzi isebenzayo ukuthintela le ngxaki ochazwe na unxibelelwano rhoqo kunye nomama wakhe, abadala, ukudala iimeko elungileyo kuphuhliso usana jikelele, unxibelelwano rhoqo nomntwana wakho, funda kuye iincwadi, abambe imihobe. Indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso zentetho edlala izakhono omhle motor kwezandla - umzobo, ngumzekelo ngodongwe, ngomnwe nemidlalo yayisetyenziselwa. Zonke ezi ndlela ziyafumaneka zokuqonda le ndlu. Nokuba iimpawu nokubambezeleka yophuhliso yokuthetha ebantwaneni ukuya kwiminyaka-3 ongekhoyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kuya kufuneka ezona yonxibelelwano, ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki kwixesha elizayo.