Utshintsho emthethweni ungonakala. Umthetho "On Insolvency (wokuphelelwa)"

Umthetho we-Russian Federation malunga imicimbi yoluntu ummiselo iyatshintsha rhoqo. kunokuthiwa kuyo, umzekelo, ububanzi lobudlelwane ematyaleni. Ngokukodwa, umthetho phezu amatyala zemali - kwinani ngezenzo zomthetho, nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke hlengiso kaninzi. Ziziphi ezintsha zakutshanje kwiPalamente equlethwe kule mthombo, bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo?

bokuqonda zomthetho

Ethetha ezintsha ezinxulumene nomthetho yimali, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eRashiya kukho mnye kuphela isenzo olawula zomthetho nezobudlelwane kwicandelo le umba ityala amatyala mali equka imibutho kunye nabemi. Sithetha i-Federal Law №127 «On Insolvency (wokuphelelwa)". Yena yafunyanwa 26.10.2002, i

UmMiselo Bankruptcy abantu

Kangangexesha elide, esi sixhobo elisemthethweni lokulawula ngokupheleleyo ubudlelwane ityala kuphela inxaxheba kwimibutho. Ngaba isicelo kwiinkundla ngokusebenzisa kumagatya alo Mthetho equlethwe amashishini amatyala, kodwa hayi abantu emzimbeni. Noko ke, ngo-2014 kwi-isenzo kwezomthetho longeziwe kumagatya ngenxa apho wafaka bankruptcy waba ithuba kunye nabemi.

Akukho ncam imbono echanekileyo kukuba kukho umthetho eyahlukileyo ungonakala abantu emzimbeni. Oku akunjalo. Wokuphelelwa njengabemi kunye nemibutho ilawula isenzo esemthethweni ebhalwe FZ №127. Kutshanje, kuba kwakhona umthetho amatyala kwamaziko ngetyala.

Ulawulo imilinganiselo kwamaziko credit kunye nemali

Inyaniso kukuba kude Disemba 2014 zingekho., enyanisweni, imizi egcina imali, kulawulwa yi isenzo esemthethweni eyahlukileyo - uMthetho Federal №40, esamkelwa 25.02.1999 Ngubani imithetho enxulumene amatyala zemali, oko amanyene umthombo eqhelekileyo. Enoba ukutolika njani - njengoko isenzo yomthetho olawula yimali yamashishini, iibhanki, okanye umyalelo amatyala abantu - okubhaliweyo yomthetho iya kuba baninzi bemiqathango yawo phindwe, nangona imo yomthetho amaqumrhu asemthethweni amatyala yahlukile.

Ingakumbi ezintsha

Isibakala sokuba lo mthetho amatyala zibandakanya amalungiselelo anxulumene inkqubo kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwabantu zendalo, oya kuthathwa njengomntu yakhawuleza: kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, kangangokuba lo mthetho sele ngoyaba ithuba lolawulo abemi ezikweletini, kodwa wagqiba ekubeni kwakhona sengqondo yayo ukuya kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo msebenzi. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha ngayo ezinye ezintsha ezinkulu-isikali elungisiweyo kwisenzo umthetho ngawo Federal Law №127, ngoko oku kukuba eRashiya kwakukho abantu umthetho ungonakala ngokupheleleyo. Okubhaliweyo isenzo ngokusemthethweni ngehlombe waqalisa ukufunda abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ngokukodwa, abo bakwazi ukuqokelela iintlobo-mboleko baza baqhutyelwa befumana ubunzima kunye iintlawulo zabo.

Emva kokuba umthetho ezichaphazelekayo ifumene imbono epheleleyo, eRashiya kwabakho umthetho amatyala abantu bendalo, oosomashishini, iinkampani zoshishino - Ukuhlela ezintsha sisaqhubeka senziwe yi-mthetho. Ukuba siyahambelana ezahlukahlukeneyo iinkalo somxholo unxulumano ematyaleni. Umsebenzi wethu - ukuqwalasela isitshixo.

Regulator ingqalelo amaqumrhu asemthethweni

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlengahlengiso kutshanje zinxulumene ikakhulu ukuba unxibelelwano ebandakanya amashishini. Umsebenzi abantu kodwa ilawulwa imimiselo efanayo, kodwa ngokwabo ezintsha kakhulu. Utshintsho umthetho imilinganiselo yokutshintsha zakutshanje eyamkelwe-29 Disemba 2014, kungathathwa ezinxulumene ngqo kumashishini (nangona xa sijonge ezinye zazo ezinokuchazwa ngokunxulumene kubemi). Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku, igama elithi "unetyala" sithetha, kuqala, iqumrhu elisemthethweni. Loo malungiselelo, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa, zisebenza ngokupheleleyo kwimibutho.

Ukusebenzisana kweebhanki ne ulamlo

Utshintsho umthetho ungonakala zakuphatha kulo mba, njengoko impefumlelwano nababolekisi - ubume imibutho zebhanki, kunye neenkundla kulamlo. Ngokungqinelana intuthuko amaziko zemali banikwa ilungelo lokuba isicelo umzekelo data, nokuba ukuba ngaba isigqibo senkundla yolawulo jikelele ukuze ade achache kuloo mali sonetyala. Ngale ndlela, le amaziko amatyala bafumene indawo engcono correlative ukuya ngqibelelo lwezigqeba wokhuphiswano, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, kufuneka ukuba kwiimeko ezinjalo ezandleni isigwebo.

iinkundla ubuncinane

Kwi ezintsha esihambelanayo ababolekisi kwafuneka ukuba aye enkundleni ngokomyalelo leenkqubo amanyathelo. Emva koko, kwafuneka alinde isigqibo ziya kwenziwa kwi ingqalelo kwityala umboleki kunye nemfuneko yokuyikhangela. Inqanaba elilandelayo kwakunxibelelene okulindelekileyo de isigqibo senkundla uqalisa ukusebenza. Ukongeza, le unetyala na usenokufaka isibheno, nto leyo iza kufuna ukuba umbolekisi inxaxheba izilingo ezintsha, kwaye kakuhle, kuba xa ngempumelelo ngaye. Ngoku, ke, akuyomfuneko yayibhekisela ukuya enkundleni. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lo mgaqo usebenza kuphela kwiibhanki, oko kukuthi, izakhiwo, ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni njengeziko ngetyala.

Ulandelelwano yezenzo yeebhanki

Iza kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela umyalelo ezinye izenzo ekufuneka, ngokungqinelana kunye ezintsha zomthetho, landela ibhanki kwi kokuqaliswa ungonakala unetyala.

Ngenxa yoko, iziko lamatyala kunye bangene amandla izilungiso abachaphazelekayo, oko kukuthi, ku Julayi 1, 2015, kufuneka ezili-15 phambi unyango kulamlo apapashe isaziso malunga ngenjongo siqalise inkqubo ingqalelo onetyala utshonile. Olu xwebhu ithunyelwa kwiRejista Federal Emanyeneyo ulwazi malunga amaqumrhu asemthethweni esebenzayo. Qaphela ukuba phambi kokuba bangene force of izilungiso Ixesha isaziso efanelekileyo ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30, kunye nemfuneko ukuthumela uxwebhu sokuboleka, kwakunye abatyalwayo ezaziwayo ebhankini.

Ngenxa yoko le ezintsha lowiso Bank ungaqalisa yimali ye umboleki ngaphandle naziphi na izilingo ezongezelelweyo. Ngaphezu koko, yena unelungelo lokuba ukuqala umsebenzi efanelekileyo phambi kwabanye abatyalayo, ngoko, ngolokuqala wafumana ziyisebenzise amaxwebhu ayimfuneko enxulumene umsebenzi onetyala.

Ukukhetha ulawulo ixesha imisiwe

Utshintsho emthethweni ungonakala abachaphazelekayo kwinkalo inkqubo ngokuqesha umphathi yethutyana. Phambi ezintsha onetyala unelungelo lokukhetha umntu owenza imisebenzi ezichaphazelekayo ngokusekelwe kwi ozithandayo. Xa sele zivunyiwe iinguqu kwi-mthetho, ulawulo kwexesha ababelwe Ukukhetha ejikelezayo. Noko ke, akuzange kube kumiselwe indlela ethile efana draw. Kulo mba, umphathi wethutyana uya kuqeshwa yinkundla ukuba ukuvunywa imithetho iindlela eziyimfuneko.

Phambi ezintsha obolekayo ukuba onyule umphathi lowo, enyanisweni, uxanduva kwinkampani. Umntu ophethe esi sikhundla, akaba nako ukuthintela inkampani unetyala laqhubeka ukusebenza. Kwakhona kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ecaleni, ukuba "umphathi wakhe" bakubetha ngoyaba iingxaki yokwenene yemali onetyala. Luhlala kungenzeka ukuba iimfuno lobhaliso akuyi kubandakanya amatyala abo amabango abo akunqwenelekile ukuba mboleki. Kwakhona, umphathi, oqeshwe onetyala, sinokunceda nkampani ukuba enze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo mthethweni, efana nokuvelisa efihlakeleyo izibakala ezithile ezinxulumene inkundla kunye amatyala.

Zeziphi iinkqubo zifuna utshintsho unetyala ngokwasemthethweni ungonakala? Phambi kokuba uthumele isicelo enkundleni, ukuba umboleki kwabakhwetha iinkqubo ingqalelo amatyala zemali, kufuneka ipapashe isaziso enxulumene lo msebenzi kwiRejista emanyeneyo. Emva koko baqeshwe ngokungakhethiyo trustee e yimali, kodwa, njengoko sibonile ngentla apha, ngoxa le nkqubo azilawulwa, kwaye ukukhetha umntu kwindawo efanelekileyo na kwisakhono lentendelezo.

Ubukhulu benani ityala

Utshintsho mthetho amatyala eyachukumisa phezu iinqobo ezifana isixa ubuncinane ematyaleni, elivumela ityala amaqela umkhwetha awile. Kule meko sithetha onetyala-imibutho kuphela. Phambi amatsha elihambisana ixabiso 100 lamawaka. Thambisani. (Kuba bodwa yendalo -. 500 ths). Emva uhlengahlengiso kwimithetho aye anda amanani: wokuphelelwa uyakwazi uzakwenziwa ukuba inkampani kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-300 lamawaka, kwaye ukuba ngaba ubume esinakho zendalo, - ukususela engange million 1 ... mthetho amatyala abantu, ngokukodwa, waphawulwa ngenxa yeemeko ezingqongqo kule nkalo ixabiso ubuncinane ityala: imilinganiselo ommi kuphela kunokwenzeka ukuba lithathe kwaye akakwazi ukuhlawula 500 amawaka engange .. and more. Uhlengahlengiso kulo mgaqo de mthetho akazange akwenze.

Amalungelo amatyala kuqiniswe

Utshintsho emthethweni ungonakala yabangela intetho ukuba yafumana ababolekisi - abo amabango olubekwe yi-asethi ezithile ibekwe kwipropati onetyala leyo, wafumana amalungelo ezongezelelweyo. Yiphi na? Ngokukodwa, ilungelo lokuvota ezintlanganisweni apho imiba ziyasonjululwa kwi ukhetho yolawulo, kwakunye ukubhenela inkundla malunga ukususwa komntu kwizikhundla ezifanelekileyo engokutshintshwa yenkampani kulawulo yangaphandle. Phambi ezintsha nababolekisi mortgage ukuba basebenzise ilungelo labo lokuvota rhoqo kuphela kwinqanaba lokuqaphela.

swihlawulekisi lukhuselekile emva kokwenza utshintsho mthetho wanikwa ilungelo ukulungisa ixabiso lokuqala ngummeli wowona ulungileyo, kwakunye indlela apho iithenda kufuneka iqhutywe. Ukuba uluvo abadlali abafanelekileyo ubudlelwane amatyala akayi kufumana nokuqonda kunye nabanye abathabathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yimali, ityala yinkundla kufuneka angenelele.

Ukuba inkampani, nto leyo ithathwa utshonile, ukutshintshwa asethi ikhutshwa phandle, umzekelo, xa ngokwesiseko nkampani owadalwa namaqumrhu zoshishino eziliqela, babatyalayo kuqiniswe anelungelo baneliseke izicelo zabo ngeendleko-asethi equity.

Nababolekisi ezichaphazelekayo didi banikwa ilungelo ukugcina ngummeli wowona kwinkqubo abhide. Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka wenze umnikelo loluntu ukuba isicelo malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba efandesini olu hlobo efumanekayo. Oku, ngokutsho iingcali, angacaciswa yindlela eyongezelelweyo lokukhusela izilangazelelo amatyala ezikhuselekileyo.

Ithuba engabekwa

Phakathi kwezinye iimbalasane, owazise izilungiso umthetho phezu ezikweletini, uyakwazi ukwahlula indlela apho i abatyalwayo imilinganiselo angabanga ukuba ixesha lilinganiselwa ngokunxulumene nezinye izifundo ematyaleni, lo mboleki ukubeka phambili ibango iphelelwe lixesha. Ngaphambili, kungenzeka akwenziwanga kubonelelwe umthetho.

Uxanduva isaziso kwangexesha imilinganiselo

IiNtloko mveliso, apho befumana ubunzima zemali, isishiya ukuthetha malunga ukubonakala iimpawu ezikweletini, zinyanzelekile ukuba azise abanini. Ukuba umlawuli we lombutho engazifezekisi olu xanduva, ngokunxulumene kuye unokohlwaywa-mali ka-25-50 amawaka. Thambisani. Unako kwakhona uqaphele ukuba toughen izohlwayo kwezinye izenzo ezingekho mthethweni kolawulo lenkampani xa filing bankruptcy.

Wokuphelelwa ufanele abe sengqiqweni

Ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe utshintsho umthetho yimali, naziphi na izizathu ukupheliswa amatyala, isifundo apho - lalingabonelelwanga imilinganiselo. Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, ekufumanekeni kwinkundla nayiphi kakubi yi umqalisi yeengxoxo imilinganiselo akasayi kuza naziphi na iziphumo zomthetho. Umthetho omtsha uthi isibheno kwinkundla, isihloko apho - ukuqalisa inkqubo ingqalelo onetyala otshonileyo, kufuneka mazingapheleli semthethweni ngokusesikweni. Kubalulekile ukuba mboleki otshonileyo, enyanisweni.

Ukuba kunjalo, inkundla ifumanisa ukuba unetyala okanye otyalwayo owaqala zingekho., siyazi ukuba eli ziko lifanelekileyo nazinkinga, oko kukuthi uleqa iingeniso, inkqubo inganqunyanyiswa ngokusemthethweni. Nje, kambe ke, ukuba ixesha umboleki azilahleki pay. Lelo lungiselelo ivumela iinkundla ukuthintela okukhona phakathi abanamatyala imali, nto leyo, ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo wawunesisa kubo, kodwa ngaxeshanye, umonakalo namanye amaqela anomdla.