Wokuphelelwa (amatyala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni: ingqiqo kunye nabalinganiswa, iimpawu, iimpawu ngokubanzi, ummiselo osemthethweni. mthetho amatyala (ungonakala) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni

Ingcamango amatyala (ungonakala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni ayikho ngondiva eziqhelekileyo abakhonzi bakarhulumente, oosomashishini, iingcali, nabafundi imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye esemthethweni. Umntu evela zingagilani kunye amatikiti elide shtudiruet phambi koviwo, umntu abhale kwikhosi okanye uphando iphepha. Kweli xesha kamva kwaye nzima ubomi isenzeko ezifumaneka ezintendelezweni, amaqumrhu karhulumente, engena iiKomiti ezahlukeneyo okanye - umandundu - njengoko nomnini wenkampani utshonile. iinkcukacha Okuninzi lobutyhila iimpawu amatyala (ungonakala) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni.

Wokuphelelwa: ingqiqo jikelele

Ukuba sicinga gama nefom, ixabiso layo - amatyala. kuvela iimeko ezinjalo xa inkampani okanye umntu akakwazi ukuhlawula off izibophelelo zabo kwiibhanki, abasemagunyeni irhafu, abathengisi kunye nezinye iindidi amatyala.

Noko ke, maxa wambi ekudla ngokuba umntu ongenamali abangaphangeliyo ngubani yaphela impilo yabo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi amatyala (imilinganiselo) wezomthetho iqumrhu neemposiso amatyala ukuba zininzi izinto esifana. Beyond nezobudlelwane zoqoqosho zomthetho, xa umntu akukho mali okanye hayi kwanele ukuba uphume ematyaleni, njengokuba kuthiwe, ibizwa ngokuba ungonakala. izenzo zomthetho Regulatory ukunika ulwazi olungaphezulu. On kuyo - ngakumbi.

Wokuphelelwa (amatyala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni ngokwemigaqo yomthetho

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nto ayinakuchazwa yi ngesenzo esisemthethweni enye. Kwi-Russian Federation, umlawuli osemqoka komthetho uMthetho Federal "On Insolvency (wokuphelelwa)" amaqumrhu asemthethweni N 127-FZ ka-2002. Ukongeza isenzo ngasentla, inkqubo kunye ingqikelelo imilinganiselo zilawulwa yi-Code Civil. Emva 127-FZ CC libambe indawo ebalulekileyo kunye nendawo esembindini. Le yokugqibela kwakhona elawula amatyala (imilinganiselo) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu.

Ukongeza, uluhlu ungaquka neminye imithetho federal:

• Federal Law of kaFebruwari 25, 1999 N 40-FZ "On Insolvency (wokuphelelwa)" (njengoko ulungisiwe).
• Federal Law of Juni 24, 1999 N 122-FZ "Ngomhla awohluke of amatyala (ungonakala) lwezifundo ze abadibeneyo amafutha endalo kunye nezintsonkothileyo amandla."
• RF Resolution Government of Februwari 3, 2005 N 52 "Ngomhla regulatory igunya onoxanduva iliso imisebenzi lwemibutho self-elawula labaphathi ulamlo".

Kwakhona kuquka nezinye uMthetho Federal abaninzi Insolvency (wokuphelelwa) labantu ezomthetho, ezisetyenziswa Ngokuhambelana nemeko ethile.

Izenzo ngasentla ziquka nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ezifana:

• onetyala;
• umboleki;
• amatyala (ungonakala) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni;
• iintlawulo umyalelo.

Njengoko unetyala abe umntu wemvelo, entrepreneur umntu okanye iqumrhu lomthetho lowo akanako ukuhlawula amabango abatyalwayo wayo izibophelelo emali kunye neentlawulo mandatory ngeli xesha limiswe ngumthetho phezu amatyala (ungonakala) labantu.

Umbolekisi - ngokuqhelekileyo iqumrhu elisemthethweni apho onetyala na isinyanzelo uhlawule ityala zemali.

Wokuphelelwa (amatyala) nento esemthethweni elaziwayo yi sokugweba arbitral. Bendiqonda Ukungakwazi le unetyala yokwanelisa ibango otyalwayo ngokuphathelele iimfanelo zemali.

Iintlawulo uwunikela - na irhafu, imisebenzi kunye nemirhumo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlawulo, umzekelo, ingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi okanye i-inshorensi yezempilo umsebenzi.

Ngokubanzi, ummiselo ngokusemthethweni ukuhlawula amatyala (ungonakala) yequmrhu esemthethweni inkqubo noko ezintsonkothileyo. Le interweaving yeseti imithetho umthetho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwakunye nezibonelelo kunye namanqaku kweKhowudi Civil, esicacisa isenzeko sokutshona (ungonakala) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Ngokufutshane ke kunzima ukuchaza.

Ngokuya nokugcina irekhodi

Concept kunye iimpawu amatyala (ungonakala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni kuquka nobuninzi lweziqalelo. Xa siqwalasela inkqubo ukwenzela ukuba kube nokuqatshelwa amatyala ngenxa yokuba kwinkundla yomthetho, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, isibakala sokuba imilinganiselo kukuseka kulamlo. Ingongoma yalo kukulungisa sibe sibi phakathi kwishishini kunye amatyala ngokusemthethweni. Eyona njongo ephambili - to ngempumelelo awabe-asethi nkampani kunye nethuba ukwanelisa iimfuno omabini amaqela ungquzulwano - ezizezi ishishini kunye amatyala.

mthetho amatyala (ungonakala) of amaqumrhu asemthethweni afunde umbutho kucingwa otshonileyo ukuba isibophelelo ahlawule amatyala ziye ingazaliseki zingekapheli iinyanga ezintathu ukususela kumhla nobunjubaqa.

Ukongeza, lo mthetho inika ithuba lokuba imibutho ukuphucula ubume amatyala abo, kodwa kuphela phantsi kweliso inkundla arbitral, iibhanki ngokwabo, kwakunye iimvumelwano ezizodwa kunye nolawulo, oluya kubhalwa ku.

Wokuphelelwa ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho umbono

Ngokubanzi, inkcazelo iyafana ezisemthethweni. Concept kunye iimpawu amatyala ungonakala yequmrhu elisemthethweni; kulo mzekelo, kukho ukusilela kwakuthetha ukuba ukuya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo okanye athinjwe okanye yokuyikhangela. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umbutho-obolekayo akakwazi ukuhlangabezana namabango amatyala '.

Oku kwenzeka xa kukho iimpawu ezithile ezikweletini, okt. E. Izizathu ngenxa apho inkampani akakwazi ukuhlawula amatyala ayo. Oku kuquka, umzekelo, ulawulo ephosakeleyo inkampani, nini, ngenxa yokuba izenzo zolawulo okanye abantu abenza imisebenzi ethile, inkampani baqalisa ukuthwala nokulahleka ngcembe zonakale. Esinye isizathu isenokuba bume zangaphandle: kukuhla kunyuka elibukhali kwemfuneko iimveliso okanye iinkonzo, iimeko zoqoqosho lwehlabathi, ezifana nokuxhuma kumazinga exchange, kwakunye ukungena okhuphisana ngamandla, okanye entengo. Ngamanye amaxesha imeko yezopolitiko zingachaphazela, ezifana ukwayo. Kwakhona apha ekunokuthiwa izinto zobugcisa - iingxaki iintlawulo zebhanki okanye ukungasebenzi kwesixhobo sekhompyutha kwimeko kwiinkampani zemali ezahlukeneyo bagxeke.

Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela yokusilela ingaba izenzo ngabom zolwaphulo labaqeshwa mbutho, ezifana lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu okanye intlawulo ematyaleni, kwakunye ukubanjwa okanye ukurhoxiswa impahla yenkampani. Noko ke, izenzo ezinjalo wohlwaywe ngokungqongqo phantsi Code Criminal.

Iimpawu ze amatyala (ungonakala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni

Ngaphandle ezinqabileyo, phantse naliphi na ishishini lingonakala ngephanyazo. Phambi kokuba mbutho uye phase amatyala, uya kufumana eziliqela zokugweba, nibizwayo bebonke seNdebe ungonakala.

Umqondiso ngokusesikweni - ekungakwazini ixesha elide ukuhlawula neemfanelo zabo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokubanzi, ukubonakala kwazo nalo okumisela amanyathelo asemthethweni.

Xa uphicotho ehlanganisiweyo ngempumelelo ngakumbi ingqalelo kweempawu sesikweni of ungonakala. esweni rhoqo imikhwa enjalo, inkampani ikuvumela ukugcina nje kuphela amatyala, kodwa ukususela kwiinkqubo ezingeyomfuneko enxulumene ekuphuculeni yezimali meko. Iimpawu sesikweni lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe zenyathi ezimbini enemiqathango:

• documentary - ngendlela enye okanye enye uhlobene kwiinkcazo zemali, ingxelo kunye nolawulo kwengxelo;
• ngqo - elidityaniswe ngqo kulawulo inkampani, imodeli ulawulo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo banoxanduva.

Ngoko ke, lo documentary features - abo ngandlel 'ziboniswe kwiingxelo umthamo-mali, kunye namanye amaxwebhu benkampani. Babonakala kwakhona ityala ixesha elide etyalwa amatyala yentlangano, kwakunye notshintsho ngesiquphe phaya kwiphepha lomncono. Umzekelo, oku kusenokuba ukubonakala inani elikhulu kwezibonelelo simahla kwishishini, ukukhula okanye ukuncipha kwezixa zentlanzi, imivuzo ukulibaziseka, efumanekayo enkulu. Ngokubanzi, yinto ezitho utshintsho akugunyaziswanga ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela icandelo zaloo mbutho.

Iimpawu ngqo umntu lowo imilinganiselo yomntu osemthethweni, njengoko umthetho, ngaba yokuqala. Ukusilela imibutho iqala ezinjalo notyekelo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, oko ngokuyintloko utshintsho kulawulo ukuziphatha kwe nkampani okanye abanye abantu abanoxanduva. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banikele ingqalelo ngquzulwano phakathi abaphathi, kwakunye ezintsha ezahlukeneyo boko (ukuzama ukucacisa, amaxabiso ezingonelanga njalo njalo. D.). Ukuba elinye abanini nkampani kabukhali uthengisa izabelo zawo, iza kuba ngumqondiso ngqo imeko embi. Oku kuquka utshintsho elibukhali izicwangciso zexesha elide, isicwangciso yenkampani, oko kunokubangela ahlale abaxhasi, ngenxa iingxaki zemali, nto leyo eza kuvelisa kwityathanga lonke, kuquka ukuvalwa.

kuhlela

Le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba unetyala - enyanisweni, umoya yesibini, nenokuthi ukugcina mbutho. It iqulathe iiseha ezimbini: ulawulo zangaphandle kunye nococeko.

ulawulo lwangaphandle kukudlulisela-asethi onetyala ngokukodwa ungonakala ngumkomishinala. Le nkqubo yenziwa yinkundla. Ukuba iingxaki kwi nkampani athe afakelwa kunye izenzo bangafundanga (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yolwaphulo) lwabalawuli abaphezulu, ulawulo yangaphandle wazise umbutho ngaphandle ntlekele, ingakumbi kwiinkampani ezinkulu ukuba abe inani elikhulu asethi okanye amandla emveliso.

Ukulungiswa - ngomlinganiselo ukuba inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo onetyala. Imithombo imali oloncedo kuba State, ngokwaso umnini-shishini, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ngemali. Amanyathelo anjalo adla ngokusetyenziswa ngokunxulumene ezibalulekileyo ngokwesicwangciso amashishini eli lizwe, ezifana iibhanki okanye izityalo ezahlukeneyo.

ukususwa

Le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukuba ngezigaba le misebenzi kwinkampani ongenamali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la manyathelo lungohlulwa lube ohlobo ezimbini:

• ukumiswa ngokuzithandela (phantsi kolawulo abatyalwayo);
• ngenkani (yinkundla).

Kwimeko yokuqala, umbutho ujika imisebenzi yayo esebenzisa yokuhlala lwabahlali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbolekisi ufumana yipropathi mboleki okanye naziphi na ezinye iindlela zokusombulula ingxabano. Eso sivumelwano nemayisayinwe naliphi na ixesha kwaye nangaliphi na ixesha kwecala ungonakala.

ukumiswa esisinyanzelo ibandakanya kwetyala ixesha elide, nto leyo lo mthetho uza isigqibo imbambano umbolekisi kunye obolekayo. Kulo mzekelo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhathisa zolawulo nokwabiwa kwee-asethi phakathi kweebhanki ziya kusetyenziswa, koko, ukwayo kunokwenzeka nxamnye nabo banoxanduva.

ungonakala Forms

Njengoko umthetho, iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nelungelo lokuba lula lokuhlela. AbaLawula (Bankruptcy) labantu ezomthetho yahlulwe iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezahlukeneyo. Okulandelayo kudweliswe nazo kakhulu rhoqo:

• ungonakala Real. Lubonakala yi ekungakwazini nokuyibuyisa umbutho ukuze nezibophelelo zawo ngenxa yelahleko kunye yimithombo ngokuthe tye kunye namatyala. Ngako oko, ekuqhutyweni kweshishini kwi lweshishini ube nzima. Ngaphezu koko, lo inkundla arbitral atyumbe otshonileyo eqinile ngokusemthethweni.
• Le ungonakala yethutyana. ezinxulumene amaninzi ne-akhawunti ezinkulu ezifunyanwayo, apho inxalenye ebalulekileyo imveliso sele bengahlawulwanga, kodwa wahlala ulwelo. kukhokelela ezifana namatyala ukuba amatyala, kwakunye ngumfanekiso iingxaki kwiingxelo zemali. Ezi meko - akuqhelekanga kwiimeko ezinjalo, sokugweba arbitral okanye abatyalwayo kuvumela ixesha elongeziweyo ngenxa yokwenza izibophelelo. Kananjalo kufuneka yabelwe kwi kolawulo okanye kweliso le nkampani. Ipesenti enkulu ezi nkampani ukubuyisa umsebenzi wabo.
• ungonakala ngabom. It uthwele emibi kakhulu kubalawuli yenkampani. It isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenjongo-asethi ngokufihla, lokubaleka ukuhlawula irhafu, ukuthengisa okanye ukwahlulwa kwepropati, ubusela kunye nezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. iinkqubo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo ajike abe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho esigqeba inkampani, kwakunye izigidi izohlwayo kunye nokuthintelwa ukubamba izikhundla ezithile ixesha elide.
• ungonakala wasentsomini (amatyala) yequmrhu elisemthethweni. Le nkqubo uyafana iintlobo elidlulileyo, kodwa injongo yayo - kukufumana imigaqo kakhulu esihle nababolekisi, ezifana amaxabiso asezantsi inzala kwimali-mboleko okanye intlawulo kuhlehliselwe. Njengokuba inkangeleko sangaphambili ukuhlawula amatyala, kwiimeko ezininzi idala zinganeziphumo ezibi kakhulu esigqeba zenkampani, ukuya kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ke imiqathango eyiyo entolongweni.

Wokuphelelwa abantu

Kulo mzekelo, inika umyalelo eyahlukileyo wokuqwalaselwa amatyala. Relations kunye nabasemagunyeni, iinkundla kunye nabo abatyalayo amanani ngokwahlukileyo. Ngoku ukusebenzisa uMthetho Federal №476-FZ (imilinganiselo yabantu zendalo), owaqalisa ukusebenzisa ngo-2015, ngomhla woku-1 Oktobha. Ngokusekelwe kule senzo yomthetho, nayiphi na ngummi Russian Federation usengabhengeza amatyala alo phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo: i yetyala elingekahlawulwa ngu iinyanga ezingaphezu kwesithathu, kukho amaxwebhu ukuqinisekisa yokungabikho ithuba ukuze aphume ematyaleni (ikopi yengqesho, ubungqina ngqesho, njalo njalo. .), kwakunye mali setyala ngaphaya engange ezingamakhulu amahlanu amawaka.

inkqubo ungonakala luquka izigaba ezithathu. Isigaba sokuqala - isibheno ukuya eligunya, kunye nokungeniswa isicelo nako ukuyiqonda kuphela umntu, kodwa umboleki. Ukulandela le isicelo yomfaki-sicelo, kwaye ukuba uyaneliswa, iya kuqalisa kwisigaba sesithathu - ngqo isimangalo.

Ngoko ke, umntu ovakaliswe ongenamali. Kulo mzekelo, bhala zonke amatyala, kulawulwa ngumthetho, okanye inxalenye yazo ethile. Noko ke, oko kuya kubangela ezinye iimpembelelo ezimbi, umzekelo, asiyi kuba nako ukubamba izikhundla iminyaka emihlanu unetyala, yaye apho kuya kubakho iingxaki ekufumaneni mboleko.

Izindululo for amaqumrhu asemthethweni

Kwimeko ngoosomashishini ukhetho kakhulu ibiya kuba ukuba bangene kwimeko enjalo, xa umngcipheko kwi imeko yemali mbutho mkhulu. Apha uyakwazi ukunceda ukugqibezela imilinganiso yokuthintela ungonakala. Okokuqala ukuthobela yonke imithetho, ingqiqo, ukulawula abasebenzi babo kunye neengxelo, yaye, ke, uphicotho.

Kukho kakhulu inani elikhulu Consulting kunye nophicotho mveliso, iingcali zabucala, outsourcers ezimali, ukusebenza ukude, okanye kufika ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ezi iingcali kunokunceda kuphela ukuthintela ungonakala (amatyala) of iqumrhu elisemthethweni, kodwa ukuphucula ukusebenza oyifunayo nomgangatho womsebenzi xa iyonke.

Ukuba imeko ezingentle kwenzeka, yaye inkampani sikwimo of ezikweletini, kubhetele ukuba ukulibazisa inkqubo ekufuneni ngoko abathile zimbi, kwaye ukwenza ngokuzithandela. Akukho mfuneko yokuba ukuchitha ixesha kunye balahlekise amatyala. Oku kuya kube kubi kuphela imeko kwaye ungadibanisa iingxaki ezongezelelekileyo, ezifana izohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo ngakumbi kakhulu, kuquka izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Kwakhona, ukuba inkampani ayikho ligqwetha abasebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukutsala yingcali ofanelekileyo kukuthi, ukuze abe nako ukunciphisa iindleko yokumangalelana, ixesha le nkqubo, kwaye ugcine yinxalenye yale nkampani ukusuka nokuthengiswa kwempahla.

Ngokuba abantu

Apha izinto zitshintshile: abemi ukuqaphela yimali, uya kufuneka kuwukhusela ngokuqinileyo kwesi sikhundla enkundleni. iimeko Life yahlukile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuhlala nokuhlonipheka, yinto umfanekiso uya kuphumelela inkqubo.

Umthetho on ungonakala labantu ebonakalayo omtsha, ngoko ke kwisimangalo kunokwenzeka ezongezelelweyo kunye iingxaki kufuneka ukuba bajonge oyingcali qualified kule nkalo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - musa ukuzama kakubi lo mthetho, kuba xa uzama ukuvula nenkohliso, kuba ithuba elikhulu kakhulu yokulahlekelwa ipropati, igama, nkqu nenkululeko yabo.