Uphi uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic

I-Osmosis yinkxaso-nye yamacandelo e-solvent ngokusebenzisa i-membrane engenakunqandeka ukususela kwinqanaba elincinci ukuya kwisisombululo esiphezulu. I-membrane engenakunqandekanga yinto enokuthi ilandele iiselflethi kwaye ingenakwenzeka kwiinqununu. Ngenkcazo, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic luxinzelelo lwe- hydrostatic, ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo esisinikiweyo kunokumisa ukudibaniswa kweengqungquthela, oko kukuthi, i-osmosis.

I-Osmosis ixhaphakile kwindalo. Yimpawu yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Uxinzelelo lwe-Osmotic luyenzeka xa izixazululo zihlukaniswa ngumlenze ongenakulinganiswa. Ngokomzekelo, masithathe ama-fluids kwiiseli nakwi-intercellular space. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-extracellular kunye ne-intracellular osmotic ingcinezelo efanayo. Kodwa ukuba umlambo wamanzi ulahlekelwa ngamanzi, uxinzelelo kuwo luya kwanda. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokunyuka kwengcinezelo ye-osmotic, amanzi avela kwiiseli aqala ukusabalalisa kwi-intercellular space. Ukwahlukana kuya kuphela kuphela xa ixabiso loxinzelelo lilingana.

Yintoni eyenza uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic

Uxinzelelo kwi-osmosis kuxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezininzi ezidibeneyo ziqulethwe kwiyunithi yunithi. Ezi zinokuba zi-molecule, ions okanye ezinye iindidi ze-colloidal. Kungatsholwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic yesisombululo luhambelana nokugxininiswa kwazo zonke iincinci ezisebenzisayo ezingenasimo, ngeyunithi yeyunithi. Akuxhomekeke kwiimveliso zeekhemikhali ze-solvent kunye nezinto ezichithwe kuyo.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zafumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lugcina imithetho efanayo neengcinezelo zegesi. Inokulinganiswa kunye nezixhobo ezibizwa nge-osmometers. Zihlobo oluthile lweemodometer. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa izilwanyana ezingenammiselo zepilisi kunye nemvelaphi yokufakelwa. Imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo ibonisa ukuxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkomfa zesisombululo.

Umthetho wexinzelelo lwe-osmotic, ofunyenwe nguVan Hoff, uxela ukuba ukubaluleka kwintetho yesibalo kulingana noxinzelelo olubangela ukuba isisombululo sibe negalelo elifanelekileyo, kunye nesimo sokuthi ixabiso layo lilingana nomlinganiselo wesisombululo.

Umthetho uchazwa ngokulingana: p = i-CRT

Ndiyinani le- isotonic value;

C isisombululo sesisombululo, esichazwe kwi-moles;

R lixabiso lexesha elipheleleyo legesi;

T yiqondo lokushisa kwe-thermodynamic.

Ixabiso lexinzelelo le-osmotic kwizinto eziphilayo

I-Osmosis inemvelaphi yezilwanyana zasendle, kuba zonke iiseli zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana zezilwanyana zineemfumba ezingenakunyakaziswa kwamanzi kwaye zingenakwenzeka kwezinye izinto. Kwiimfucu eziphilayo, emngceleni weesel kunye ne-intercellular fluid, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lusebenza rhoqo. Iqinisekisa ukukhula kwezondlo kunye namanzi emhlabeni ukuya kumaqabunga ezityalo kunye ne-turgor yezityalo, umsebenzi obalulekileyo weeseli.

Isisombululo esineengxaki ezifanayo zesimo se-osmotic zibizwa ngokuba yi-isotonic. Labo apho uxinzelelo luphezulu, kuthiwa yi-hypertonic, i-lower eyi-hypotonic.

Uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic egazini legazi li-7.7 atm. Abantu banako ukuziva bekuncipha. Umzekelo, ukoma emva kokutya ukutya okunomsoco kunxulumene nokunyuka kwawo. Ukuvuvukala kwendawo kunye nokuvuvukala kwenzeka nangenxa yokwanda kweengcinezelo ze-osmotic kwisayithi sokuvuvukala.

Ukwazisa ngemithetho yexinzelelo lwe-osmotic kwiyeza kukho imfuneko xa uqhuba amanyathelo okunyanga. Ngoko, oogqirha bayazi ukuba ngenxa yejojo egazini, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-plasma ye-plasma ye-0.9% yesisombululo se-NaCl kuphela. Ayibangele izibilini zesisu. Ngokuphambene noko, i-Naxl ye-3-5% isetyenziselwa ukucoceka kangcono amanxeba ahlambulukileyo ukusuka kuma-microorganms and pus.

Ukwazi imithetho ye-osmosis ayimfuneko nje kuphela kwiyeza kunye ne-biology. Ngaphandle kwayo, ezininzi iintlobo zoluntu azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle, kubandakanywa ishishini kunye namandla.