Voronikhin lomhleli Andrey Nikiforovich: biography, uKwakha

Owaziwayo umyili Russian Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin wenze igalelo umxhelo kuphuhliso izakhiwo zasekhaya. Kuye kwakhiwa ukudala umfanekiso eyodwa St. Petersburg. Ubomi ngokwayo umyili efanele sibe kunye nimangaliswe, evukile serfdom enkundleni, wahlala enyanisekile yena isimilo sakhe.

Intsapho Childhood

A. N. Voronihin wazalelwa kwilali New Usolye Oktobha 17, 1759 kwiphondo Perm. uyise serf of Count A. S. Stroganova. Kumaxesha akutshanje, ndandihamba ngeenxa Petersburg rumor Andrew waye ngenxa wesifazane nelizwe Stroganoff uMarta. Kodwa wezakhiwo akazange labhala ngale ndaba, nazo zonke izalamane zakhe ngokucacile kundikhanyela le nguqulo. Alexander Stroganov ixesha elide kwaba ukuba umongameli Academy of Arts e St. Petersburg, Endaweni yakhe iintlobo zobugcisa kunye nokuchwela zaye zaphuhliswa, kwakukho iindibano ezininzi. Kolunye kuzo, xa kumasifundisane yokudweba icon, kwaye wafunda Andrew omncinane, ngubani kungekudala kakhulu wabonisa yayitalente ukuzoba.

ebiza

Stroganov kakuhle waphawula iitalente abantu yaye kungekudala ikhono le nkwenkwe nomhlaba entsatsheni. Ngoko uAndreya waba kumasifundisane Gavrila Yushkova Ilyinsky ezilalini, kwi Tyskorskom monastery. Ngowe-1777 Stroganov uthumela umfana ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe eMoscow, apho Andrey Nikiforovich Voronihin ukufunda ukupeyinta. Yena ufumana izakhono miniaturist, ngoko ukufunda izinto ukupeyinta. Kodwa ke eli xesha, isiphelo umzisa labazobi ezinkulu eMoscow - V. I. Bazhenovym kunye M. F. Kazakovym. Phantsi impembelelo yabo Voronikhin abanomdla bokwakha. Painting uhlala ikuba ngaye, kunye nethuba ngakumbi ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo bokwakha. Ngowe-1778 waba nenxaxheba ekupeyinteni Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo kwiqela kunye nezinye iinkosi eMoscow.

iminyaka yokufunda

Ngowe-1779, Count Stroganov ohambisa Voronikhin e St. Petersburg, ukuze bazibandakanye kakhulu kwizifundo kwinkalo izakhiwo. Uhlala kwindlu Count, yena abahlobo kunye nonyana wakhe uPawulos. Amakhwenkwe ndawonye ukwenza uhambo eziliqela eRashiya, ukutyelela eMoscow, kumazantsi Russia, Ukraine, ukutyelela unxweme Sea Black. Uhambo iyonke lweminyaka emihlanu. Boys kufutshane kakhulu omnye komnye, bevakalelwa phantse abazalwana. imfundo yabo iye odolwa eFransi kwi iingcebiso Utitshala Denis Diderot - Zhilber Romm. Abantu abatsha bafumane ulwazi ngendlela apha imbali, inzululwazi, kwimathematika kunye neelwimi. imfundo enjalo yaba ivamile eRashiya ngelo xesha.

Ngowe-1786, Count Stroganov unika Voronikhin serf inkululeko yakhe, yaye phantse ngathi zithumele noPavel Alexandrovich kunye Zhilberom Rommom e ukhenketho enkulu phesheya, wenziwe ngenkxaso-mali evela Count Stroganov. Le ndlela yokufumana ulwazi ihlabathi nalo lifana ngenkulungwane ye-18. Andrew Voronikhin, ogama engobomi uhlobene ngokusondeleyo nentsapho Stroganov, kunye uPawulos watyelela eJamani, eSwitzerland, France. Kukho Voronikhin onolwazi olukhulu lwezakhiwo, wafunda ngenyameko ukwakhiwa Europe, ingakumbi iiyure ezininzi eyayinikelwe ekufundweni oothixo eParis, enze okuninzi imizobo.

ulutsha mbuso

umyili Future Voronikhin kwaye Bala Paul Stroganov uMarta eParis, apho wayefunda lwezakhiwo, ubucukubhede, ibali. Apho ke bafumana i-French Revolution. Zhilber Teacher Romm abantu abatsha waye Republican esebenzayo kwaye yosulele izimvo zabo Stroganov, ngoxa Voronikhin yaba kude iziganeko mbuso, wayelithanda ngakumbi ya vutshila. Kodwa uchitha ixesha elininzi kumathala eencwadi, utyelelo iimyuziyam, kwaye uyawuthanda isimbo Empire, yaza ekugqibeleni yavunywa yi ngumnqweno ukuba wezakhiwo. Ke kaloku uPawulos Gilbert athathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yotshintsho olululo. Bala A. N. Stroganov neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo abantu abaselula kwilizwe labo. Romm uhlala e Paris, waba njengomnye weenkokheli inguqu, nkqu yinxalenye yendibano, ukusebenza kwikhalenda entsha weRiphablikhi. Kamva, yena kunye namanye nabavukeli guillotined.

Amanyathelo okuqala kumsebenzi

Ngowe-1790, i-lokwakha ubuyela eSt Petersburg, kwaye umxhasi wakhe ugqiba ukuba ukulungele ukuba umsebenzi kakhulu, ukumthemba ukwakha kwaye anike ibhotwe lakhe, eyantlithwa kakubi ngumlilo. Xa intloko liphuma Voronikhin ngokutsha. Imisebenzi yahlanganisa indawo enkulu, ukuba ugcwalisa ithala leencwadi, yobuciko, igumbi lokutyela, iholo lokungena kwaye esibonisa cabinet ngezimbiwa. umhombiso Ababesakuba yobuciko, yenziwe yi Rastrelli, umakhi utshintsho isimbo engqongqo yamandulo. Stroganoff uyavuya kakhulu uTimoti. Voronikhin, ukwakhiwa ayifani eligcwele, isimbo wazingqina ngokomakhi kakhulu kunye nobuchule. Oku kwavula indlela yokuba kuye kulo msebenzi.

kokuba abe inkosi

Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi Stroganov Palace, umakhi uqalisa ukuhlengahlengisa igrafu egadini Voronikhin kwi River Black, uze emva koko ukugqiba indlu ekwilifa Gorodnya. Ezi projekthi ezinkulu ziye zavumela wezakhiwo ukuseka ngokwabo ukuqonda kwabo zakhiwo zokuhlala, oko irhweba izakhono ezisebenzisekayo kunye ngcembe bafunwe amandla zobungcali kunye nokuzithemba.

Kuba iprojekthi okumila ukuba yokuhlala impiriyali Peterhof Voronikhin wafumana isihloko academician izakhiwo. Ekuqaleni, ngowe-1797, waza wawongwa isihloko academician injalo umzobo ukuba uthotho komhlaba ezidolophini, kuquka imisebenzi "kuzijonga kwigalari kwi Stroganov Palace," "Uhlobo Stroganov nemiqolomba", apho kakuhle indibanisa ezimbini wobugcisa yakho oyithandayo.

Stroganov Dacha e Village New, wadala Voronikhin waba ukwakhiwa lokugqibela kwixesha lokuqala kumsebenzi womzobi kaThixo. Kule sakhiwo sele isikali ebonakalayo ngokupheleleyo kunye namandla netalente womzobi.

Kazan Cathedral

Ngowe-1799 eSt Petersburg ukuba ukhuphiswano le projekthi Kazan Church kwi Nevsky Ithemba. UMlawuli noPawulos ngokwenene wayefuna ukubona lwesakhiwo capital Russian, efanayo ebuhleni yaseSt uPetros eRoma. bezakhiwo abaninzi abemi mabangenise iiprojekthi zabo ukuze ziqwalaselwe, kodwa waphumelela ukhuphiswano a Andrew Voronikhin omncinane-yaziwa. Kazan Cathedral yasekwa ngo-1801 yaye yakhiwa kangangeminyaka eli-10. Le projekthi waqhubeka ngokulungelelanisiweyo style Palladian, awathi eRashiya Charles Cameron. Voronikhin ubambisene womzobi IsiNgesi, kwaye kwixesha elizayo ngenxa kuye odolo asebukhosini. ukufana obunqwenelekayo kanye nendlu eRoma ifikelela umyili usebenzisa kwivaranda omise, nto leyo ichazwe emibuzo neememo Neva. isakhiwo Grand ibe ngomnye izakhiwo ezininzi yokuqala eRashiya. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umsebenzi indalo kwindawo yayo elinzima ukungaphumeleli, kwakunye yokunqongophala kwemali, nto leyo efunekayo utshintsho rhoqo kwi ekupheleni yecawa. Le cawe yamiselwa ngo-1811, lo nyaka mnye umbhali le projekthi wanikwa Order of St. Anne kunye nelungelo lokufumana umhlalaphantsi kaNondyebo kaRhulumente.

Le ntaba Institute

Ngowe-1803 Voronikhin ukuqala umsebenzi ngomhla wesibini ubalulekileyo kwiprojekthi ebomini bakhe - ukwakha i-Institute Mining. Alexander Ndabeka phambi wezakhiwo umsebenzi onzima - ukwenza isakhiwo, apho iintlanga besizicalula ubukhulu karhulumente Russian. A. N. Voronihin kuhlela isakhiwo oluthandayo isiGrike, kodwa musa khuphela ngqo izakhiwo yamandulo, kwaye udale ukumelwa mihla ngayo. ose- Grand enezintlu unika ekwakheni intsingiselo ekhethekileyo kunye nobukhulu. Bethelela umbono ezimbini iqela elikhulu oqingqiweyo "uMofokeng and Antaeus" yaye "udlwengulo Proserpine" abakroli Russian. Empire Russian kule isakhiwo eziqulathwe iimpawu okusemandleni alo. Ukongeza ngaphandle Uyilo Voronikhin amaziko zasekhaya uhombiso, enika kubaluleke kakhulu iinkcukacha. Isakhiwo elikhulu imiqolo Doric kakuhle zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa Vasileostrovsky indawo yokuhamba-hamba kunye wanika emehlweni isikali lakwaWinter Palace oyifunayo. Ukwenza i ose- eyandisiweyo yenye iikhonsepthi ongaqhelekanga bokwakha ngexesha lakhe.

Petersburg ethetha Voronikhin

Ngaxeshanye kunye nomsebenzi kwi Kazan Cathedral wezakhiwo Voronikhin ukhokela iiprojekthi eziliqela Pavlovsk, eyakhela yayingeyiyo Pink inkundla, wakha iibhulorho kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Voronikhin Ungumbhali egumbini Italian, aqukuqela eziliqela kunye neeveranda e Peterhof. Yena uthwala kwakhona ngaphandle iikhomishini zabucala, ingakumbi uMphathiswa walathisa kuvuselelwa izindlu ukuba inikwe kwi Ibhotwe eweni, ukusebenza izindlu Stroganoff nandawo usapho Golitsyn isakhiwo ndlwana. Master wathabatha inxaxheba ekudalweni Mint kwi uPetros Paul Fortress, wayila umthombo kwiNtaba Pulkovo.

izigodlo

Ngowe-1803, ngokomakhi Voronikhin ababandakanyekayo ukuba ngokutsha kwesakhiwo usembindini isigodlo Pavlovsk. Maria Feodorovna wathembela wezakhiwo, yena trims ekwindlu yakhe lakwaWinter Palace, ngoko wayama incasa yawo waza walwenza wezakhiwo oyintloko Pavlovsk. Voronikhin acwangcise ngokupheleleyo zokwakha, kudala yoyilo Uphahla ukupeyinta. Phantse ngaxeshanye, umakhi ukusebenza phezu remake yasebhotwe Sheremetev on Fontanka. Babefuna ukudala ingaphakathi kwi isimbo nendlela weklasiki, kunye Voronikhin wabanceda kulo. Wadala namagumbi aphezulu anombilini yeentlanganiso inani elikhulu labantu.

Omnye umsebenzi obaluleke womzobi - kukuba i Konstantinovsky Ibhotwe e Strelna. Esi sakhiwo iye wabola ngamandla ukususela ngexesha uPetros Enkulu, kwaye umnini wanika ukuze kulondolozwe inkangeleko, kodwa ngaphakathi yala maxesha. Voronikhin ngokupheleleyo kwakhona izicwangciso uhombiso lwangaphakathi, ngaphakathi zakhiwe isimbo uBukhosi, waza wayalela umsebenzi kwi projekthi. Noko ke, ngo-1803 umlilo watshabalalisa phantse ngokupheleleyo ekugqibeleni, kwaye ngokutsha ilandelayo sele ityala kwenye umakhi.

wabucala

Andrew Voronikhin (1759-1814) waphila ubomi umdla, kunye umthwalo omkhulu emsebenzini, waqaphela, yaye intsapho. Emva ngo-1801 womzobi wayethathe intombi umfundisi IsiNgesi Meri Lond, okanye Maria Feodorovna ngendlela Russian. Wayeneminyaka kuqala umphathi apha endlwini Stroganoff kodwa draftsman kwaye wasebenza kangangeminyaka eli-10 kunye ne-master. UMtshakazi wala ukutshintsha unqulo, yaye umtshato Voronikhin kwafuneka ukuba uqokelele ezininzi amaphepha. Emva kokuba umsitho sibini wahlala endlwini yakhe. Esi sibini kwazalwa oonyana abathandathu, kodwa phantse bonke abaye baphila ixesha elide, namhlanje inzala ngqo Voronikhin ngasekhohlo. iqashiso lomhleli waza wasebenza nzima ngexesha lakhe elisecaleni wayethanda ukupeyinta, funda lukhulu.

Ukugqitywa endleleni, kanye memory

Lomhleli wafa Februwari 21, 1814. Waza ke wangcwatywa kwi emangcwabeni ezazidumile St Petersburg, i-Alexander Nevsky Monastery. On nengcwaba lakhe zazibonisa ukumila kwinzala Kazan Cathedral - kwesakhiwo womzobi.

Zimbalwa izakhiwo Voronikhin wasinda. Kodwa ezimbini ngemisebenzi yakhe yayikukuba ukuhombisa Petersburg. Kwakhona wasinda ezinye ngaphakathi kwayo kunye iindidi iiprojekthi ukunika ingcamango yamandla italente yakhe. Paintings Voronikhin agcinwe kwi Hermitage kunye Russian Museum, kwakunye ekuqokelelweni Academy of Arts.

abafundi Voronikhin

Russian Empire efumaneka imisebenzi lwalo olugqityiweyo Voronikhin. abafundi bakhe baqhubeka utitshala ishishini, abanye ngokoqobo. Ngoko ke, kunokuba Andrei Mikhailov ngcebiso wayebukele ulwakhiwo Kazan Cathedral. Xa izakhiwo zakhe copyright Mikhailov lulandela izithethe Voronikhin. Le yimpumelelo kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwalo ibandla iSt Catherine kwi Vasilevsky Island. Ekunyaniseni nondiliseko loyilo Voronikhin zakhiwe isimbo. Omnye umfundi - Denis Filippov - wahlala kwimbali izakhiwo njengoko umbhali yale Akhademi zezindlu Sciences kwi Vasilevsky Island, nayo leyo iimpawu eziphambili Voronikhin Empire. Lo mlandeli wesithathu ezibalulekileyo umfundi womzobi - Pet Plavov - yaziwa ngokuba uMdali Hospital Obukhov e Zagorodny Prospekt kunye ngezinyuko iBhodi yeTrasti. Ezi projekthi kwakhona ziyilwe sisimbo weklasiki ezikhuthazwa Voronikhin.