Yesicelo eMoscow. Russia, eMoscow, yesicelo

Ubungqina yokuqala Bafumaneka indawo kummandla sites incwadi yesicelo yamandulo babe kweminyaka emibini ukuya engamawaka amathathu. Enyanisweni, impendulo echanekileyo yombuzo ngubani owakha yesicelo e Moscow, kukho, njengoko ulwakhiwo stockade yokuqala anconywa emva kweentsuku xa Borovitsky Hill yaba zokuhlala Dyakov uhlobo. Ukwakhiwa ngqo kwamaziko kwaqala umyalelo Yuriya Dolgorukova phezu ulwakhiwo iindonga ngo-1156.

karhulumente Russian Olympus - yesicelo e Moscow

Ekuqaleni, udonga sakhiwo abenziwe ngomthi, kwaye nokufika of capital nguDmitry Donskoy ufumene isiqhulo yakhe edumileyo - ilitye elimhlophe. Iindonga kwafakwa ilitye, eyenziwe lekalika yasekuhlaleni. Ebudeni bolawulo Ivan III wamema nabayili Italian, lowo waqala ukwakha elitsha (1475-1479 gg.) - uhlalutyo iindonga ilitye elimhlophe kunye nokwakhiwa endaweni yalo isitena. Ukuze alondoloze ukhuseleko Uyaziqonda ngokuyinxenye ukuya ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza entsha. sathatha Ukwakhiwa iminyaka elishumi elide. Kwakhona libambisene yotshintsho udonga zakhiwa Inkolelo Cathedral.

Ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812, i-yesicelo eMoscow ezonakeleyo kakhulu, baphanga. Emva kweminyaka emine aphinde salo. Ngaphezu kwezi isebenza inqwaba ziingcali kakhulu. Kwakhona, ulwakhiwo umonakalo enkulu kwabona ngethuba wombhodamo ekungxoleni 1917, ngexesha apho yesicelo eso bavele ingenanceba zokudubula.

indawo

I Moscow yesicelo yeyona nesakhiwo esikhulu kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, ubugcisa kunye nembali capital Russian, nto nje unyanzelekile ukuba kanye kumbindi wesixeko. Oku kuchazwa kumacala amabini:

• Zobuhle izakhiwo imbono njengoko embindini eyinkunzi - ulawulo umzimba omkhulu efunyanwe ukusuka nemimiselo ephambili, etc ...
• Ukuqwalasela i yesicelo eMoscow njengenye izinto ezininzi mandulo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya indawo ngobuchule echanekileyo. Le nqaba yayikhona kwaye zibekwe phakathi imilambo ezimbini kokuxhuma, eshiya abahlaseli ezinokuba ilungelo lokuhlasela kwelinye icala kuphela, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle oyintloko yokhuselo into yolawulo karhulumente.

I incwadi e Moscow kubekwe phezu kwentaba Borovitsky - phezu kodonga lasekhohlo loMlambo eMoscow. Kubume design bokwakha yi unxantathu engagunyaziswanga (ukuba ngqo ngakumbi, kuba Ikwadrilatherali omnye ikona notched).

Ixesha eSoviet Union

Ngendlela ekhethekileyo incwadi yesicelo zatshintsha, xa urhulumente waseSoviet ukuba uyivula kweli lizwe. Ukususela ngo-1918, kwakhona eMoscow yaba liziko zopolitiko yonke karhulumente. Ngo Matshi nyaka urhulumente waseSoviet waya yesicelo. Iphetshana "advice" kwi yangaphambili ebhotwe ebangele iliza wobhavumo abemi abaqhelekileyo, kodwa zicinezelwa ngokukhawuleza. Esi sakhiwo saba indawo owalelweyo, abemi abaqhelekileyo baye balahlekelwa ithuba ezamahala yokungenela nommandla wayo. Ababhali-mbali ziye zasekwa ukuba yonke iminyaka Soviet kulawula yesicelo eMoscow njengoko ezonakeleyo kakhulu lomculo zokwakha - ngaphezu kwesiqingatha pre-ekhoyo izakhiwo kunye zesikhumbuzo idilizwe.

Enye utshintshwano ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwixesha eSoviet yaba ukutshintshwa okhozi kabini-headed, ibekwe phezu kweenqaba ezinde zokuhamba engundoqo, iinkwenkwezi yamatye phambene semiprecious, leyo kamva indawo Ruby.

yesicelo iinqaba

Moscow yesicelo iinqaba thaca kule mali amaqhosha amabini, iyileyo yakhiwa kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo kwaye unalo igama elide kunye ezizodwa. Le nqaba ezilandelayo ezine eziphambili ingqalelo: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Corner Arsenal (ise kwiikona unxantathu, izinto kuphela icandelo elijekelezayo emnqamlezweni, i elinesixhenxe eseleyo kufuneka isikwere) kunye Spassky - edume ngenxa iiyure zakhe lusekiwe. ezinde ezintlanu ayivathise iinkwenkwezi isardiyo twisiseka: i Spassky (Frolovskaya), St Nicholas, Emnye, Borovitskaya (umBhaptizi) kunye Vodovzvodnaya.

Kwanala lo Imperial Tower, yakhiwa ngo-1680, yaye liphezulu - Emnye (79.3 meters), Nicholas (70.4 meters) kunye noMsindisi (71 m.) Zonke ezinde, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokwakha ngelona xesha (kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVII), zenziwe isimbo efanayo bokwakha. ibala elikhanyayo i Nikolskaya Tower, ezinzileyo kwi indlela pseudo-zwe.

Sebenza iinkosi aphesheya

Yesicelo iindonga zakhiwa kwisithuba seminyaka 1485-1516 of nabayili Italian. Bamele unxantathu scalene kunye ubude elipheleleyo eemitha 2235, indawo ephakamileyo kunye ububanzi 5-19 m kunye neemitha 3.5-6.5 ngokulandelelanayo. Umphezulu beendonga ezihonjiswe amazinyo, kukho abangama-1045 (ngokwesithethe Lombard, ekwimo nomsila inkonjane). Abaninzi eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo eluhlobo Azisekho. Zakhiwa ngamatsha embrasures, ezibanzi wayesaphila. Iindonga Ingaphandle kufuneka imilo agudileyo, kodwa ngaphakathi ahonjiswe yayigcinwa ngohlobo nakwiingqameko. Le isisombululo yezakhiwo ilungiselelwe kuphela ukuba kube lula, kodwa ukomeleza isakhiwo. Kanye izakhiwo ezininzi ngaloo maxesha, udonga yesicelo wagcina ezininzi ngokufihla iindawo kunye zicatshulwa mfihlakalo, likuvumela ukuba ushiye ukuqinisa xa kuyimfuneko. Noko ke, eso basinqumla khona udonga emantla-mpuma ukuza Red Square, ngoku okhonza nje columbarium. It abagcina ingqayi abanegama kwexesha eSoviet. Ngoku kuphakamisa umbuzo nokwabelwa kwezikolo nayiphi na enye indawo columbarium.

I yesicelo and kwanangamacandelo alo

Enoba zizityebi ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo umdla akurhawukanga isixeko eMoscow, incwadi yesicelo nguye nokutsala ephambili eyinkunzi. Yena idume indalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo bokwakha. Loga kwi nommandla wayo, Kakade ke, imali, kwakunye excursions, kodwa yintoni na imali xa kuthelekiswa kangangeenkulungwane imbali, zigcinwe yaye zibekwe entsonkothileyo efanayo?

Ingakumbi umdla iicawa Orthodox:

• Cathedral le vekeleke xona.
• Cathedral le Annunciation.
• Kasolusapho Ibhotwe kunye Cathedral LabaLishumi Elinesibini.
• Upper uMsindisi Cathedral.
• Enkulu Cathedral, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngexesha uhambo, kakade, kukho umnqweno ukwenza incwadi yesicelo eMoscow photo. Kufuneka ukuthatha zombini ngaphezu iindonga neenqaba, kwakunye nezakhiwo ebhotwe yokuluka - oku Grand yesicelo Palace kunye Ibhotwe Iinkalo, kunye Fun Palace.

indawo umdla kakhulu ukwazisa izakhiwo ezinjalo kuba, njengoko State yesicelo Palace, eyayisaziwa ngaphambili ngokuba Ibhotwe ngeenkongolo, Izikrweqe seSigqeba, Yeengwevu Palace kunye nabanye.

Enye izinto ezininzi selo incwadi yesicelo waqalisa, Kakade, esi Tsar Cannon kunye Tsar Bell, uphose kwiminyaka 1586 no 1733-1735. ngokulandelelana.

Ukhamba Moscow - yesicelo lweMbali yayo

Ethetha Museum, ibekwe kummandla yesicelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga Diamond Fund - enye amakhulu jewelry lizwe. A isimboli ebonakalayo kobokuqala gunya lo kakumkani bebephethe - orb, intonga, sithsaba sam. Ukuze faneleki nokhuseleko yevidiyo ngaphakathi akuvumelekanga. Kukho kwakhona ibekwe amatye ezisixhenxe zembali, edume kuzo zezi zilandelayo: diamond, "iinkozi" yaye "Shah". Le yokugqibela, njengokuba sisazi, ithiwe thaca kwi-Russian uMlawuli Nicholas mna, i Shah wasePersi ngenjongo abuyise ungquzulwano ezikhulayo ngokunxulumene ukufa kabuhlungu imbongi edumileyo Russian wemidlalo AS Griboyedov isekutyakatyweni kusingelwe phantsi kwe Russian wommeli-lizwe e Tehran ekuqaleni 1829.

Imbali ephelele karhulumente Russian esikhanyayo kwi Izikrweqe. Esi sakhiwo enemigangatho emibini, eyakhiwe yi-wezakhiwo K. Ton. Iqulathe yonke iitrone apho bahlala kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo, loo nguzwilakhe Russian. Apho ubungqina ukuqokelelwa odumileyo amaqanda Faberge, kwaye saber ka Minin kunye Pozharsky, indebe yesilivere Yuriya Dolgorukogo, njalo-njalo. D.

Imeko yangoku le Moscow yesicelo

Imbali incwadi yesicelo e Moscow iye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ngemisonto yayo nangemihla yethu. Ngelo xesha lakalokunje, ukuze abe ngqo - ukususela ngo-1991, i-yesicelo nguye yokuhlala esemthethweni kaMongameli Russian. Ngokuphathelele oku ekupheleni koo imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa lee bathwalwa phezu nommandla wayo. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo kubuyiselwa bayo njengoko Ibhotwe Iinkalo, Alesandire Hall Grand yesicelo Palace, iNdlu Yeengwevu uAndreya kunye nesakhiwo njl

Phantse ngonyaka upeyinte iindonga ze-yesicelo, ngoko bangalahlekelwa imbono yabo imbadla ezikhwankqisayo.

imibutho ekhoyo

Yeyiphi imibutho ibekwe idilesi odumileyo "eRashiya, eMoscow, le yesicelo?" Okokuqala, ukuba i-ofisi kaMongameli Russia, ibekwe iNdlu Yeengwevu Palace. Kwi kwindawo yesibini ibalulekileyo iza kuba Church Russian Orthodox, ikomkhulu yayo ise-Annunciation,-zingelosi kunye Uspenski Cathedral. umbutho kangako, ibekwe incwadi yesicelo, yi FSO - Federal Security Service - inkonzo enye, nto leyo uphathiswe esiya kwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo - ukukhuselwa amagosa aphezulu Russian.

Enye yezinto ezininzi umdla abakhenkethi kuba Museum-reserve phantsi kwegama "Moscow yesicelo", iindawo icandelo ezininzi ezithe ichazwe ngasentla. Oko yasekwa ngowe-1806 yaye yenye sites ezikubophelela iimviwo eMoscow.