Monument ngeenqanawa izikhukhula Sevastopol (ifoto)

Monument ngeenqanawa izikhukhula Sevastopol yakhiwa ngaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo imbeko zeziganeko ezenzeka phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX. Ngaphandle kwizikolo ezikude zeziganeko, imbali imbonakalo lesikhumbuzo, kwaye kucacile litye lesikhumbuzo aqhelene kungekuphela abahlali besixeko, kodwa ukuba nabani na owakha waba apha.

Le Umfuziselo umzi

Sevastopol bay kunye weenqanawa - kukho amagama njalo. City kuyo yonke imbali ikhona saba ukunyaniseka, ukuzinikela kunye nothando elwandle neenqanawa. Kodwa xa oomatiloshe kwafuneka ukuba uyibingelele kakhulu imali ababenayo. Ngenxa mzi emkhosini watshabalalisa iinqanawa ukuba badutyulwa ngabom ngenxa ngemipu zabo waphuphuma xa kwehle ethekwini, ngaleyo ndlela sibe yimiqobo endleleni leenqanawa yotshaba.

Esi sixeko silondoloziwe. Imbeko esi siganeko, abahlali zakhiwe lesikhumbuzo. Ukususela ngoko, kukho isi- iinqanawa scuttled waba ikhadi wokuqala Sevastopol. Ngexesha amaxesha Soviet litye lesikhumbuzo yaba bomfanekiso Umfuziselo mzi. Ngowe-2000, kwabonakala phezu iflegi Sevastopol.

Zonke umhla ofanelekileyo isixeko kuphawulwa iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukukhutshwa izitampu zokuposa, amacwecwe nezikhumbuzo, nto leyo ebonisa iziza zembali kweso sixeko. Monument waphuphuma iinqanawa lilungu ofunekayo enjalo ezaqanjwa.

Njengokuba kuye kwagqitywa ukuseka lesikhumbuzo

Ngowe-1905, wonke eRashiya yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 isiganeko yezembali esibalulekileyo, xa lumiswe Sevastopol ngexesha iCrimea War. Iinqanawa ezazikayo Monument, iifoto ezo thaca kweli nqaku, kukho ubungqina intlonipho abavikeli enesibindi umzi, kwakunye njengophawu imbeko ezizodwa zezithuthi Russian. Lo mhla obalulekileyo, kananjalo kubekho nentsika yelitye elimiswe kwimbali Russia.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingcamango yokudala lesikhumbuzo onjalo wabonakala kakhulu ekuqaleni. Buyela th 20 isikhumbuzo ukhuseleko Sevastopol , abathathi-nxaxheba ecetywayo ukuba kukhunjulwe feat eyenziwa oomatiloshe Russian. Bay of iinqanawa ezazikayo kweli phulo le oqingqiweyo academician Mikeshina kweso sikhundla engundoqo. Kodwa kamva kwagqitywa ukwakha zesikhumbuzo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi, apho kwakukho izimpi inkululeko yakhe, yaye ingcamango lesikhumbuzo wamazwi kwimemori ye-zithuthi ezazikayo yalityalwa iminyaka eliqela.

Kuphela ngo-1899, xa eRashiya waqalisa ukulungiselela ukuvuyela nesiqingatha senkulungwane komhla wawalwela Sevastopol, ukuba kuqwalaselwe kwakhona. Ngo-1901, kwakukho iiprojekthi ezimbini eziyintloko lesikhumbuzo, kodwa ingqalelo ngakumbi nokuvunywa wathunyelwa mnye kuphela kubo. Le lesikhumbuzo, wenza kule projekthi, kwaye olu suku ekhumbuza inzala ke yobuqaqawuli yangaphambili oomatiloshe Russian.

ziganeko zembali landulelwe yiloo ukufakela lesikhumbuzo

Ngethuba lokuqhutywa kweMfazwe iCrimea Sevastopol waba ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye ukuze bazikhusele a iqela olomeleleyo. babehamba abavikeli ukwenza nawuphi na umbingelelo, ngalo mzi ibisoloko mahala.

Ukugcina mzi ayehlasela utshaba elwandle, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuvala endleleni iinqanawa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oomatiloshe watshona ezisixhenxe fairway yokuqala sailboats akuphumelelanga. Emva izaqhwithi enzima kwakugquba phezu kolwandle kwi ibheyi ekwindla nasebusika 1854, ukungakwazi iinqanawa bazenza komelezwa. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho kamva waphuphuma inqanawa yabarhwebi ngaphezulu ezintathu. Ten iinqanawa ezazikayo baba kumgca wokuqala yokuzikhusela.
NgoFebruwari 1855, kwathathwa isigqibo malunga sokwemba of ezinye iinqanawa ezintandathu, nto leyo wadala umgca wesibini yokuzikhusela. Ngo-Agasti ka nyaka iinqanawa eziseleyo nesinqanawa izikhukhula. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, bonke emazantsi encamini lathunyelwa 75 iinqanawa kunye 16 inkxaso. Amabutho e iinqanawa wathumela ilizwe, yaye waqhubeka inkonzo yobuqhawe esixekweni kunye iLizwe loobawo. Imiqobo adalwe oomatiloshe, ngokufuthi bafumana amagama abo sifile.

Esi sixeko ingafikeleleki ukuya imikhosi yotshaba. indima Igcina idlalwa umlilo oluphuculweyo ukusuka eselunxwemeni ethekwini, neenqanawa ezazikayo. E Sevastopol bekusoloko ngaloo maxesha anzima, abantu nje kuphela, kodwa Unjengeenqanawa zithuthi wathabatha inxaxheba ukuziphendulela mzi. Ngenxa yemigudu odibeneyo utshaba ikwazile ukuba ume phambi emnyango Sevastopol.

Njani isigqibo malunga umkhumbi wakhe

Ababhali-mbali musani ukunika impendulo ecacileyo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, xa kufikwa ukuchaneka sigqibo. Xa lwabasunguli isigqibo malunga sokwemba imikhumbi eyayingabachasi bangi, akholelwa ukuba kufuneka ukuba azise ukuba imikhumbi elwandle, apho ukuthatha ukulwa kwaye wina okanye batshabalale.

Le meko yaba enjalo ukuba uloyiso emfazweni evulekileyo akunakwenzeka. Utshaba mkhulu kakhulu kwizithuthi Russian kwenani kwimikhumbi kunye nezixhobo zabo, ukugqwesa.

Emva kwengxoxo enkulu kunye nokuveza buhlungu kwenziwe isigqibo esinzima malunga sokwemba yezi zithuthi. Ixesha lubonise ukuba umbingelelo akulambathanga - Sevastopol akazange ahlala lutshaba. deed yobuqhawe oomatiloshe Russian leyo kakhulu ngokomlomo zonke izithuthi Anglo-Franco-Turkish. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba esi sigqibo enkulu, hayi ukuba utshaba umkhosi kakuhle ukulungele wayeza kunzima lizuze Russian.

Abenzi bemeko- lesikhumbuzo

Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo ngeenqanawa izikhukhula Sevastopol, version esizibona namhlanje, kuba wadalwa yi nomkroli Amanda Ivanovich Adamson, ngokomakhi Valentin Avgustovich Feldman kunye injineli Oscar Ivanovich Enberg. Aba bantu zithathwa ukuba Abaxhasi eziyintloko lesikhumbuzo.

O. I. Enberg wacebisa ingcamango ekubiyeni lesikhumbuzo ayikho phezu komhlaba elwandle leyo original engalindelekanga kunye nesigqibo. Kuye lamkelwa ezininzi co-ababhali projekthi, kwakunye abantu abathile aphezulu kwiNkundla.

V. A. Feldman ngenxa lomsebenzi izimvo ezifunyenweyo ezivela kumalungu ekomiti ekhethekileyo, ngokubuyisela intsika isikwere kumjikelo kwaye wathembisa ukuba ukuyifaka kwi engxondorheni ngumntu elibukhali ukususela elwandle. AI Adamson owathunywa ukuba asebenze kwi lesikhumbuzo sele sikwinqanaba lokugqibela ekwakhiweni kwayo. Ekuthatyathweni njengelizwe ungumfundisi yobugcisa omkhulu, wenza igalelo elikhulu ekudaleni ilitye lesikhumbuzo kule nkqubo.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba liqela lonke owadala lesikhumbuzo ngeenqanawa izikhukhula Sevastopol, kwakuba inani elikhulu amagcisa anetalente, abakroli, iinjineli, kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo owenza neengcamango zokuyila iinkosi ezaziwayo.

Igama lesikhumbuzo

Nakule lonke ubukho bayo, le lesikhumbuzo waba amagama ahlukeneyo 15. Ezinye zazo ziye ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni, ngoxa abanye banikela abantu yaye yaziwa ngokuba enye.

Commission Construction, yanikezela oqingqiweyo mzi, ebizwa ukuba enze ngathi nenqanawa ezikayo isikhumbuzo. Ngowe-1914, isikhokelo zembali yapapashwa, nto leyo ichaza lonke eCrimea. Monument ngeenqanawa ayenamandla sele kubonakala kwi ncwadi phantsi igama, nto leyo eyaziwa namhlanje. Namhlanje igama lesikhumbuzo yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye igqalwa kakhulu efanelekileyo.

wenza njani nokwakheka

Kumanzi onxweme ngaphandle Primorsky Boulevard kumgama oziimitha ezilishumi ukusuka elunxwemeni liphuma ngumntu Nyengane rock. ukuphakama kwayo kweemitha 9. Liphuma ubuhle imitha-ezisixhenxe nenqaba leyo ebekwa yi kwezihloko aseKorinte. Bronze eagle kabini, ekhwele phezu ikholam wajika ngaselwandle. Yena ubambe ngomlomo wayo ankile kunye isidanga ngowakhe oki amagqabi, engxamele ukuze ndizihlisele emanzini kwaye sinike imbeko iinqanawa elahlekileyo.

Phezu kwamanqwanqwa libe le lesikhumbuzo kukho nombhalo: "Xa kukhunjulwa iinqanawa zitshone ngo-1854-1855. nemiqobo yokungena ukuya kuhlasela. " Kwi bas-imikrolo ejongene kwini, ngemiboniso yokudibana neenqanawa ukutshona. Ngelo kwipleyiti, uyakwazi ukujonga imephu Sevastopol Bay kunye neenqanawa idle umgca.
Ukususela ulwandle ukuya lesikhumbuzo ekuqaleni esiqhotyoshelweyo imasti ngobhedu lithe tso emanzini. Okwangoku, le elementi yokuqamba kulahleka.
iinqanawa ezazikayo e Sevastopol ehlonitshwa abawukhumbula njengoko amaqhawe wokwenene. Le nyaniso kanye kwakhona uqinisekisa ukuba ingcamango kubukho i imikhumbi indissoluble kunye nesixeko.

udonga badubula

Indawo apho isikhumbuzo iinqanawa izikhukhula Sevastopol, kufanele ngokuthi yimbali. NgoNovemba 1905, apha elinye iintlekele. Ngomhla elunxwemeni udonga badutyulwa oomatiloshe file Cruiser "Ochakov". , Babesoblwaya ngokuqatha ngabasemagunyeni ngokundikhulisa uqhushululu.

Udonga, malunga apho kwakukho kubulawa yabantu, ikufuphi indawo apho inzala ukhumbule iinqanawa ezazikayo. Xa eCrimea olu donga kuthiwa badubula. Malunga iziganeko buhlungu ukukhumbuza ukubola kunye iiankile ezichazwe apha eziye navuswa kunye wayenothotho yayigcwele,.

Bayahlelwa imikhumbi ezazikayo

fleet waphuphuma wenza Sevastopol bay azalufanelekela navigation. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwagqitywa ukuze kucocwe fairway. Umsebenzi yaqala ngo 1857. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, ubuninzi iinkundla wavuswa ngaphezulu. Abanye babo ikwazile ukuba ukululama, kodwa abaninzi baya lumiswe. Wokucoca ibheyi ukusuka iintsalela iinqanawa ezazikayo kwaqhubeka ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi.

Ukubunjwa zokuhombisa udonga, nto leyo ifumaneka malunga lesikhumbuzo ukuze iinqanawa scuttled, wasebenzisa zonke iiankile ezindala avuswa ezantsi bay. Photo iinqanawa nechibi e Sevastopol Akukho iimyuziyam, kodwa kukho imizobo abaculi Russian amazwe, apho ziboniswa loo mihla ezibuhlungu. Ngenxa lo msebenzi kunokuba iqondo elikhulu ngokuqiniseka ukuba kutsha imbali.

Monument kunye nexesha

Ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka liphuma kufuphi nonxweme Primorsky Boulevard column lesikhumbuzo. ubunzima abaninzi itshayelwe ngelo xesha - iinyikima, izaqhwithi, iimfazwe. Ke zonke izilingo lesikhumbuzo yasinda lunozuko.

Iinqanawa ezazikayo Monument, iifoto kunye nesixhobo apho linikwa kwi nqaku, ayizange onzakele ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, nto leyo yinyaniso kuyamangalisa. Enyanisweni, kuloo ndawo apho kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo, izimpi. Monument ibonakala ngokulula ukusuka iimbono ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kuboniswa imifanekiso ezininzi litye lesikhumbuzo.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba balo ukubuyisela. umsebenzi okhethekileyo lwaqhutywa ngo-1951, 1955-1959. Ngo-1989 no-2003, kakhulu, waba kuvuselelwa iinxalenye lesikhumbuzo.

I enomtsalane Sevastopol bay

Loxolo esikhulu ngaselwandle kunye isi- iinqanawa scuttled - le yenye yeendawo ephithizela Sevastopol. Amakhulu wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha kufika apha yonke imihla.

Engathandi ukuba aqala butshijolo ukuthi ukwakheka, wadala imbeko nozuko nenkalipho ye-Russian Navy, abe magic okhethekileyo, bakwazi ukujongana naluphi na utshaba, amandla emnyama. Mhlawumbi apha yaye etsala amakhulu abantu.