Yini ephawula yesizwe ye eluntwini? yesizwe eRashiya

Uluntu zesayensi lidla wafumana kwithuba "yesizwe oluntu." Ziziphi mxholo amaninzi kusetyenziswa? Yintoni ukubaluleka esisebenza ngayo analo inzululwazi kunye noqoqosho jikelele? Yintoni luphawulwa yesizwe yoluntu Russian? Ukuba ningalicaluli lona eli gama ngokunxulumene kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo?

Ubuqili izixhobo ingqiqo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, igama elithi "yesizwe yoluntu" ngokusondeleyo kobugcisa bolwazi. Kakade ke, le ngcamango ngokwayo zingasetyenziswa kakhulu ngakumbi ngokubanzi. Ngoko kudla ngokwenzeka. Phantsi izibonelelo kazwelonke iqondwe njengabo ezinxulumene kwindalo, ukuya lezobuntlola uhlanga, inkcubeko kunye namasiko.

Kodwa practice, eli gama amaninzi ngamazinga nomnye - "Inkcazelo Resources". Umongo kule meko.

imithombo Ulwazi - ntoni na?

Zeziphi izinto ezingundoqo ezichaza undoqo into enjalo njengoko imithombo yolwazi? Phakathi phezulu - inkcazo ngokusekelwe ingcamango yokuba abantu sele abasaphuhlayo ngexesha lokusekwa kwingxelo ezahlukeneyo zembali. Ngokutsho yokuhlela eqhelekileyo, kukho uluntu pre-mveliso, t. E., Abo apho isiseko ubomi inkxaso yabantu yayisekelwe umsebenzi wezandla. Ngokuthe ngcembe bakhula. Umphumo waba intlalo-mveliso, apho imigudu eziyintloko abantu mayibhekiswe ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo.

Kwakukho igama ezifana "resource", into ethetha ukuba Yikhusele into isebenze xa kuyimfuneko. Kwabo ukuba uphawu uluntu mveliso, izazinzulu zibhekisela, njengoko umthetho, izixhobo eziphathekayo, umsebenzi, ngokwemvelo, kunye nemali. Kukho kweli hlabathi, kwaye kukho imithombo yesizwe yoluntu. ukubunjwa Industrial nkolelo ntle esikholelwa yaguquka yayi ulwazi. Kwakukho, nayo, izibonelelo ulwazi jikelele kunye nakuzwelonke.

Kwimithombo yolwazi yesizwe

Bempilo yoluntu post-mveliso babekholelwa ukuba mihla amazwe aphuhlileyo njengoko bekhula, kuxhomekeke kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi - uqoqosho, ezopolitiko, zobugcisa, - waqala ukuziva imfuno izixhobo ezaneleyo zokufundisa, nto leyo eza kuvumela, umzekelo, ukuze adlulisele eyiyo, inkqubo kunye igcine data. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwiimfuno zangoku oluntu kunye uqoqosho kumazwe, kwakukho ekuthiwa-imithombo yolwazi yesizwe. Ziintoni iimpawu zabo? Yini ephawula yesizwe post-mveliso uluntu Ukwakheka?

Ziquka, njengoko umthetho, ndidi kwezoqoqosho. Yiloo nto ke ukubaluleka kwemithombo ulwazi ingalandwa ikakhulu kwinqanaba lomsebenzi ukwanela kwemveliso kunye nezinye iintlobo imifanekiso zoshishino. Ngokukhawuleza njengoko wayebonakele esi sixhobo kumazwe aphuhlileyo, okukhawulezayo iinkqubo inxalenye efanelekileyo kuqoqosho.

Imarike world of imithombo yolwazi yesizwe

Mbono zithetha kwimarike esekwe lwemithombo yolwazi yesizwe. Indlela esebenza? amazwe ehlabathini Okwangoku zokuthengisela omnye komnye iisampuli izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo mayenziwe inokuba i hardware kunye software izisombululo, amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ezahlukeneyo, imizobo, iilayisenisi, ingqiqo yolawulo lwemveliso kunye noqoqosho, ulwazi, indlela yokuziphatha. Kukho ithisisi ukuba ingcaciso emalunga yesizwe yoluntu esibonakala ukufikelela simahla. Oko kukuthi, loo nto ixela ukuba bangasebenzisa esuka kwikhompyutha yakho nganye.

Ngoko ke, imithombo yoluntu post-mveliso, ngaloo ndlela, kuquka database ulwazi, ezinye algorithms (ku umkhuba, yinkqubo yekhompyutha ukuba sisebenzise namhlanje), ukuvumela ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezingxamisekileyo. imithombo yolwazi yesizwe, njengokuba ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, kufuneka sibe emehlweni labemi kumazwe ixabiso hayi ngaphantsi kwe kwabo uphawu ukuyilwa mveliso. Yintoni intsingiselo yazo aluncedo?

Ukubaluleka imithombo yolwazi

Okokuqala, oko ukuba oovimba kuluntu lwesizwe lwe-ezinxulumene kuhlobo lolwazi, bakhonza njengesixhobo kulwenziwo lweemveliso ezibalulekileyo eluntwini. Yintoni umzekelo? Bempilo kwinkalo yeenkcukacha ibhekisela kwabo phantse naziphi iimveliso yedijithali - iifayile, iinkqubo. Enye iimpawu zabo - indawo kwi yokugcina medium, ngekhompyutha (kule meko sithetha indlela yokosulela ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngendlela non-material) okanye zemveli - ngokohlobo leencwadi okanye amaxwebhu.

Kunye neemveliso ulwazi lohlobo olufanayo zihlobene ndawonye iinkonzo. Yintoni abamele? Ngokutsho uluvo othandwa phakathi nkolelo, iinkonzo zolwazi - sisiphumo kwemisebenzi engeyiyo nochumileyo abantu ukuze uncede umntu ukufezekisa iimfuno ezithile. Kule meko sithetha ngemfuneko ukufumana ulwazi imveliso.

Iinkqubo zolwazi kunye esizisebenzelayo

Njani iindlela zokusebenzisa imithombo yobutyebi, ngokuqhelekileyo kweenkqubo post-mveliso (ezamkelwa ngokwesiko kwiqela automated)? Njani ulwazi esijikeleziswa kuzo?

Ukuphendula le mibuzo, siza kuba lokuhlolisisa ambalwa le ngcamango. Okokuqala, zama ukufumanisa oko "inkqubo yolwazi". Ngokutsho ixhaphake phakathi nkolelo oluntu ukutolikwa postindustrial kule kota ku capacious kakhulu. Kungahlanganisa amacandelo eziliqela. Omnye wabo - ihlabathi ulwazi olufanayo kunye nezibonelelo zoluntu yesizwe, iimpawu leyo esamnikwayo ngentla. Oko kukuthi, i-data, ulwazi, ulwazi ngokohlobo amaxwebhu kunye neefayili. Kwakhona, iinkqubo zolwazi kungaquka kwimiboniso zokugcina eyenzelwe ukuzimisa kakuhle ulwazi ngenjongo ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngempumelelo ekucombululeni iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo. Enye iinkqubo zolwazi ingxenye - ubuchwepheshe, yingqokelela izixhobo kunye nobuchule, ukugcinwa kwedata kanye processing. Ukongeza, iinkqubo zolwazi kufuneka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iindlela ezisebenza ebalulekileyo. Le hardware, isoftware, izixhobo zomthetho, izibonelelo zamaziko, njalo-njalo. D.

Indima iinkqubo zengcaciso namhlanje

Phantsi kwemiqathango nkolelo bephuma ulwazi nezibonelelo yesizwe yoluntu lwehlabathi - sisiseko kweenkqubo zolawulo inkqubo mihla. Ukufundiswa Isicelo yabo baba ngohlobo lweenkqubo zekhompyutha, kuquka unxibelelwano. Indima izixhobo eziyilelwe ukuba ivelise inkcazelo, iingcali zithi, nje njengokuba ezinkulu kumazwe lanamhlanje, kwakunye nezinto industrial eluntwini mveliso. Amandla kwezoqoqosho ithi kakhulu ukufumanisa kuphela, nithi, kukho imithombo yendalo yesizwe, kodwa inkcazelo.

Ulwazi neenkqubo zoqoqosho

Ngenxa isenzeko ekuthethwa zihlobene, ukuze le nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Cinga nje umzekelo kwilizwe lethu. Ukusebenza kwamashishini mihla, ngokutsho nkolelo, kwinqanaba ezifezekisayo iimfuno zoluntu post-mveliso kunokwenzeka kuphela xa usebenzisa kuphela imithombo yolwazi kwizinga eliphezulu. Amathuba yezicelo zabo enkulu njengoko umntu ababa yeshishini, amandla kunye nemfundo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba zonke ezi ziganeko - yesizwe eRashiya. Kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kancinane-engozini.

Noko ke, ukuba ulandela iingqiqo le nkolelo yoluntu post-mveliso, izwe lethu ithuba ukuphembelela ehlabathini kuphela xa iza kuphuhlisa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuba kuzuzwe ikhono ezendeleyo kwimithombo yolwazi yesizwe. oku kufuneka kwenziwe njani? Indlela yokusebenzisa isakhono, ekubhekiswe sisisibonelelo sesizwe Russian njenge iseti kwemithombo yendalo, abantu ngobukrelekrele, loo babengene ezikhatshwa iindlela ezithile lweentsingiselo post-mveliso?

Yintoni na isakhono kwinkalo yeenkcukacha?

Mbono bakholelwa ukuba enokubakho ekhoyo eluntwini kufuneka mazingapheleli ubuchule bokusebenzisa izixhobo zobuchwepheshe kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuba imeko yangoku umgangatho ofanelekileyo yesikolo yenzululwazi zaye zaphuhliswa ngamaziko lwentlalo uyakwazi ukunika amandla okuqhubela ezintsha ukusetyenziswa kwezo amathuba kubonelela ngezibonelelo lwazi. Kufuneka isikolo ukulungiselela uqeqesho lweengcali Abaxhobele ukwenza oko.

imithombo yolwazi National of Russia - kukuthi, ngaloo ndlela, ukufikelela kuphela kwitheknoloji, kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuphumeza izifundo ezifanelekileyo nomgangatho ukuphucula methodological nobunjineli neendlela zokusombulula iingxaki ngokucindezela. Kuphela kule meko kwi-Russian Federation kukho ithuba ukwakha, njengoko nkolelo post-industrialism bakholelwa uluntu iinkcukacha zale mihla. Enyanisweni, oko kukuthi, njengoko ukuzala ethandwayo, kungaba?

Yintoni na uluntu ulwazi?

A ngendlela eyodwa uthi ulwazi ngokusesikweni ukuqwalasela uluntu apho inxalenye enkulu yabemi awuthimba elifumana, iinkqubo, adlulisele kuye okanye noovimba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lolwazi, iifayile, data. Okt isebenza njengomthombo wamancedo esizwe ezinkulu - ulwazi, apho abantu ngempumelelo ezenza nalo naluphi na imisebenzi. Ziziphi izinto ezifunekayo ukuze kufumaneke ekuphuhliseni uluntu ukuba izinga lolwazi? Iingcali tsalela ezintathu ezinkulu - ukwanda lobuchwepheshe computer, uphuhliso womnatha, kwakunye njengepesenti yabemi ukusebenza kwi IT-sphere.

Kaloku, ngokutsho kwezi nqobo, Russia unako ukufaka ibango ubume ilizwe eliye wakwazi ukwakha uluntu lwazi. resource kazwelonke Russian kuhamba ehlabathini nokubhengezwa giant IT-mveliso, indima ka ngemiyinge emincinci intanethi kunye nezinye amacandelo ezikufutshane kuyo (zebhanki, inkqubo, njalo njalo. D.). Ezinye iingcali nabo bakholelwa ukuba kwingongoma nganye yoluntu post-mveliso nga ozakuthathwa isakhono abemi ukuzulazula bokuqonda zomthetho ngentsulungeko kwakhiwe entsha. Oku ke kubizwa ngokuba yi "ulwazi nenkcubeko".

izixhobo zolwazi kunye nophuhliso yamazwe

Ngokutsho kwezinye nkolelo, ithemba uphuhliso ithi mihla ixhomekeke kwindlela kakuhle isigama iya kuqaliswa ukusebenzisa amandla kwezibonelelo ulwazi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho. Kutheni? Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, into eyenzeka yesizwe yoluntu enxulumene ulwazi - kokwabo kudidi kwezoqoqosho. Eyona nkalo ibalulekileyo kuphuhliso loluntu kunye lizwe - ukusebenza lokusetyenziswa kwazo. ulwazi Economic - le yenye yenxalenye kakhulu ngokubonakalayo ebalulekileyo izibonelelo kulo mbuzo. Yokuhlawula amatyala yombuso, uzinzo kweenkqubo zayo zemveliso kunye neemodeli zoshishino zixhomekeke, ke ngoko, phezu umgangatho imithombo yolwazi yesizwe yoluntu.

Unxibelelwano kwisithuba ngamazwe

An into umdla kukuba le intsingiselo yala magama ze nkolelo postmodern ezakhiwe iyanakanwa kuphela kwizangqa emxinwa zemfundo, kodwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwezopolitiko. Kukho imizekelo izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe apho, xa ubuso ngamazwe ngamnye ehlabathini kuqatshelwe ukubaluleka kwezinto zokusebenza kunye nokusekwa kwezibonelelo zolwazi zoluntu kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene. Ngokukodwa, kwinani lwamaxwebhu ezibonisa wokutyikitywa kwale hlobo izivumelwano koorhulumente, echaza ukuba ubambiswano yangoku isekelwe phezu umgangatho wenkcazelo esetyenziswa luluntu - kokubini kwinqanaba iintlanga ngamnye, kunye nomba yentsebenziswano lwehlabathi.

Ulwazi, iingcali zikholelwa, ukuba baqaphele urhulumente into ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko yehlabathi. Ukulawula iinkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa isakhono lwemvelaphi ahambelanayo, eseka amasebe butyala kunye namaziko kumgangatho karhulumente ngaphakathi kwinkqubo kwamandla olawulo. Ukuba isivumelwano efanelekileyo esayinwe ngamazwe, ubonelela ngokuphumeza amanyathelo anxulumene ekusetyenzisweni ngempumelelo kwemithombo ngolwazi, ngezakhono-ukwakha, ngenjongo zokusombulula loo ngxaki singachazwa abaququzeleli onikwe amagunya obukhulu.

Kwakhona umdla izixhobo ingqiqo, eyinkampani yi nkolelo oluntu postindustrial, phantse efanayo njengoko kuchaziwe kwizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kubonisa into yokuba umba kwengqiqo, apho siya kuqwalaselwa namhlanje - ezo ezichaphazela imithombo yolwazi yesizwe, - elithathwa ngokuba iyonke, kwaye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokukodwa evakalayo kwinqanaba ubambiswano ngamazwe. Kuquka inxaxheba Russia. Kwakhona ngenjongo amahlulelana ebusweni ithi ezahlukeneyo kwakukho kungangqinelani ekuqondeni iinjongo eziphambili ezivelayo xa besebenza kunye, ibe kumiselwa imigangatho apho abathabathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo ukudityaniswa eziphambili karhulumente kwicandelo uphuhliso olunokubakho uluntu ulwazi kaThixo basebenzisane. Ngelo izinto ngexesha elinye emgangathweni kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukumisela nokukhutshwa kwezatifikethi zeMfundo intsebenziswano inxaxheba ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezichanekileyo ukusebenzisa ezisisigxina imithetho kunye nemigaqo zivumelwano.

izixhobo zolwazi kunye nesithuba IT-Russian

Le ndlela unokuqhayisa zelizwe lethu, xa sithetha ngayo kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko lolwazi, ukuba usebenzise indlela ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zethu, inqanaba technology sokungena? Ngaphezu siye saxubusha, yintoni yesizwe luphawulwa uhlobo ulwazi kuluntu - ubudlelwane kunye kwezoqoqosho. Njani lo mkhuba kuchazwe Russian?

Imizekelo ezakunika iimpendulo kwimibuzo ethile ngendlela umthambo nethemba, eRashiya ngokwaneleyo. Thabatha, ngokuba ingqalelo entwenini, njengoko ukuguqulelwa ilayibrari yemixholo (iincwadi, amanqaku, iimagazini) ngephepha zemveli ukuya uhlobo yedijithali. Apha Russia kakhulu uyaphumelela. Thina, umzekelo, le projekthi online njenge "Rukont" - sisibonelelo digital yesizwe apho abasebenzisi Internet umxokozelo iincwadi, oolindixesha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isiqulatho multimedia - odiyo, ividiyo kunye software. Le Portal i ilayibrari inter-isebe ngokwesiseko ingcamango "KONTEKSTUM". "Rukont" - njengomthombo wamancedo esizwe digital, makwazeke baseRashiya amaninzi, oko luhlaziywe kunye neencwadi ezintsha zolwazi yonke imihla. koqobo zayo isebenza ekuphuculeni ukusebenza zojongano lwenziwa ukwanda lomgadi isiqulatho umxholo. I-resource uba womnatha enkulu namaqabane, apho inani izindlu ezinkulu, iiyunivesithi, amathala eencwadi. Kwaye hayi kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya.

inkqubo yesingqiniso iikhathalogu elektroniki zaphuhliswa eRashiya. Apho ulwazi ukufumana, mhlawumbi malunga kakhulu ebhaliswe kwilizwe lethu, amaqumrhu asemthethweni - amashishini, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho engenzi-nzuzo. Ukuba, umzekelo, anomdla Foundation "Resources National", loo ulwazi malunga nesi sibonelelo siya lula ndafumana omnye online weefayili.

Ukubaluleka IT-kwisigaba kuqoqosho babe kulungile nazo. Turnovers beenkampani Russian engundoqo kule ndawo liqikelelwa kwi iibhiliyoni zeerandi. Abaninzi IT-iibrand zelizwe lethu baziwa ehlabathini lonke yaye ziinkokheli ngezigaba zabo. ERashiya, kukho kwakhona nokhuphiswano iiprojekthi intanethi - eyaziwa resource yesizwe ngokutshintshiselana ngeposi, noko lilinye, uthungelwano enkulu yoluntu, uye injini zokukhangela lakhe.

Ke inqanaba elalana Internet eRashiya, la manani zinokuthelekiswa ngokubanzi kunye kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukufikelela kwi-network kukuba, phantse bonke abemi zokuhlala, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi. Oku zonxibelelwano igxunyekwe, iselula, satellite. Ngenxa yoko, izinga inkcubeko inkcazelo, mhlawumbi kufuneka sinikezele noko ekhona kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Oku, ngokutsho nkolelo, yintoni eyenzeka yesizwe yohlobo yoluntu post-mveliso. Ukongeza, Kakade ke, into kwezoqoqosho.