Yintoni Ebola nendlela intsholongwane luyasuka ebantwini?

Ngo-2014, ukugqabhuka Ebola. Le kokuqhambuka kakhulu ezinkulu, apho ikhula ibe bhubhane. Yintoni Ebola zeziphi iimpawu ezingundoqo, izoyikiso eziyiyo kubahlali onke amazwe, nendlela ukulwa nayo - le mibuzo bezama ukusombulula, izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke.

I Ebola gciwane

Sisifo ebangela ufuzo RNA ntsholongwane. Ebola (izigulane photo thaca ngezantsi) libhekisela lemikhuhlane ukopha kakhulu eziyingozi kunye lethality eliphezulu. Lwegciwane yaqala yachazwa ngo-1976. Gama livela esemlanjeni Republic of Congo, apho ibhaqwe kuqala kwi kwesifo abaninzi ndandingenampilo ongaziwayo, ebonakala ipesenti ephezulu yokufa - malunga 90-95%.

Kukho 5 iintlobo yale ntsholongwane: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Tai Forest, Reston. Last - Reston - akukho yayintsholongwane eyosulela abantu, kuchaphazela iihagu kuphela kunye neemfene. Eyokuqala kwezi - Zaire - ebangela ukuqhambuka ngo-2014. Yeyona intsholongwane kakhulu izifo. Ebola ubetha kakhulu yabemi kumazwe aseAfrika. Kodwa ngo-2014 kumatyala kwamanye amazwe. Bekucingelwa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2014 intsholongwane Ebola eRashiya angaqala matshi yayo, kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke.

Abathwali aphambili virus amalulwane iziqhamo - ngamalulwane iinkawu, leyo, luninzi eMzantsi kunye Ntshona Afrika. Abayi begula, kodwa bomthonyama balapha kudla inyama yezi zilwanyana wathelela kunye ukopha. Kwaye kukho amalulwane eziqhamo kunye neemfene - lenkolo, kunye nokhuseleko buthathaka kwezoqoqosho, ubuhlwempu, nendlala kukhokelela kukuba nezizwe zaphela bosulelekile. Nantso into Ebola. Le ntsholongwane kuyoyikisa kakhulu.

Izizathu ekusasazekeni kwesifo

Kuba iinyanga ezintandathu Liberia zentsholongwane ubulele ngaphezu kwamawaka 2 abantu. Oku kungenxa mali olunganelanga kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo buthathaka kweli lizwe. Ukongeza, le nentlupheko, intswela kunye nezenkolo igalelo ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane: labemi uyala makancinwe, ifihla amatyala undilalanise ukusuka esibhedlele. Ukungcwaba - kwakhona uhlobo izithethe, ebandakanya ahlambe umzimba ndichebe ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizithethe ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi ukungcwaba umzimba kufuphi ezilalini kunye nemilambo, okukhokelela usulelo abanye abantu. Yintoni Ebola, abazi okanye ufuna ukwazi isizathu sokuba imigangatho yezempilo azenzeki, oko kukhokelele ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Njani abantu abosulelekileyo

Ixesha elisuke kwesifo - ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu. Indize amatyala yosulelo ebhalisiweyo. Esi sifo - Ebola - usasazwa ugqithiselwa olufumaneka ngokwayamana ngqo abagulayo okanye netuwa zabo: endleni, umbilo, ubisi lwebele, incindi kunye negazi. Le virulence ezi ncindi igcinwa kwiiveki 2-7. Ingozi kwandisa xa kukho umonakalo nolusu ukuze nabo. contact okuyingozi kunye abafileyo umkhuhlane: Umsebenzi ntsholongwane lihlala iinyanga 1.5 emva kokufa umguli. Kukho ubungqina abantu abosulelwe emva ukunxibelelana obeku- ezosulelekileyo, incanda, ehlathini neula.

Utshintsho emzimbeni ngexesha ukuqaliswa kwentsholongwane

Kuye kwasekwa ukuba kukho iinkqubo ayibuyiseki umva emzimbeni ekuphumezeni intsholongwane ye-Ebola. Yintoni na le sifo, nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunceda umntu - le mibuzo bafunda kwaye ziphuhliswe zizazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ithuba elisuke okunzulu iphindaphindeka yintsholongwane zommandla kwiindawo nkovu, isibindi kunye udakada. Emva kokuya kwi amazwe kakhulu Amalungu nezihlunu intshabalalo ngqo iiseli yintsholongwane kunye nokuhluthwa nemisebenzi yabo, kwakunye ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo yokusabela sokuhlasela. Ubukhulu becala abachaphazelekayo emithanjeni kwaye ubonisa ukopha syndrome, ngoko - ukudumba yaye kamva - DIC (ziyithumele coagulation intravascular), nto leyo ekhokelela hemorrhages kuzo zonke amalungu kunye nezihlunu nokuhluthwa umsebenzi wabo.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Njengoko wabonakalisa yintsholongwane, Ebola, iimpawu zesi sifo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka xa nisaqala zesi sifo umgada? Yintoni kufuneka yaziswe? Le miba ezichaphazelekayo umntu ngamnye kuba yokufudukela enkulu yabantu abahamba ihlabathi, okanye abafowunelwa kunye nabameli ezahlukeneyo yabantu Afrika, hayi kuphela. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi iimpawu ezingundoqo ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuqhagamshelana abagulayo ayivalele isigulane.

ezibangela abaninzi umdla umbuzo wokuba yintoni Ebola, hlobo luni sifo. Oku iqala ngumkhuhlane of kokunyuka ngequbuliso lobushushu emzimbeni ukuba amanani aphezulu, iimpawu ke kubonakale:

1. Ngelo isanda, iintlungu emqaleni nesifuba; ubuthathaka, myasthenia gravis.
2. lamva luphawulwa kongezwe iimpawu ezifana hematemesis kakhulu, urhudo, endleni abamnyama, irhashalala wonke umzimba, iliso ukopha.
3. Ngelo isigaba sokugqibela ukudibanisa iimpawu zomzimba ezininzi yophela olukhulu onke amalungu kunye ukuvela ukugruzuka ezinkulu, exanthema kuzihluza nkqu xi okungephi esikhumbeni.

Ngoko esizibonakalisa Ebola. Amafoto kwamatyala ezothusayo.

Ukufa lwenzeka ukopha, Njengokungeniswa ezosulelayo kunye ityhefu, hypovolemia, yaye ukusilela ilungu ezininzi kwiveki yesibini ka yokugula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba susceptibility ukuya sifo ebantwini liphezulu, wenziwa emva recovery ohlala omzimba ukuba uhlobo olunganeno engama-10.

laboratory uphethwe

Kuye kwasekwa ukuba kukho iinkqubo ayibuyiseki umva emzimbeni ekuphumezeni intsholongwane ye-Ebola. Yintoni na le sifo, nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunceda umntu - le mibuzo bafunda kwaye ziphuhliswe zizazinzulu kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Ithuba elisuke kakhulu ukwanda kwentsholongwane kwi zommandla kwiindawo nkovu, isibindi kunye udakada. Emva kokuya kwi amazwe kakhulu Amalungu nezihlunu intshabalalo ngqo iiseli yintsholongwane kunye nokuhluthwa nemisebenzi yabo, kwakunye ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo yokusabela sokuhlasela. Ubukhulu becala imithambo yegazi ochaphazelekayo, wabonakalisa ukopha syndrome, ngoko - ukudumba, yaye kamva - DIC (ziyithumele coagulation intravascular), nto leyo ekhokelela hemorrhages kuzo zonke amalungu kunye nezihlunu nokuhluthwa umsebenzi wabo.

kunokunyanga

Ukuzahlula kuyimfuneko ukuba izigulane kwiibhokisi ezizodwa isebe esosulelayo okanye iibhokisi yeplastiki elahlwayo. Unyango kunye phenol ukuvelisa iodoform isisombululo equlethe sodium hydrogen carbonate. Zonke izinto kufuneka izinto ezilahlwayo ezithi iintsholongwane kamva kwaye combusted kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

Nursing ebanjwe anti-isibetho isuti. Unyango kwesifo kuphela nomqondiso. Ijolise kulungelelanisa kulwelo ngokusela amanzi, iti, isuphu, kodwa hayi utywala. Kufuneka uyeke ukuthatha imali, ithinasi igazi, "aspirin", "Diclofenac" "ibuprofen" kunye nabanye.

A Isitofu ukuba unyango lwesi sifo lisephantsi uphuhliso kwaye akukabikho bonke yolingo lwezonyango. ERashiya, balungiselela iintlobo ezintathu ogonyo ukuba zivavanyelwe lomkhuhlane obeku-. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, njengako Russian uSekela Prime Minister Olga Golodets, ugonyo ingasetyenziswa ukunyanga abantu.

amanyathelo othintelo

Ukuthintela usulelo, kungakuhle ukuba ziyeke iihambo ukuya eNtshona Afrika, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo ngezifundo. Ukuba oku akwenzeki, kufuneka ukubona ucoceko buqu: uhlambe izandla zakho abalekayo ngamanzi nesepha okanye utywala ukusingatha. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa abafowunelwa kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni kwaye uzame ukuba angamchukumisi ulwelo lomzimba abantu abosulelwe.

Inyama yezilwanyana zasendle kufuneka Yibilise kakuhle kakuhle, esebenzisa amanzi kuphela kwamanye amazwe. Uze wokuzingela kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zokuzikhusela iiglavu.

Ukuba lo msebenzi wokunyamekela abagulayo nezidumbu kwabafileyo kufuneka iimpahla ezikhethekileyo: ngubo enemikhono emide, iiglavu, imaski kunye neebhutsi ukuthintela ngokudibana negazi okanye iincindi zomzimba emzimbeni.

Swe kulo usulelo kufuneka ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo wangcwatyelwa umlilo. Kubalulekile ukwahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi abagulayo kwaye usempilweni, cishe akunakwenzeka kwi izizwe zasendle. Abo wanyamekela abagulayo, emva kokuphela komsebenzi kufuneka bagadwe kwiintsuku ezingama-21. contact ukrokrela kwaye esemagqagaleni kwiibhokisi ezizodwa, kwaphawuleka kule ngaxeshanye yaye apho kwagonywa immunoglobulin ethile zivela ihashe serum.