Bialowieza Forest - ubuncwane isizwe!

Yintoni Bialowieza Forest? Okokuqala, ngamasalela odwa inkulu oyidingayo emahlathini akudala kwi flat sezwe. Ngokutsho nokuqonda izazinzulu mihla, ihlathi ngamaxesha ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali yayimi e Europe, kodwa uye kolunye kusikwa phantsi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngendlela yayo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi original usekhona kuphela nje uluhlu enkulu kummandla kummandla Bialowieza, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ukwakweli amazwe iPoland Belarus.

yehlathi Geography

Bialowieza Forest - indawo, apho kuqhuba umda phakathi ezimbini ithi - the Republic of Belarus kunye the Republic of Poland. Okulandelayo kweli hlathi unyulu yomlambo odumileyo kokubhalwa kwembali ye-Black kunye eBaltic Seas. Le Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kule ndawo geographical yahlukile. Ukugcina oko kwi Bialowieza Forest esekwe iindlela ezine zokukhusela:

• ekhuselweyo zone;
• indawo zolonwabo;
• Zone ukusebenzisa elawulwa;
• indawo yezoqoqosho.

Ngaphezu koko, kulo mmandla wolondolozo lwendalo, ummandla buffer ngumntu. Forest, elise kumazwe Belarus kunye Poland, wahlukile ngokwenene kwaye uluhlu inkulu zonke amahlathi ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali nangoku ezikhoyo emhlabeni wethu. It esilawulwa amahlathi nompleyini (moss kunye blueberry), kunye seminyaka yobudala lomthi ngamnye - ubuncinane iminyaka engama-80.

A incinane

Le reserve njenge kummandla okhuselweyo unique wayesele esaziwa ngo-1409, lo unyaka. Emva koko, phezu kwetrone Polish wahlala ukumkani igama Jagiello. Kwaba impahla yakhe yabucala lo ehlathini. Yaba nguye lowo ngelo xesha elinye wakhupha umthetho, njengako konke kuzingela izilwanyana ezinkulu awayengabemi kummandla yehlathi relict, kuyathintelwa. "Belovezhskoe yobuncwane" yaba yinxalenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania ukususela kunyaka 1413th, yaye ngowe-1795, unyaka iRashiya abamanyileyo ehlathini.

"Abantwana bison yakho ..."

Ngaba ucinga ukuba odibanisa igama elithi "inyathi" kunye elithi 'ihlathi'? Oku la mazwi wokwenene ntonye. Khumbula amazwi ale ngoma odumileyo: "abantwana bison bakho abafuni kufa." Kwaye akukho ngozi. KoMlawuli Alexander I ngowe-1802, unyaka ummiselo wakhe esalelweyo ngokupheleleyo ukuzingela inyathi awayengabemi kummandla Bialowieza Forest.

Bonke elifanayo kunyaka 1802, le ndawo yaba yinxalenye kwiphondo Grodno, lo omfuziselo esemthethweni iyanakanwa bison. Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo kukhuseke reserve odumileyo bison. indawo kwayo kumiwa yi eninzi izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo. Makhe sithethe enezityalo nezilwanyana ehlathi.

Bialowieza Forest. Izilwanyana nezityalo

Ngokutsho inani iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezihlala kulo mmandla, Bialowieza Forest nanto kulo lonke elaseYurophu! Khawucinge nje: banda phantse 1000 iintlobo zezityalo zembewu kunye neembambano nemithambo. ababebhalise Kukho iintlobo 260 ezahlukeneyo moss, iintlobo 570 amakhowa, kunye neentlobo-300 ulele. "Bialowieza Forest" National Park - Kugcwele kuphela enezityalo, kodwa kananjalo "zoo" yokwenene zendalo.

Uluhlu flora endawo egciniweyo iquka iintlobo-60 ezahlukeneyo ezanyisayo, iintlobo 230 zeentaka, iintlobo 11 eziphila (eziphila), iintlobo-8 izirhubuluzi (izirhubuluzi), iintlobo-25 zeentlanzi kwaye inani elikhulu ezingenamqolo - ngaphezulu kwe 11000. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba inabantu abaninzi imiphefumlo bison phezu kummandla yehlathi Bialowieza.

Apha uyakwazi ukufumana Azityi ezinkulu ezinjengezo amaxhama, nelinqa, iielk, yasendle. izilwanyana ezitya lucaciswa kule ehlathini iingcuka, iimpungutye, iimbila, ingqawa, iilynx, marten, njl Izazi, zezinambuzane eyile, bathi kwi Bialowieza Forest wahlala ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye ezizodwa zabahlali hlobo ezingenamqolo. Ezi ziquka izinambuzane ngomthi ezibolileyo okanye ofileyo, xa amakhowa yemibhaka kunye ezingenamqolo ugwebe nomgxobhozo kunye amadobo.

Xa kwintsimi reserve omiweyo ungulate enkulu - khenketho. Ngelishwa, ngalo mzuzwana yabemi balo wafa ngokupheleleyo. Tours yanyamalala ebusweni Umhlaba ngenkulungwane XVII. Izazi, ababhali-mbali bathi zazinkulu kakhulu kwi "Bialowieza" iingxilimbela zangoku ezi ayabulala - bison. Ukunyaniseka, inyathi, nazo, nganeno ngaseludinini lokutshabalala ... Bona, njengamanye izilwanyana ezininzi ezihlala kuloo mmandla wolondolozo, zifakiwe kwi-International Red Book.

lemveli World

ipaki zikazwelonke ezibizwa ngokuba "Bialowieza Ihlathi" ngo-1992 yaqukwa kwi-ebizwa ngokuba yi-World List Heritage. Esi sigqibo fanele ku UNESCO. Ngaphezu koko, emva kanye konyaka omnye, epakini wafumana iwonga ekuthiwa-Biosphere Reserve. Ngowe-1997, egameni le reserve kwakhe wawongwa idiploma yeBhunga lombutho yaseYurophu ngamazwe ekhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwazo zonke iintlanga aseYurophu.

Esinye sezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo kwimbali kule ndawo ikhethekileyo yayiyinto nje - ngo-2014. Ngokutsho isigqibo iseshoni ye-World weKomiti Heritage, ungadlulanga owe-23 Juni 2014, epakini-reserve "Bialowieza Forest" endaweni yakhe Belarusian kwaye Polish yaba enye World Heritage Site yi UNESCO. Qiniseka ukuba batyelele le ndawo intle!