Yintoni ekufuneka ibe yinkcenkceshelo kwinjini? Isixhobo sokulinganisa injini

Ukuxinwa kweenjini zithetha iqondo loxinzelelo kwiisilinda kwisigaba sokugqibela sokunyanzelisa, ngelixa nje xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza ngoncedo lwenqakraza.

Kutheni ulinganise?

Ukuba okwakutshanje, i-unit unit yasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ingenazo izikhalazo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza amandla ayo ahlawule ngokugqithiseleyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokugcoba kwenyuka, kwaye kungabi nakubakho ukugqithisa - ezi zibonakaliso zokuthi ukunyanzeliswa kwiisilinda kuye kwehla.

Ukuqwalasela ukuba ngaba kunjalo, kunokwenzeka kuphela ngosizo lweemilinganiselo. Masizame ukufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi inkcenkcesho kufuneka ibe kwinjini kunye nendlela yokubala.

Ukuhlolisisa izinga lokuxinzezela kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ngokwaneleyo malunga neengxaki zeemoto. Akukho mfuneko yokususa injini okanye ukuyixuba.

Phakathi kwezizathu zokunciphisa izinga lokunyanzeliswa kwinqanaba le-piston kungabinxiba ibhanti ye-pistons okanye iisilinda, ukungasebenzi kwempahla yokuhambisa igesi kunye nezinye izizathu. Kwaye umnini wemoto, mhlawumbi, ukhanyisa ukulungiswa kweenjini (VAZ okanye enye imoto).

Amanqanaba okunyanzeliswa kwiimoto zepetroli

Iqondo lokunyanzeliswa ngumthamo we-cylinder ngexesha apho i-piston isesikhungweni sokufa esiphantsi. Le ndawo isithuba esiphezulu esicatshulwa ngumqulu ofanayo kunye ne-piston kwisikhulu esiphezulu esifileyo, oko kukuthi, ubuncinane ubunendawo.

Yintoni oyifunayo ukuba uyayiqonda ukuba iinkcukacha zobugcisa zibonisa uxinzelelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa? Masibe ne-compress ratio ibe ngu-10 Oku kuthetha ukuba umthamo ophezulu okhoyo weklasi elibasiweyo yelilinda enye likhulu ngokuphindwe kabini kunomlinganiselo omncinci. Ngako oko, umxube wamafutha uya kunciphisa amaxesha angama-10 ukusuka kwisixa esangena kwisilinda.

Kukho ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.

Olu xho mekeke lubekwe ngumlinge okhethekileyo. Iifutha zepetroli zilingana no-1,2-1,3. Ngoko ke, ukuba isilinganiselo sokuxilwa saziwa, kwaye la manani afunyanwa kumaphepha enqwelo, ngoko ke kunzima ukubala ukuba yiyiphi inkcenkcesho efunekayo kwinjini.

Ngokwemvelo, ezi zibalo zingahluka kakhulu kwi-passport yedatha efunwa ngumenzi. Ngenxa yokuba lo mpawu uxhomekeke kakhulu kwiqela lepiston eligqityiweyo . Ukukhawuleza ukuba iindawo zigqitywe, ngaphantsi kuya kuba yinqanaba lexinzelelo.

Ukunyanzeliswa okuphantsi kweenjini zepetroli kunye nokusebenza kwayo

Ngoko, yintoni umgca, xa umgangatho wexabiso elinikwe liphantsi kakhulu, kunye neyunithi kufuneka ilungiswe? Kukholelwa ukuba ngu 10-12% wezinga lokunyanzeliswa, oko kubakho abavelisi abajongweyo nabanikezelwayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ipasipoti ibonisa ukuba inqanaba kufuneka libe yi-12 kg / cm ² , kulula ukubala ukuba ukunyanzeliswa kwe-10.5 kuthi ngeemoto eziphosakeleyo. Ufuna ukulungiswa okukhulu.

Imilinganiselo kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo zemoto

Makhe sibone ukuba yiyiphi into ekufuneka ibe yinkcenkceshe kwinjini yeemoto ezidumileyo eRashiya. Kwiimodeli ezivela kwi-AvtoVAZ, ukususela ngo-2106 ukuya ku-2110, eli nani lisuka kwi-11 ukuya ku-13 kg / cm ² . I-Kia Rio, ngokutsho kwabavelisi, kuxhomekeke kunyaka wokukhululwa inqanaba le-12.75 ukuya ku-13. "I-Nissan Kashkay" inesisombululo se-12,5 ukuya kwi-12, ngokuxhomekeka kwimiqulu yenjini. Iimodeli ezivela kwiVolkswagen zivela kwi-12 ukuya ku-13. Inani lixhomekeke kumthamo weyunithi.

Ukunyanzeliswa kunye ne-diesel injini

Kwi-diesel ukufakwa, le pharamitha ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo, ibonisa isimo sezinto ezisetyenziswayo, kodwa kusekhona kuphela ukuqala kokuqala kokuqala kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Ungalibaleli ukuba udidi lokunciphisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwedizili ahluke. Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo luhlala luqhubeka. Ukunyanzeliswa kunesakhiwo sokutshintsha.

Kwi-diesel, ngokungafani neyunithi yepetroli, i-fuel flares up from the spark, kodwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-diesel kwifayilinda. Xa uxinzelelo luphakamileyo, i-fuel is hot and self-ignition. I-low down the compress, ephantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Ngoko, kuya kuba nzima ukuqala injini. Ingqinisiso yoxinzelelo kwi-injini yanamhlanje ingafumaneka kwi-35 kg / cm ² ukuya kwi-40 kg / cm ² . Makhe siqwalasele indlela yokulinganisa lesi sixalathisi.

Indlela yokulinganisela ukuxinwa kweenjini

Abaninzi abanamabhayiseli emoto bazama ukuzisusa zabo xa kukho naziphi na iingxaki. Iipistoni kunye neesilinda azikho. Kwaye ukuba ngokukhawuleza injini yalahlekelwa ukunyanzeliswa, ngoko kufuneka wenze ukuxilongwa kwaye wenze iimilinganiselo eziyimfuneko.

Ukulinganisa inqanaba lokunciphisa kunye necebo elithile. Le ngxaki. Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakuhle kwi-SRT, kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngokuzimeleyo. Zonke iifowuni zinokuhlulwa kwi-petroli, idizili okanye iifowuni. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokusebenza, ezi zixhobo zokulinganisa ziyahluka kakhulu.

Iintlobo ze-compressometer

Izixhobo zokuqhafaza zisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa kwimeko yokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kweseli. Ziyaziwa ngokuba khona kwiphubhu ekhethekileyo yerabha. Kuphela. Ukusebenza nale fowuni kudinga isibini sezandla.

Izixhobo ezixutywayo zingasetyenziswa ngokuzimela, kungekho ncediso lwabantu. Imitha kufuneka ichaneke kwisibini samakhandlela okanye kwindawo yombhobho. Ifowuni ifakwe ngokuxhomekeka nge-rubber bushing, eyenza le compressor isebenze ifowuni.

Intambo ekhethekileyo kwi-compressometer ene-flexible ikuvumela ukuba unyule ifowuni kwiimbobo zekhandlela.

Kwakhona, idizayini eguquguqukayo kakhulu inikeza ithuba elihle lokufezekisa ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuqhawula iindibano zeenjini.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-compressometer yendalo yonke ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuba yiyiphi inkcenkcesho ekhoyo kwi-injini ye-dizeli. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa kunye noxilongo lwenziwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuqhawula nayiphi na imibolo.

Iingcebiso zeengcali ekukhetheni isixhobo sokulinganisa

Ukufumana ukufundwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, abachwephetha batusa ukusebenzisa i-device efayiliweyo. Apha i valve ekulungiselela uxinzelelo kufuneka ifakwe phantsi kweyomometer, kodwa ekhanda, leyo leyo, ebuye ihlaselwe kwimingxuma ye-spark plugs. Ukuba le valve ibume ngokuchanekileyo, iziphumo aziyi kuncitshiswa.

Ukwazi ukuba kuluphi udidi lokunciphisa injini, unokubona ukuba ingakanani igesi ixininiswe kumagumbi aquthayo phantsi kwesenzo seyilinda. Ngethuba lokusebenza, kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa isilinda esilungile okanye esilungileyo.

Ukuba izinga lokunyanzeliswa kumagumbi okufudumalayo linciphisa, oku kuthetha ukuba ukutshintshwa kwamacenge e-piston kuyimfuneko , ikhandlela okanye iimbophu zensimbi ziphelile.

Iimfihlelo zemilinganiselo ezichanekileyo

Ukufumana umphumo ochanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukufudumala iyunithi kumaqondo ayo okushisa. Kwinkqubo, kucetyiswa ukucima ukunikezelwa kwamafutha kwinjinjini kwaye uphawule iiplaski. Ngaphambi kokuba ulinganise ukunyanzeliswa kweenjini, kukwacetyiswa ukuba uhlawule ngokupheleleyo ibhetri uze ukhangele inkwenkwezi yokusebenza.

Kuvaliwe okanye kuvuliwe

Ngethuba le nkqubo, i-throttle ingavulwa okanye ivaliwe. Ukuba iimilinganiselo zenziwa ukuze kuqaliswe izibandezelo, ngoko ke isikhundla se-flap sincike kwizinto ozenzayo.

Ukuba isivali sivaliwe, inani elincinci lomoya liya kungena kwiqela lepiston.

Ngoko uxinzelelo aluyi kuba lukhulu. Ngoko ukuvuza kufunyanwa. Emva kwakho konke, ukuncipha okuncinci kwintlupheko kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba lexinzelelo.

Ukuba i-flap ivuliwe, ivolumu yomoya iya kuba yanele ngokwaneleyo. Iqondo lokunyanzeliswa liya kulahla, nangona kungabalulekanga. Ukuvuza kungakhula. Kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuphuka kweepiston, ukuphuka okanye ukupheka kwamacenge e-piston, ukuchithwa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kweentsimbi, ukuphulwa kwejometri yee-cylinders.

I-algorithm yokulinganisa imilinganiselo

Okokuqala, susa iifowuni zekhandlela uze ukhuphe ikhandlela. Sebenza ngokucophelela ngendlela enokwenzeka - musa ukufaka ukungcola kwiimingxube zekhandlela. Cococa yonke isanti kunye nothuli oluhlanganiswe khona. Emva koko fakraza i-compressor kwenye yeemingxuma.

Vumela iqabane lakho lidibanise ngokupheleleyo i-pedelerator pedal kwaye ngexesha elinye liqale iqalo lokuqala. Le misebenzi kufuneka iphinde iphindwe de ukuba inaliti yamitha iyeke ukunyuka. Ukukhawulezisa i-accelerator ukuvula i-throttle.

Ukurekhoda ukufundwa kweseyile nganye. Emva koko fumana idatha eqhelekileyo yemoto yakho kunye nemizila. Ngoku, ukwazi ukuba kukuphi ukunyanzeliswa kufuneka kube kwinjini, kunye ne-mileage yemoto, uhlalutye uze uqhathanise idatha. Izibonakaliso zezilinda ezahlukeneyo akufanele zihluke kakhulu.

Izizathu zokungabikho koxinzelelo

Kwenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo luya kupheleka ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqhoxisa kungabangela ezininzi iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba akukho nzoxinaniso kwi-injini, izizathu zingaba kwi-low quality fuel and lubrication. Oku kubangela ukupheka kwindandatho yepiston okanye ukukhupha kwamanye amashishini.

Kwakhona, phakathi kwezizathu, ixabiso elincinci lee-chips liyakwazi ukwahlukana, elibonakala kwisigxina se-cylinder ngelixa i-motor iyasebenza. Akunjalo ama-chips ngokwawo asohlwayelwayo, kodwa i-scuffs kwi-cylinder. Kwakhona, ukuba i-gasket phantsi kwentloko ye-cylinder iphelile, oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo.

Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki?

Ukuba akukho nzoxinaniso kwi-injini, izizathu zolu hlobo zizahluka ngokupheleleyo. Ngaba unokuyicombulula le ngxaki? Le ndlela ikhona, kodwa akukho bani oqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwayo. Nangona abaninzi bancedisa.

Lungiselela ucoceko lwe-valves. Gweba i-spark plugs, uze uthele i-50 g yalo mxube kwi-cylinder yengxaki. Ungayigqiba ngokusebenzisa icompressometer. Shiya imoto ngeeyure ezingama-12 ekuphumleni okupheleleyo. Emva kokuskrola injini, hlambulula iiprogs, ulungelelanise izikhala kwaye ubeke yonke into kwindawo yayo.

Emva koko, phuma edolophini kwaye uhamba ngesivinini esikhulu malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30. Bhekishe kwakhona. Ukuba ukufundwa kweso sixhobo kusekho okufanayo, ngoko kufuneka ulungiswe ngokukhawuleza kwenjini, i-VAZ ngokukodwa, kuba le ngxaki eqhelekileyo kule mimoto.