Iinkqubo Sign: imizekelo, iintlobo kunye neentlobo

Iinkqubo Sign imiswe kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu. Oku kuyimfuneko nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo emfono ukuba kudluliswe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana - njengako nenhlalo ezininzi, inzululwazi iimpawu ekuqaleni wamitha njengendlela yonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu.

Yintoni semiotics?

Semiotics yi nesebe ulwazi lifunda iimpawu kwaye atyikitye iinkqubo. Oku kuvele kwi ekudibaneni lwamacandelo ezininzi - bengqondo, ibhayoloji, cybernetics, uncwadi kunye yokuhlalisana. Njengenxalenye semiotics abenze iinkalo ezintathu ezibanzi ulwazi. It syntactics, semantics, pragmatics. Syntactics uphonononga imithetho zilungiselelwe iindidi ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo mqondiso, iindlela, izixhobo, apho ukuzalana phakathi iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi. Unqontsonqa sifundo intsingiselo kwisemantiki - ubudlelwane phakathi umqondiso ngokwayo kunye nentsingiselo yalo. Pragmatics ufunda ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo basebenzisa ulwimi kwaye uninzi inkqubo lwezandla. Ngena - material into ethile (kwakunye isiganeko okanye nesenzeko), nto leyo cala isetyenziselwa endaweni enye into, iimpawu zayo okanye ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto.

Iinkqubo lwavuka Secondary

Ukongeza kwiiklasi eziphambili iinkqubo mqondiso, kukho kwakhona inkqubo umzekelo eziziisekondari. "Iikhowudi Cultural" Kungenjalo zibizwa. Olu didi lubandakanya zonke iintlobo zezicatshulwa yenkcubeko (ngaphandle ulwimi zendalo), imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, iintlobo zokuziphatha, izithethe, iintsomi kunye neenkolelo zonqulo. Iikhowudi Cultural zenzeka ngendlela efanayo njengolwimi yendalo. Basebenza ngenxa yesivumelwano phakathi kwamalungu oluntu. Izivumelwano okanye khowudi, ezaziwa zonke ilungu leqela.

Uphuhliso ingqondo ekufundeni kwinkqubo uphawu

Sele uyincutshe ekudlaleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo uphawu - oku kwakhona into ebalulekileyo yophuhliso imisebenzi eziphezulu engqondweni. Iinkqubo Semiotic ukuvumela umntu kakuhle inkcubeko yoluntu, iindlela eyamkelekileyo ngokwembali zokuziphatha, amava lwentlalo. Xa oku kusenzeka kunye nophuhliso sezingqondweni. Ukususela mizwa limalunga, ekuhambeni kwexesha ke yakhiwa yaba uthotho izakhono self-abayibona ngayo ekwenzeni uluvo oluthile malunga ngokwabo, logic lobuqu.

Usebenziso ngekhowudi kunye kokuhlaziya data

Xa psychology, imizekelo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo uphawu sasilu- kwimeko ukuhlanganisa lwabo kunye neenkqubo ngokwasengqondweni. ingqalelo Kuninzi ihlawulwe iimpawu neurophysiological. Kodwa njengendlela ukudlulisa ulwazi, ukwabelana izazinzulu ngolwazi esele ebukele. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abaphandi eli qhina yenkqubo khowudi usebenzisa iinkqubo lwezandla imifanekiso ebonwayo. umfanekiso-ngqondweni ufakwe kwi ingqondo amazwi yesithethi. Xa ingqondo, oko decoded yi kumphulaphuli. Le utshintshwano ezenzekayo ngexesha elinye, ihlale unexplored.

Iinkqubo uphawu Language: imizekelo

Kule mihla Ezolimi yi endle olutshintshayo ulwazi. indlela kweelwimi ezisetyenziswa Sciences ezininzi - umzekelo, xa ezizwe kunye psychoanalysis. Xa iyonke kukho ezintandathu iintlobo lweenkqubo mqondiso. Yinto iinkqubo zendalo, lenkundla, eqhelekileyo, inkqubo ukurekhoda, inkqubo ngomlomo. bahlale kuhlobo ngalunye zolwimi ngokunzulu.

inkqubo lenkundla

Umzekelo kweenkqubo uphawu lenkundla na izakhiwo, ibhaleyi, umculo, uhlobo non-ngomlomo zonxibelelwano. Zikholisa ukuba i Ukwanda ezele amacandelo engenamandla ngokwaneleyo iimvakalelo ezimise ezo njengenxalenye yamanqaku. Uphononongo yemizekelo eyahlukileyo lweenkqubo phawu lubonisa ukuba sisazinzulu akufuneki kuphela asebenzise iindlela njongo, kodwa kwakhona ngokuzimeleyo ukuze akwazi iintlobo imizekelo iimvakalelo, iimeko zonxibelelwano.

iimpawu zendalo

Le miqondiso zifumaneka kwindalo kunye kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokuqhelekileyo izinto ezithile okanye iziganeko zendalo akhomba kwezinye izifundo. Kungenjalo, zibizwa imiqondiso, iimpawu. Umzekelo iinkqubo lokomfuziselo enxulumene zendalo, kusenokuba imiqondiso yemozulu, i imizila izilwanyana. umfanekiso Classic yenkqubo semiotic luphawu yomsi ibonisa umlilo.

iimpawu yokusebenza

Olu hlobo lomsebenzi ukwasebenza iimpawu, iimpawu. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo zendalo, ubudlelwane esebenza kunye umqondiso into, leyo imele, ngenxa umsebenzi ethile, imisebenzi yabantu. Ngokomzekelo, ikhaya le kwi-sikhokelo semiotics umbhalo ibonisa inqanaba kakuhle-ntle onke. Beka iincwadi phezu kwithala inika ulwazi kumboniseli malunga Ukuthanda umnini kwithala leencwadi, inqanaba lophuhliso kwengqondo yakhe yokuziphatha. Kwakhona iisimboli ezisebenzayo ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukwenza isenzo. Umzekelo, utitshala ukhokela iklasi ngomnwe wakho kuluhlu abafundi kweli phephancwadi. Esi senzo kwakhona uphawu olusebenzayo - oko kuthetha ukuba kungekudala umntu uza kubizwa kwi ebhodini.

iimpawu Koventsionalnye

Lo mzekelo yinkqubo uphawu a ngenye eyaziwa ngokuba olunemiqathango. Igama "eqhelekileyo" livela conventio Latin - "isivumelwano". Iisimboli zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izinto ezinzulu zehlabathi "yimeko." Bona, bakholisa ukuba encinane kakhulu yokwenza nesibakala sokuba lokukhetha. Imizekelo iinkqubo mqondiso, ezinxulumene kulimo: imiqondiso yezithuthi, nezalathiso, iimpawu zokuzoba, iisimboli (swifanekiselo, iibheji).

Ngomlomo (voice) iinkqubo uphawu

Olu didi lubandakanya zonke iilwimi zabantu. ulwimi ngalunye ngokwembali zenza isiseko (babizwa ngokuba "isiseko semiotic"). Eyona iphambili ulwimi lwabantu kukuba ngamnye kubo Polystructural kumgangatho nkqubo. Le nkqubo iyakwazi yophuhliso phantse unlimited. inkqubo intetho yokomfuziselo yindlela osisityebi ukugcina, processing kunye ekudluliseleni ingcaciso engaphezulu.

iinkqubo uphawu

Olu didi semiotic kuquka iinkqubo umqondiso, nto leyo enokuvela ngokwesiseko amaqela ezidlulileyo - ngomlomo, umdaniso, umculo. iinkqubo zokurekhoda neZakhiwo na lesibini ukuya kula maqela. Kwavunyelwana nokufika yokubhala. Ngaphandle kweenkqubo ukurekhodwa kwemvelo cognitive bekuya kuba nzima.

amalinge Semiotic embalini

Umphengululi Greek uPlato kwabelwane zonke izandi kudidi wokuzila, omkhulu, ezingcakacileyo, ngeenxa zonke. M. V. Lomonosov waba noluvo lokuba phinda ulwimi olubhaliweyo okanye uthethe unobumba "A" kunegalelo umfanekiso ubungangamsha, ubunzulu kunye nokuphakama. Iileta "E" yaye "U" inceda ubonise ububele, izinto ezincinane, isisa. Le mibono eyayichazwe umsebenzi wakhe "A Emfutshane Guide to ubugagu."

Umphandi I. N. Gorelovym kwaqhutywa amava umdla. Izifundo bacelwa ukuba bachaze izilwanyana kwamnandi, ebizwa ngokuba 'mamlyna "yaye" zhavaruga ". Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwi ukucikideka njenge "mamlynu" uhlobo, sithantamise kunye elirhangqiweyo kwiifomu ezikhoyo. "Zhavaruga" liye labizwa ngokuba wasendle, sameva nokubi.

lulwimi ze KAboutData ayisekho

On the planet kukho iilwimi ezininzi kangaka, kunye neelwimi ezininzi nabafileyo - abo waphuma nokusetyenziswa. Ngaphandle koku, kodwa kukho abo ngomdla wasungula ezintsha. Imizekelo lweenkqubo uphawu ngumntu - a ezaziwayo-kakuhle Esperanto, ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze lohamba, Universalglot, lingua Catholic Solresol kunye nabanye abaninzi. Enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu Ithkuil idaliwe ngokusekelwe yeesimboli yamandulo. iilwimi ezingezizo wadala abantu, wenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Oku akusoloko kwakukho abo owayesebenza imisebenzi usayine kwinkqubo.

Enye lweelwimi ezininzi ezimangalisayo ngumntu - le ze KAboutData ayisekho. Ingcamango wokusungula kuqala kwenzeka ukuze umfundisi waseJamani ogama Martin Schleyer. Bogosluzhitel ixoxe ukuba ingcamango udale i ulwimi ngumntu yaphakanyiswa kuye seNkosi sibonakala ephupheni. Injongo yale unxibelelwano yaba lula ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze - Schleyer wayezama ukwakha ulwimi olulula jikelele. Njengesiseko wathabatha iilwimi zaseYurophu - Latin, IsiNgesi kunye nesiJamani. umfundisi wazama ukudala amazwi kolulodwa kuphela.

Ekuqaleni, uluntu iye yabonisa mdla kwiilwimi yokufakelwa. Noko ke, kwaba ukudala uluntu, nto leyo eyaqala okusasaza ulwazi malunga ulwimi olutsha. Ngenxa yoko, xa kwincopho ukuthandwa kwakhe, waba nezithuthi ezingaphezulu kwesinye ezilikhulu lamawaka.

ULwimi ze KAboutData ayisekho abaninzi baseYurophu kwabonakala kunokuba engaqhelekanga. Iqulathe iingcambu amazwi iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo yaseYurophu kwenza zingabonakali, kodwa kakhulu funny. Kude kube ngoku elithi "ze KAboutData ayisekho" kuthetha ububhanxa, gibberish. Nangona oku, ukuba uyayisusa awusokuze yayithandwa kude kube lixesha xa amaNazi German weza ngamandla.

Esperanto kunye nezinye iilwimi

Noko ke, xa sithetha iilwimi ngumntu, indawo yokuqala cinga ulwimi ekuthiwa Esperanto. Oku kwadalwa kwinkulungwane XIX ezifike yachuma kwada kwanamhla - ixhasa amakhulu amawaka abantu ehlabathini lonke.

Esperanto ayenziwanga ngengozi waba ethandwayo - yinto ulwimi olulula kakhulu, equlethe imithetho yegrama 16 kuphela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kungabikho ngaphandle. amagama Esperanto ziqulathe iingcambu iilwimi ezahlukeneyo yaseYurophu Slavic. Ngokukodwa ke baseMelika kuyaqondakala.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuba ibinzana elithi "iilwimi ngumntu" akazange enxibe okubi, baye babizwa "yesiqhelo". Ngqo status zolwimi kuphela kweno inani elaneleyo abathwali. Ukuba ulwimi ngumntu uthethe kuphela kumdlali inomfana nabo, ibizwa ngokuba "lingvoproektom".

Hi ndlela leyi, Esperanto, nangona bandile, waba na lokuqala iilwimi ezicwangcisiweyo. Le abbess yokuqala yasekwa igama Hildegard of Bingen. Yayibizwa ngokuba lingua Ignota ( «intetho ayaziwa"). Abbess Wathi yena wathumela kuye evela ezulwini. Le ulwimi ulwimi lwalo olubhaliweyo kunye nesichazi obucacisa mabinzana amawaka. iilwimi ezingezizo zadalwa kwaye eMpuma. Umzekelo, isitshixo i "ibhola-ibalan". Kuye ezaqanjwa Sheikh Muhieddin, esebenzisa njengesiseko i wasePersi, Arabic kunye nesiTurkish.

binary

iilwimi ezininzi lokwenziwa zadalwa ngokusekelwe kwindlela uphawu okhoyo, yokubini ngoko usebenzisa amanani, kungekhona njengendlela yonxibelelwano. Yaziwa, ulwazi oluthile lurekhodwa kusetyenziswe amanani amabini - 0 no 1. Xa kwakukho iikhompyutha kunye kwinkqubo - ngokuphindwe kathathu. Kodwa yokubini - yeyona lula ubugcisa yedijithali. Inkqubo binary 1 no 0 mqondiso amele ubukho okanye ukungabikho umqondiso.

Solresol: umbono ongaqhelekanga imvumi

Ekuqaleni mvumi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba Fransua Syudr waseFransi ekwabelwana noluntu ingcamango engaqhelekanga; wenza i ulwimi ngumntu ebizwa Solresol. amazwi akhe, ezibe ngaphezu ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka, ebhalwe ngoncedo lomculo. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa ingcamango, ngelo wokuqala nje umdlalo zomculo yengqondo kwaduma. ulwimi Solresol iye yazuza udumo phakathi koogxa bakhe, kuba kumanqaku ziyimifuziselo ngamazwe.