I-Constellation Cygnus: is schematic. Imbali ye-Cygnus yamagama. Kulunge nini ukugcina amaqhekeza

Ukuba ubheka ubusuku obukhanyayo esibhakabhakeni, intloko yakho ingahamba nenani elikhulu leenkwenkwezi. Isikhundla esikhulu sithuba ngaphezu kweentloko zethu siye sazenzela yona, sithatha ngeemfihlelo zayo. Ukuze kube lula, zonke iinkwenkwezi ezininzi zihlukaniswe zibe ngamaqela. Xa kungcono ukugcina nganye yazo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yayo. Ukuba sisuka eMhlabeni ukuya endaweni, kuya kuba nzima ukudibana nento efana nesimo sasezulwini esaziwayo kuthi ukususela ebuntwaneni. Izinto ezizenzayo njengeenkwenkwezi, njengokuba kunjalo, zichithachitha kwaye ziyeke ukudala enye enye. Konke ngenxa yokuba nayiphi na i-constellation ibonakaliswe kwinqanaba lezulu apho zonke izidumbu ze-cosmic zifakwa khona, zivela apha kumbono wombonisi. Enyanisweni, umgama phakathi kwabo unokuba yiminyaka emibini yokukhanya.

Enye yeemifanekiso ezidumileyo zasezulwini yiCygnus ye-constellation. Inkqubo yeentaka ezindizayo iquka iinkwenkwezi ezili-150, ezininzi zazo ziphakathi kwezinto ezigqamile ezibonakalayo emhlabeni. Ndiyabulela kubo, i-constellation Cygnus ilula kakhulu ukuyifumana esibhakabhakeni.

Ukuqwalaselwa

Abaninzi beenkwenkwezi zezinto ezivela ebuntwaneni bayazi ukuba iCygnus ye-constellation ibonakala njani. Ienkwenkwezi ezenzayo zihlanganiswe emfanekisweni ofana nomnqamlezo ofana nentaka enkulu enentamo ende kunye namaphiko amakhulu. I-silhouette inikeza impendulo engabonakaliyo kumbuzo, kutheni i-constellation ye-Cygnus ibizwa kanjalo.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokujonga kwakhe lihlobo. Nangona kunjalo, i-swan ibonakala kulo nyaka. Ukuze ufunde lula kakhulu kwi-asterism eyaziwayo (iqela eliqhelekileyo leenkwenkwezi eziqhakazile) "I-Triangle yeTyhuna". Ingxenye yinkwenkwezi kwi-constellation Cygnus ebizwa ngokuba nguDeneb. Eminye iminqophiso emibili yiVega neAltair, enye yezona ndawo ziqhakazile zebhakabhaka ebusuku. I-constellation Cygnus yabantwana kunye nabazali babo, ukuthanda i-astronomy, iyamthakazelisa ngenxa yokuba iselula iMilky Way.

Imbali

Imephu yezulu eyaziwa kuthi namhlanje ayizange ibe njalo. Ngokwengxenye kuba iinkwenkwezi ziguquka ngexesha. Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa kwiimeko ze-cosmic bodies. Ngokomzekelo, kwisiza sePolar Star, kanye ngexesha elide elidlulileyo, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-17 eyiminyaka edlulileyo, kukho uDeneb okhankanywe ngasentla.

Esinye isizathu sokungafani phakathi kwamabala asezulwini okwangoku kunye nokudlulileyo kukuhlanganiswa kweenkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo ngamaqela. Enye yeenkcazo zokuqala zeenkwenkwezi zithathwa kwi-275 BC. E. Yadalwa ngumlobi waseGrike uArt. Lo msebenzi ke, emva kweenkulungwane ezine, uhlaziywe nguPtolemy. "I-Almagest" yakhe iqulethe uluhlu lweenkwenkwezi ezingama-48. Omnye wabo (Argo) wabuya wahlula ahlukeneyo amathathu (iKiel, Korma, Sail, iCompass), ngelixa abanye begcina igama labo ngoku.

Namhlanje, izazinzulu zicula iingqungquthela ezingama-88. I-swan ibhekisela kubantu basendulo abakhulunywe kuluhlu lukaPtolemy. Enyanisweni, ngelo xesha wayeyaziwa njengeNyoni. Imbali ye-constellation Cygnus ibandakanya ukukhankanywa kwincwadi ye-astronomer Eudoxus kaCnidus, ethandana nekhulu lesine BC. Amagama ezikhanyiso kwi-Cygnus asikhumbuza ixesha apho ininzi yesayensi, kuquka neenkwenkwezi, zenziwa kwiMpuma, kumazwe aseArabhu.

Star Bridge

Inkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo yeCygnus yenkwenkwe yiDeneb, okanye i-Alpha Cygnus. Nge-Arabhu, igama layo lithetha "umsila". Ukutyunjwa kuhambelana nendawo yayo. UDeneb uhlotshiswe yi-constellation Cygnus (iboniswe ngezantsi) kwindawo apho umsila weentaka ikhona. Into leyo ingokwamalungu amhlophe. Ukuqondwa kweenkwenkwezi kuyaqatshelwa kakuhle ukuba siyayithelekisa kunye nelikhanyiso. Ngoko, ubunzima bukaDeneb buyingcongolo yesibini. Umgama ukusuka kuMhlaba ukuya kwiDeneb, ngokweengqungquthela ezahlukeneyo, uvela kwi-1.55 ukuya kwi-2.6 leminyaka yokukhanya. Ngexesha elifanayo, kubonakala ngokucacileyo esibhakabhakeni, ekubeni ukukhanya kwayo kubangaphezu kweeyure ezingama-270 zamawaka.

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, uDeneb ungena kwiCat Triangle. Inqaku elihle laseTshayina lidibaniswa neenkwenkwezi eziqongweni zalo, apho uDeneb ibonakala njengebhuloho phakathi kwabathandi abamele esibhakabhakeni nguVega no-Altair. Ngokomlando, kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Kulo busuku, abathandi banokuchitha kunye kunye. Emva koko baya kuphinda bahlukane omnye unyaka.

Crown

Ukuchasene noDeneb ingongoma ye-constellation Cygnus ngu-Albireo (iBeta Cygnus). Isithsaba intloko yentaka. Ukuze uqonde indlela i-cygnus ebonakala ngayo kunye nalapho ikhona khona, kwanele ukufumana ezi zimbini ezikhanyayo. U-Albireo, onjengoDeneb, ubonakala ngeso iso. Abo bathatha isigqibo sokuyifundela nge-telescope baya kufumana umfanekiso okhangele ngakumbi. Albireo yinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ezimbini. Inkulu kunazo zonke, i-Albireo A, isiqhwala sase-orange. Umlingane wakhe uyinkwenkwezi ebhakabhaka elandelelanayo, u-Albireo B. Igama leenkwenkwezi elivela kwisi-Arabhu liguqulelwe ngokuthi "umlomo wekhuku".

IGamma kunye ne-delta yase-Swan

Ingongoma ephambili yenkqantosi yiSadr, oku kuthetha "isifuba". Le yinkwenkwezi yebini eqaqambileyo. I-Sadr (i-Gamma Cygnus) yinto ephezulu kakhulu yeklasi ye-F8, kunye nexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweentsuku ezingama-74. Ubunzima, bubungaphezu kwamaxesha angama-12 ngaphezu kwelanga.

Ukulandela uSadr ekukhanyeni yi-Swan Delta. Yinkwenkwezi yeenkwenkwezi ezimbini , ezikude kwiminyaka eyi-170 yokukhanya evela eMhlabeni. Ukwahlula oku kunzima kakhulu kuno-Albireo. Delta iquka iinkwenkwezi ezimbini, ezikufutshane, kunye nexesha lokusasaza iminyaka engama-537. Iyokuqala i-giant ebomvu nelomhlophe ephethe ukukhanya okuphezulu kunokuba yelanga. Ummelwane wakhe uyinkwenkwezi ebomvu neyimhlophe, engathandeki kuyo yonke into.

Umgangatho

I-Epsilon Cygnus okanye iJanak - ingongoma ebalulekileyo kungekhona kwimephu yenkwenkwezi yeenkwenkwezi, kodwa nakwizibalo zeenkwenkwezi. Iminyaka engama-73 yokukhanya evela eMhlabeni. Kwiinguqulelo zeJenakh, okanye i-Hyenas, ithetha "iphiko": igama linika inkcazo epheleleyo yendawo yayo kwinqanaba. Ikhanya ngokuphindaphindiweyo izikhathi ezingama-62 kuneLanga.

Indima ekhethekileyo yeJenakh kwisayensi inokuthi i-spectrum yayo imilinganiselo yokuhlelwa kwezinye iinkwenkwezi. Ukongezelela, kwakukho kule ndawo yendawo eyenziwa nguNiftune ngo-1846.

Umlambo ongasemntla

I-constellation Cygnus yabantwana kunye nabantu abadala bayaziwa ngolunye u-asterism, obizwa ngokuba yiNorthern Cross. Yakhiwe iinkwenkwezi ezintlanu ezichazwe. Kwisihlalo ngu-Albireo, ophezulu ukhankanywe nguDeneb, phakathi kwe-asterism yiSadr, kunye namacala - iJenakh kunye ne-Swan Delta. Le ngongoma eqaqambileyo eyenza i-Swan. I-Constellation (ifoto isinika kakuhle ukuyiqonda) ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokukhanya okukhulu kwezinye izinto. Kakade ke, iinkwenkwezi ezintlanu azikhupha izinto ezithakazelisayo zeentaka zasezulwini. Nangona kunjalo, yiMntla weNyakatho eyenza i-constellation yase-Swan ibonakale. Indlela yokuyifumana, ngokuqhelekileyo ayicingi ukuba: i-asterism iyaziwa phantse wonke umntu.

Omnye "uluntu"

Enye into enomdla yenkqantosi yi-61 Cygnus, inkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ezimbini. Iqukethe amabini amantombazana ase-orange. Njengo-Albireo, inkqubo ibonakala kuMhlaba kwaye iyafumaneka ukufundisisa. Ubuxoki balo obuyingqayizivele kwi-61 Cygni yile yenani leenkwenkwezi eziseduze neLanga (umgama ukusuka kwisikhanyiso sethu ngu-11.36 ukukhanya-iminyaka). Ukongezelela, unesistim esichukumisayo kwaye sinomlinganiselo omncinane wezinto ezifanayo ezibonakalayo emhlabeni. I-Swan yaseburhulumenteni iyaziwa ngenxa yoluvo kwi-astronomy phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo ukuba inenkqubo yeplanethi. Idatha entsha efunyenwe ukususela ngoko ayiyixhasi i-hypothesis, kodwa inkwenkwezi iyaqhubeka iyigxinininzi lwazinzulu ezininzi.

Enye into enomdla ngumngca omnyama we-Cygnus X-1, osekufutshane ne-61 Cygnus. Lo ngumthombo oqaqambileyo we-ray ray X-ray kwi-constellation. I-Swan X-1 iboniswe ngezinto ezimbini: enye yazo iyinkwenkwezi ebhakabhaka eqaqambileyo, enye ingumlingane wayo, ayifumaneki ukubonwa. Izaphulo zivela ekuphumeni kwenkalo yeenkwenkwezi eziluhlaza okomvu ukuya kwindawo emnyama. Kwinkqubo yokuyithutha ivuselela kwiindawo ezininzi zokushisa, kwaye ezinye zazo ziphonswa ngaphandle kwendawo ngeendlela ezimbini zeetayiti ezijoliswe kumacala ahlukeneyo kwizinto. Ubume be-black hole I-Cygnus X-1 efunyenwe kwiminyaka engama-70 yekhulu lokugqibela.

Nebulae

Ienkwenkwezi azizona zinto kuphela eziza kwi-Cygnus ye-constellation. Iskimu sawo siquka indawo emnyama, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Northern Coal Bag". Leli lizwe elingu-cloud of dust and gas that is close to our Galaxy. Kukho nenani le-nebulae. Izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zendawo, ezibizwa ngokuba yiCheyile okanye iNethiwekhi (NGC 6960 kunye ne-NGC 6992), yimiphumo yokuqhuma kwe-supernova eyenzeka iminyaka engama-40 000 edlulileyo. Kumngxuma osentshonalanga weLiveli uhleli kwiNew Broom Nebula, ukubetha ngobuhle kwizithombe ezithathwe ngoncedo lweetelesiko.

Inkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo kwi-constellation Cygnus, uDeneb, ibonisa indawo eneendawo ezine-nebulae: iNtshona Melika (NGC 7000) ne-Pelican (IC 5070). Ubume bokuqala bufana kakhulu nelizwekazi eliqaqambileyo. Kanye neNelican Nebula, batyula iminyaka engama-50. Ukusuka eMhlabeni, bangabonwa ngeso iso, ngaphandle kokuba umbonisi uya kuba kwindawo ekude kweso sixeko kunye naluphi na ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Ziye zenziwe ngefomati elincinci elingaqhelekanga kwintshona-ntshona yeenkwenkwezi eziqaqambileyo. I-Constellation, ifoto apho, kunye nayo yonke i-nebulae iya kuba yinto enomdla kakhulu ekuqwalaseleni yonke into, iyaziwayo nje kuphela ngeenkwenkwezi zayo eziqaqambileyo nezinye izinto zendawo ezakhelene nazo. Ngaloo ndlela, umfanekiso weentaka ezintle kunye nembali yokubonakala kwenkwenkwezi kubonakala kwimbali yamandulo.

Orpheus ne lyre

Swan - iqhawe lamaninzi kunye neengcamango. Njengoko kuthi, nakwinkcubeko yangaphandle, le ntaka yayisisimboli sobuhle, ubumsulwa bomphefumlo, ubugcisa. Ezinye iinkolelo zikwazisa nendlela i-constellation Cygnus yabonakala ngayo esibhakabhakeni. Ingcamango, kubantwana abanikwe kwiincwadi zezifundo zesekondari, idibene ne-Orpheus yomculo waseGrike wamandulo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ebuyile kummandla wabafileyo ku-Eurydice othandekayo, waphula umthetho wokunqabela ukubuyela endleleni kwaye waphelelwa yilapha ithuba lokuhlangana kwakhona nentanda yakhe. Ebuhlungu, wajikeleza ngehlabathi iminyaka emininzi, wahlala ethembekile ku-Eurydice kwaye akavumelanga amanye amantombazana, apho ayebhekwa njengengqondo ye-misogynist. Ngesinye isikhathi, ebhankini lomlambo waseGerb, wadibana neqela lamaCacchantes, abathandi beDionysus. Emva kokufunda ngo-Orfus, batshisa ngomsindo baze bamqabula, baphosa ingoma yomculi kunye nentloko yakhe emanzini. Oothixo base-Olympus abazange bahlale bengenamdla kwiqhawe, ababethemba iitalente zabo. Ngokomnye umxholo wengqungquthela, umphefumlo ka-Orphes kunye neengoma zakhe zaqhutyelwa ezulwini. Ngako oko kubonakala iinqununu zaseLyra ne-Swan, ezikufuphi.

IPeteton

Kukho iimbali ezininzi ezichaza ukuba kutheni namhlanje sinokuqwalasela i-cygnus ye-constellation. Umlando uxelela ngonyana kaHelios, unkulunkulu welanga, iPeteton. Umntu, wayefuna ukubonakalisa imvelaphi yakhe waza wancenga uyise ukuba amkhwelise kwinqwelo yokukhanya kwelanga esibhakabhakeni. UHelios wavuma. Iqhosha likaPetonon lahluleka ukujamelana namahashe atshisayo waza wawela entolongweni waya emlanjeni. Ehlabathini lomhlala wakhe, uKukn, umhlobo ozinikeleyo, wayefuna ixesha elide. Oothixo, bebona indlela edabukisayo ngayo, wajika waba yintlanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, wayehlala emanzini. Ufuna ukuqhubela phambili ubungani obungathandekiyo, uZeus wabekwa esibhakabhakeni se-Cygnus. Ingqungquthela, ephakathi kwayo iqhawe elithi Kikn, itholakala kwezinye iindidi. Igama lakhe lithetha "i-swan" ngesiGrike.

Iintlobo ezivela kwimvelaphi nokufa kweKakna

Iqhawe, kamva liphendukele kwiinyoni ezintle, kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zazingumntwana omnye okanye omnye uthixo. Ozelwe kuApollo, uKukn wawa echibini, okwakubizwa ngokuba yiKagnean. Njengoko unyana kaPoseidon noKaliki, udibana namanqaku malunga neMfazwe yeTrojan. Ngokomlando, wabulawa ngu-Achilles, kunye noyise wakhe wajika uKakna wangena kwi-swan. Ingqungquthela yesithathu ichaza ukuba abazali bakhe babengama- Ares, unkulunkulu wemfazwe, noPelopia. Umgca uthi u-Kikna ukwazi ukulawula inqwelo. Wayekuthanda ukumema zonke iindwendwe ezazivakatyele indlu ukuya kukhuphiswano. Ukunqoba kwakungabikho emva kweKiknom de idilesi yakhe yaba nguHercules. Wadlula unyana ka-Ares waza wonakalisa unkulunkulu wemfazwe ngokwakhe. UZeus kwafuneka angenelele kwimeko. Ngenxa yoko, iKukn yajika yaba yintlanzi.

Ukubethela

Kwixesha lexesha elizayo lizaliswe ngentsingiselo yayo yeCygnus ye-constellation. Iskimu sakhe kwiimephu zeXVII inkulungwane kwaye kamva yayithatyathwa yinto yomfanekiso kaKristu obethelelwe esiphambanweni. Akukho nxaxheba encinci kule nkcazo idlalwe yiNorth Cross, i-asterism ephawulekayo esuka eMhlabeni. Ulungelelwano kunye nokubethela esiphambanweni lufunyenwe kumaphepha angaphambili. Kwindlela yokuphathwa kweSt. Gregory of Tours, ngo-592, ichazwa kwi-Cross Cross, ebonisa ulwalamano lwayo kwi-Cygnus ye-constellation. Ngokomntu ongcwele, wayekho phakathi kweleta i-alpha kunye ne-omega, "ebhaliweyo" ngeenkwenkwezi zaseDolphin naseLyra, ngokulandelanayo. Iimpawu ezinjalo zihambelana necaphuno esivela kwisityhilelo sikaYohane, apho uKristu ovusiweyo ebiza ngokuba nguAlfa no-Omega, isiqalo kunye nokuphela.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba umfanekiso wesiphambanxu usithumelela kwi-Orpheus. Ngokwabanye abaphengululi, amaRoma ekuqaleni kokholo olutsha wayeboleka isimboli soothixo obethelelwe esiphambanweni kwiintlanga, ezachaza u-Orpheus. Le ngcamango iphinda ixhunywe ngumtya omnye, i-constellation Cygnus, inkolelo yomsomi kunye nomxholo weBhayibhile.

Isikhala esineenkwenkwezi, ukubetha ngobuhle bayo kwaye kungabikho nje ukukhanga iimbono, kodwa kunye neengcamango zabantu, kwixesha la mandulo lenza ubulumko ngakumbi ukufuna ingcaciso kuzo zonke ezi zinto zizukileyo. I-constellation Cygnus ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuthi imfuneko yokuqonda indawo engasifumanekanga ngoncedo lwezandla zobugcisa ibonakaliswe kwizibongo kunye neengcamango. Mhlawumbi, ukuba iimbono zasendulo zazingekho phantsi kwiimbali kunye neengcinga zeengcinga, sasingazazi malunga nabo nesiqingatha salaziwa namhlanje.

Abantu banamhlanje abaye banqatshelwe umnqweno wokuqonda oko kulandela amanqaku amaninzi ebhakabhaka ebusuku. Ukubala ngokuqinileyo kwezenzululwazi, umntu unokubona iphupha lokuqonda imfihlelo yezulu, ukwazi imithetho yayo kunye nokuqonda okunembile kokungakwazi ukubeka konke ukungenakwenzeka kwayo engqondweni yomntu. Imifanekiso ye-telescope yeHubble kunye "nabalingane" bayo ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela esondelene ngayo nenyaniso yabangumbongo basendulo ekuqondeni ubuhle obululwe ngaphezu kweentloko zethu. Ukujonga kwiifoto, kulula ukukholelwa ukuba phakathi kobuqaqawuli obuqhaqha beenkwenkwezi ne-nebulae, akukho oothixo abaya kuzinqanda ukuhlala.