Yintoni iBhaso owazuza kwaye olusetyenziselwe wona kunikezelwa. Abaphumelele abadumileyo ngamagama owazuza Prize

Namhlanje, ibhaso owazuza yenye edumileyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amabhaso kunayo ehlabathini kucholacholo lweendaba, photojournalism, umculo, uncwadi nobugcisa enza. Waye wamkelwa elinesixhenxe Agasti 1903 uYosefu owazuza, owaba ngumvakalisi ezaziwayo-kakuhle American nentatheli, ogama lakhe nangoku ezinxulumene ne ukuvela i "press elityheli" ye uhlobo.

Dzhozef Pulittser wazalwa ngo-Apreli 1847 e Hungary. Emva kokuba izwe ukuba kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe engukumkani eUnited States, ngo-1878 othenga ezimbini iphephandaba ezaziwayo-kakuhle American - "St. Louis Dispatch" yaye "St. Louis Post", kwaye iba ngamaxesha omtsha - ". St. Louis Post-Dispatch" Kananjalo, ndikholose ngamandla eendaba phezu neengqondo zabantu, owazuza isebenzisa uhlelo yayo kupapashwa amanqaku ixakayo kwaye ingacaci equlathe ukugxekwa yezenzo ngabasemagunyeni. Kungekudala, uhlelo wakhe waba ngomnye inzuzo kakhulu kwaye zinamandla kwi-United States. Ngowe-1883, yena uthenga i New York yeHlabathi, kwaye esenza sibe kwiphephandaba ethandwayo, zizele indaba zepolitiki, intw 'nalawa kunye nemifanekiso. Esiyifumana ukupapashwa kwiphephandaba nzuzo Dzhozef Pulittser School of Journalism kudala noseka ibhaso odumileyo.

Ngokwemveli, ngeMbasa owazuza inikezelwe ukuba ngoMvulo wokuqala ngoMeyi amalungu eUnited States kwiYunivesithi Columbia for impumelelo ebalaseleyo endle iincwadi nobuntatheli. imali ekhokhelwa ulonyulo ezininzi amawaka alishumi eerandi. Ngokwahlukeneyo, udidi "Ukuze inkonzo eluntwini", ogama winner ifumana nemivuzo nje kuphela yemali, kodwa imbasa yegolide "Kuba inkonzo nikufanele kuluntu."

Xa iyonke kukho okwangoku malunga 25 abatyunjiweyo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo 14 ezinxulumene ngqo lobuntatheli. ngonyaka ngamnye, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo amabhaso yoncwadi amagama ezintandathu: "Kuba incwadi fiction ebhalwe ngumbhali American of America"; "Kuba kwincwadi engobomi bomntu okanye kwibali umbhali American", "Kuba incwadi kwimbali USA", "Kuba umdlalo ilungileyo", "Kuba mbongo," yaye "Kuba Non-Bubuxoki." Ngokutsho iingxelo zembali, ibhaso owazuza (incwadi) zange imbasa izihlandlo ezilishumi, njengoko ngelithi ayikwazanga ukuchonga nawuphi na umsebenzi, ufanelwe la mabhaso.

Indaba

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ibhaso owazuza wafika ngowe-1903, xa zabuya ukuthanda Dzhozefa Pulittsera. Kuye kwanikezelwa yokuqala 1917. Ngokutsho yesivumelwano phakathi University Columbia (phantsi kwephiko le-Faculty of Journalism leyo ethatha indawo ngonyaka ibhaso presentation) kunye owazuza, inxalenye yemali ye umvuzo umvuzo wonyaka aveza owazuza Foundation, kwenziwa ngeendleko-mabini lesigidi ukuya eyunivesithi. Ngoko ke, yonyaka-mali yemali umvuzo kuthetha ukuba malunga 550 lamawaka eerandi. Ukongeza iminikelo of zabarhwebi, kwenye ingxowa-mali wadalwa-1970, nto leyo yatsala mali ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela intlawulo eli bhaso libaluleke kangaka.

Inani atyunjiweyo kunye amabhaso avela nazo kuphela kwandisa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko ke, ngo-1922, okokuqala wabonakala ibhaso ngenxa ikhathuni ilungileyo, kwaye ngo-1942 ibhaso yawongwa kuqala photo engcono. kamva A elincinane ukutyunjwa zokuvuma zibhetele yeqonga kumabala emidlalo. Ukongeza, ngoMeyi 2006 phakathi contenders kuba owazuza Prize iquka iphepha nje kuphela, kodwa umsebenzi elektroniki.

Ukhuphiswano ejaji

Owazuza Prize inikezelwe yi Bhodi yeTrasti University Columbia kwiziphumo zeBhodi Advisory. Yile umzimba lalo ilizwi enokugqiba abaphumeleleyo. Amalungu eBhodi Zengcebiso ukuseka imiqathango eli bhaso.

Ekuqaleni, iBhodi liqulethe kuphela ye-nxaxheba ezilishumi elinantathu, kodwa yoo-1990 kwakukho abantu elinesixhenxe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ikomiti owazuza iquka iingcali-19, phakathi kwabo Prize umlawuli, abavakalisi ezintlanu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, wemihlathi mnye, abahleli, yaye abathandathu oosonzululwazi ezintandathu.

imisebenzi wokhuphiswano wekomiti ibhaso le nto rhoqo baboniswa nokugxekwa luluntu. Qho ngonyaka ejaji wafumana izityholo ezininzi icala kunye ukujongwa kwi nokunikwa bhaso libaluleke kangaka. Noko ke, ngokutsho ngokokuthanda unguMdali owazuza Prize, ukutshintsha indlela yale nkqubo akwenzeki.

Process Award

Ngokutsho bhaso charter, kuba yokutyunjwa kucholacholo lweendaba kufuneka ayise umbandela in ifomu ephepheni ungadlulanga umhla wokuqala kuFebruwari kulo nyaka. Ngokuba imisebenzi zoncwadi ngomhla uya kuba Julayi 1 kunyaka ophelileyo ngenxa iincwadi, apapashwa ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni; noNovemba 1 iincwadi ezipapashwe ukusuka ngoJulayi ukuya kuDisemba.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo udidi yintatheli ingafunwa egameni lakhe nawuphi na umntu ngexesha lonke ixesha esiqendu. Into esemqoka ukuba isindululo yanikezelwa kunye iikopi zala maxwebhu engqina umgqatswa elifanelekileyo eli bhaso. Njengoko uncwadi, iBhunga kufuneka unikezele amaphepha anestampu amane yokutyumba ethunyelwe incwadi ibuyekezwe. Kwenziwa inkqubo efanayo isetyenziswa ukulinganisa ibhaso ezininzi Russian zoncwadi. Kodwa ke imisebenzi zomculo kwaye sedrama abanokutyunjelwa la mabhaso hayi umhla wokuqala kweyoKwindla kulo nyaka, yaye kuphela phantsi komqathango ukuba onke amalungu ngelithi aqhelene intsebenzo yazo noluntu.

Isigqibo kwi ngokunika ibhaso bafumana ngokukodwa abaqeshwe yi-University kudidi ngalunye yi labagwebi. ejaji nganye iya ilungise uludwe lwabagqatswa amathathu zize zizingenise kwi-owazuza Prize Board. IBhunga, nayo, uhlolisisa zonke izinto phambi kokuba, kubandakanywa imithombo ezibhaliweyo, iingcebiso kunye nemisebenzi abatyunjwa, uze phambili babe sele reference zabo ukuba imvume Board of Trustees University Columbia. Trustees ezikhethiweyo zeBhodi kunye ngokukhawuleza ukubhengeza abaphumelele, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba nokuphunyezwa itheko esemthethweni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba azazi Trasti okanye amalungu ngelithi akakwazi nefuthe ukhetho yeBhodi. Amalungu ayo isigqibo ukunikezelwa yomtyunjwa, kungakhathaliseki iingcebiso labagwebi. Akukho lwabathenjwa, amalungu ngelithi okanye iBhunga na ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo okanye ivoti ukuba umvuzo wabanikela kuchaphazela izinto zabo. ubulungu iBhunga kuphela ngokwemigaqo ezintathu iminyaka emithathu nganye, kwaye izithuba ezikhoyo zizaliswe efihlakeleyo yebhalothi, apho kufuneka ukuba baye onke amalungu akhoyo eBhodi.

Abaphumeleleyo kakhulu adumileyo owazuza Prize

Ukususela ukuvela kwalo Prize yaba ezininzi ababhali kunye iintatheli, phakathi kwabo bobabini kakuhle waziwa azikhange zikhunjulwe ababhali zoluntu. Ophumelele yokuqala bhaso yaba intatheli yaseMelika uHerbert Bayard, ngubani wawongwa eli bhaso libaluleke kangaka ukuba uthotho lwamanqaku phantsi kwesihloko "Ngaphakathi uBukhosi German."

Kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo ibhaso zoncwadi imbasa imisebenzi ezifana 'Zazingekho kunye Wind "yi uMargaret Mitchell," Indoda Endala kunye uLwandle "Ernest Hemingway, kwakunye inoveli Harper Lee" Ukuze Bulala i Mockingbird. " Ngelo xesha linye isininzi ncwadi yaphumelela ibhaso owazuza, akuzange phakathi-amagwinya, kwakunye kokufumana iqonga mbasa ludlala engazange kwiqonga elibanzi.

Ke winners bezinye iintlanga owazuza Prize, umtyunjwa yokuqala yaba unondaba Russian Artyom Borovik kunye ingxelo yakhe "Room 19" kwimisebenzi zobuchopho le Institute. Kwakhona ku-Apreli 2011, umvuzo yawongwa Anne Politkovskoy ukuba umlando eneenkcukacha imfazwe e Chechnya. Enye intatheli Russian - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - amatyeli amabini winner ibhaso ngenxa ekuhlanganiseni kwaso Moscow putsch ngo-1991 kunye photos Boris Yeltsin.

Owazuza Prize for uncwadi. Ezona mpawu ziphambili yesahlulo

Njengoko sibonile ngaphambili, ngeMbasa owazuza uncwadi, ngokuchaseneyo abaphumeleleyo kwezinye iindidi azikho ababhali basoloko eyaziwayo kwaye ezaziwayo. Nangona Iphaneli yabagwebi basoloko abatyholwa kwekhono kunye nobuqhophololo. Oku ikakhulu livela yokuba amalungu ayo zilandele ngqo le migaqo faki nguJoseph owazuza, njengako apho eli bhaso, kwakunye ezithile ibhaso Russian zoncwadi, makanikwe kuphela kwabo ababhali baye banikezela encwadini yabo, kunye nembali US.

Amaxesha amaninzi imisebenzi amabhaso ezifunyenweyo yexabiso elincinane zoncwadi, Noko ke, ngokuchanileyo nakakuhle ukuchaza ubomi emaphandleni okanye nithi, umzekelo, malunga iingxaki ngentsha yaseMelika. Kungenxa yoko le nto amabhaso data kuncwadi kwahlulelana kungekhona ngohlobo, kwaye umgaqo kwexesha. Minyaka le ngelithi ukhetha imisebenzi embalwa, kungcono ukuchaza langoku elidlulileyo le United States.

Ukunakanwa babo intatheli

Owazuza Prize ubuntatheli - liwonga le ibalulekileyo kwaye zindala kulung yaseMelika. Oku kuquka inani batyunjiweyo, nto leyo kuqikelelwa njengoko isantya nokuthembeka xa ezifikelela iziganeko kunye negalelo ngayo iintatheli emsebenzini wabo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kulo mzekelo, abaphumelele iimbasa azikho nje abantu, kodwa upapasho yonke.

Oku mhlawumbi yeyona enokuxelwa kwangaphambili owazuza Prize. Laureates kule meko lusoloko endazi ngenxa engaphambili, kwaye ukuqikelela kwisiphumo voti ayikho nzima. Ngelo xesha, wathi yokutyumba uthathwa kubakho nangokuzola inkoliso kumanyundululu kunye nezityholo. Inkoliso abagxeki uyavuma ukuba zonke Laureates of Umvuzo abafumene amabhaso abo kube njalo ngokomthetho.

Umculo ne Theatre

Xa womculo owazuza Prize kuwongwa-mali ka amawaka amathathu eerandi. Ikhutshelwa sisenomsebenzi osashekileyo ngomqambi American wadalwa ngayo nayiphi na indlela enkulu. Oku konke okhestra, umculo weekwayara kwigumbi imisebenzi, amabali kunye nezinye kwayo.

kukwakho yokufunda ekhethekileyo mali ka amawaka amahlanu eerandi ngaphandle umculo ibhaso, nto leyo inikwa kwabanezidanga obalaseleyo Faculty of Journalism, baye babonisa umnqweno ukugxininisa entsimini umculo, imidlalo yeqonga, kinotelevizionny okanye ukuhlalutya uncwadi.

Owazuza Prize drama nemali ibhaso lemali amawaka amathathu eerandi. Bona kukhutshwa ngolu umlawuli ihloniphekile ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye ngumlawuli entsha, esebenza sincedisane e ntlobo ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko kunjalo kunye uncwadi, imisebenzi amaninzi aye amkelwa eliphezulu labagwebi, akuzange owawubona kuluntu kwaye zange ifilimu kwi ebanzi.

sokudubula Award ngenxa

Owazuza Prize oko kufanele kuqwalaselwe omnye kakhulu ezinqwenelekayo ngenxa photographer. Kuba baninzi, oko kuthetha lukhulu ngaphezu imbuyekezo nje yemali. It is a ukuqondwa kokufaneleka zabo, ixabiso umsebenzi yonke imihla. Ngelo xesha malunga zokutyumba nangoku mpikiswano eladlulayo. nemibono impikiswano kakhulu, kwaye abantu abaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba konke oku kuyimfuneko owazuza Prize. Amafoto, leyo akanikwa, ngokufuthi ukunqumla emdeni zobugcisa oluqhelekileyo. Uninzi imisebenzi zanikelwa ukuba iingxaki encinane-eyaziwa okanye sele buthelezi nabivshim. Iingcali ukwambatha uboniso open source lwe imidlalo zobuqu kunye isiphetho ezaphukileyo zabantu. Ngoko ke, inkoliso iifoto eseleyo emva kokubukela ezike enzima.

Kudla bagxeka zixhomekeke kuphela umsebenzi, kodwa ke abafoti ngokwabo. Bona ummangalelwa ukuba bhanyabhanya iziganeko ezimbi, kunokuba ukunceda abo basweleyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, uKevin Kartar, wafumana ibhaso uthotho iifoto "Indlala kwi Sudan", nto leyo echaza intombazana ngenxa yindlala kunye condor elikhulu, linda lokufa kwakhe, uzibulele kweenyanga nje ezimbini emva kokuba eli bhaso.

Award abaphumeleleyo ngo-2014

Weshumi elinesine Epreli 2014 ziye ushwankathelwa kwaye ubhengeze amagama abanini komnye Prize owazuza. Ngoko ke, oyiphumeleleyo ibhaso uncwadi iye yaba Donna Tartt kunye inoveli yakhe "I Goldfinch", ebalisa ibali inkwenkwe elinesine, wandwendwela eManhattan emva kokufa unina wakhe. Lo msebenzi ke yaba yeyokuqala kuluhlu lwe iincwadi ikhulu ilungileyo kunyaka ngokungqinelana evenkileni online "Amazon" ekupheleni kuka-2013.

Ithiyetha ibhaso waba Enni Beyker ngenxa yokudlala yakhe "Betha", thaca kwisigaba "umsebenzi Salo". Kwisigaba "Music" ibhaso yena wawongwa Dzhon Lyuter Adams for ingoma "Fumana ulwandle."

Ke ukuba ubuntatheli, i "Public Service" udidi ibhaso waya iincwadi "The Guardian" yaye "I-Washington Post", apho kwenziwa uphando yimisebenzi i US National Security Agency ngokusekelwe amaxwebhu ezinikezelwa Edward Snowden. Xa kuphakanyiswe "Le zokufunda nokufundisa" iintatheli iphumelele enye incwadana American ( "I-Boston Globe"), nto leyo, wayifulela yi udubulo kwaye nezenzo yophando ngexesha Boston Marathon. Best iingxelo ngamazwe afunyanwa ukusebenza Reuters iintatheli, ebalisa intshutshiso yoluntu Muslim eMyanmar, kanti urhwebo ngamakhoboka.