Eyona projekthi inkulu yokuwa ihlabathi. Abanobubi yokuwa zehlabathi

Umntu uyinkosi eziphaphazelayo esibhakabhakeni. seentsomi zamandulo zamaGrike baxele ukuba Daedalus kunye nonyana wakhe Icarus kunyuke esibhakabhakeni ngoncedo amaphiko, ezibe zenziwe iintsiba kunye nomsonto wax.

Kwaye ke sisazinzulu mkhulu, umsunguli kunye igcisa uLeonardo da Vinci wakha wadala Zoba imifanekiso engaqhelekanga moya. Yena usebenzisa amandla kwezihlunu yabantu ukuze aphaphazele esibhakabhakeni olukhulu.

Abantu bezizama ixesha elide ukudala oomatshini eziphaphazelayo ezinjalo. Abeka ...

Imbali iingozi umoya ehlabathini

I-moya yokuqala esibhakabhakeni yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Ngelo xesha, yaye kufanele ukuba phambili amanani zehlabathi nezinobuzaza. Ekuphuhlisweni ebezityalwe kwi-moya (impahla kunye umkhweli) yokuwa umoya yehlabathi ngakumbi waqalisa ukuba zenzeke. Statistics konakalisa abo kakhulu, waze 1970. Nokuba kwiminyaka 70 yi kwincopho iintlekele ezoyikekayo esibhakabhakeni.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa ngokuvela ubugcisa bale mihla, ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo eyama kunye neemfuno engqongqo kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko kwi-80 Yaqala kwenzeka ukunciphisa inani zengozi eziquka moya. Kukho ukuncitshiswa Dynamics utshayisa ukusuka kwiminyaka 616 ukuya 15.689 abafileyo-70 ukuya ntlekele 300 kunye 8000 babulawa 2000.

Yokuwa zehlabathi, ukuma kwabo

Indawo le manani ebuhlungu namanwele iingozi kuthatha eUnited States. Ngokutsho ulwazi Aviation Safety Network ezikhoyo, kweli lizwe ukususela-1945 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, iphele inani elikhulu-moya umkhweli - ngaphezu 630. Kwezi iingozi yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-9,000.

Russia, ngelishwa, ibekwe yesibini kule nkcukacha-manani. Ukususela ngo-1945 eSoviet Union of xesha kunye Russia mihla kukho ezingaphezu kwama-200 iingozi esibhakabhakeni. Abangaphezulu kwama 5,000 ufile.

indawo yesithathu - emva Colombia.

Elona nani lincinane beemoto - e-Ecuador.

Manani Distribution of iingozi umoya kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngelizwe

Matshi 27, 1977 kwaphawula irekhodi lomhlaba inani lamaxhoba kule ngozi. indawo Tenerife ngequbuliso wajamelana nqanawa ezimbini "747" eyaziwa moya "Pan-America" kunye KLM. amaxhoba Kwaza abantu 583.

Inani elipheleleyo ziingozi-moya iye ikhula ehlabathini.

Lo moya kakhulu eyingozi ehlabathini, ngokutsho "zokhuseleko Yangoku" (iphephancwadi Swedish), i eSoviet "Aeroflot". Ngokutsho kwabo, lwesibalo utshayisa ehlabathini ibonisa ukuba izigidi 1 moya of "Aeroflot" uye iintlekele ngaphezulu kwe-18. indawo yesibini kolu luhlu ebuhlungu kukuba moya Taiwan kaThixo - iingozi ngaphezulu kwama-11 kwisigidi kusukwe. indawo yesithathu Egypt (ngaphezu kwama-11), ngoko ukuba - India (ngaphezu kwe-10), Turkey, China, kwiiPhilippines, South Korea ne Poland - ngomhla million 41 moya iingozi ngaphezulu kwama-6. Eyenzwe - -South-West Company (USA). Ngomhla million 1.8 iinqwelo-moya inkampani alwenzeki naziphi na iintlekele.

Eli nani likhulu lamaxhoba yokuwa zehlabathi

Le tafile ibonisa ndiza yimbi ehlabathini.

Inkcazelo ezinye iingozi moya

NgoMatshi 1974, emva kokuba ukuvulwa gumbi yemithwalo French DC-10 Airline wakho Turkish Airlines ingqubekile ehlathini. Iyonke - 346 efile.

NgoMatshi 1977, le ngozi ka iBoeing 747-206B (KLM) ukusuka iBoeing 747-121 (Pan Am) ingqubekile elikwiiCanary Islands in Tenerife. 583 wabulala (ungqubano likhulu ehlabathini emoyeni).

NgoMeyi 1979, ngokunxulumene umonakalo kwinkqubo ngamanzi of a (American Airlines) moya DC-10 ingqubekile kummandla Chicago. Ngokubulala abantu 273.

Ngo-Agasti 1980, emva kokuba ebikhona lo moya atshiswe L-1011-200 Tristar (Saudi) e Saudi Arabia (yaseRiyadh). Abantu 301 abuleweyo.

NgoJuni 1985, i-Sea Irish watshabalalisa i iBoeing nkampani 747-237V Air India emva abagrogrisi dubulo. Ngokubulala abantu 329.

NgoJulayi 1988 waza wadutyulwa phantsi impazamo etyeni ye zomkhosi irula inqanawa Vincennes (Melika) Airbus A300B2-202 (Iran Air). Oku kwenzeka i Gulf. Abantu 290 batshabalele.

Ngo-Agasti 1985, yena yaya intaba iBoeing 747SR (Japan Airlines) eTokyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, lo gama ezine basinda. Ngokubulala abantu 520.

NgoNovemba 1996 Charkhi-Dadra (India) kwakukho omnye adlale iBoeing 747-168B (inkampani Arabia Airlines) kunye Kazakh Ilyushin-76TD. Wabulala ngoxa abantu 349.

NgoJanuwari 1996, isixeko Kinshasa kurhwebo Zaire wawa mbovane-32 zilayishwe. Ngaphezu kwama-297 efile. abantu 4 basinda abasebenzi (abasebenzi 5).

Kutsha nje, ngoJulayi 17, 2014, kummandla Ukrainian (60 yeekhilomitha ukusuka kumda kunye Russia), kwakukho enye into embi - ingqubekile yaze (yona wadutyulwa phantsi emkhosini) moya "iBoeing-777" ( "Malaysian Airlines"). Ibulala 295 abakhweli (kuquka abantwana-80), kunye yalila lonke (abantu abali-15). Kude kube ngoku, isizathu sokuba ntlekele akukho ngokusemthethweni kucaciswa.

Ukufa iintloko karhulumente kwingozi moya

World umoya crash kwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi ezingalindelekanga, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, waza wababulala abantu ngenxa yemeko eyahlukileyo eluntwini.

Neenkokeli zawo onke amazwe, njengokuba umthetho, isetyenziswa njenge-moya intshukumo ngenxa lokonga ixesha. Basebenzisa kakhulu mihla kwaye kwabonakala ukuba ithembekile kakhulu yokhuseleko enkundleni. Noko ke, ukusilela izixhobo engalindelekanga okanye nje into abantu kwezi meko kunokubangela kwingozi moya. Nazi ezinye yokuwa ihlabathi, apho babulawa amagosa karhulumente lokuqala:

• Ngo-2010 - leh Kachinsky (nguMongameli of Poland) kunye nomfazi wakhe, kukho inani elikhulu . Amadoda Military evela High Umyalelo we-Polish kunye namanye amanani zezopolitiko babulawa yokuwa Tu-154 kufuphi ESmolensk.

• Ngo-2004 - Boris Trajkovski (umongameli Macedonia) wabulawa kwingozi eBosnia.

• Ngo-2001 - Iinkokheli Sudanese yasemkhosini babulawa kumazantsi eli lizwe.

• Ngo-1988 - wambulala Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, ngubani umongameli Pakistan. Le ntlekele yenzeke isixeko Lahore, Pakistan (mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngabagrogrisi).

• Ngo-1986 - Samora Machel (UMongameli Mozambique) ufe kwingozi moya eMzantsi Afrika.

• Ngo-1981 - wafa Jaime Roldos Aguilera, ngubani na umongameli Ecuador. -Moya ngozi yenzeke ezintabeni Ecuador Uayrapunga.

• Ngo-1969 - Rene Barentos Ortuño (uMongameli eBolivia) wafa Arce (Bolivia).

• Ngo-1966 - Abdul Salam Arif (President Iraq) engasezantsi Iraq.

• Ngo-1961 - wambulala Dag Hammarskjöld (uNobhala Jikelele UN) kuMntla Rhodesia (namhlanje eZambia).

• Ngo-1957 - Ramon Magsaysay (Mongameli Philippines) wabulawa umasipala Balamban ngenxa yentlekele elandelayo (Philippines).

amagama Nkqu ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle iilebhile kwafa phakathi Abalawuli zombini namazwe ezincinane nezinkulu. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho ndiza obufihlakeleyo ehlabathini, abo ubukhulu becala yabo ngezizathu isahleli engacacanga. Ezi ziquka kunye isiphatho esingqutyiweyo, esenzeka ePanama. Ngowe-1981 Omar Torrijos - Jikelele, intloko Panama, wafa phantsi kweemeko angaqondakali.

kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani kwi iindiza Russian

imibutho ingcali anegunya bazisa manani kuntlitheka airships moya ezininzi Russian wenza owaziwayo ngokhuseleko kunye moya ezikhoyo.

Kutshanje, phantse zonke moya Russian xa kuthengwa bakhethe moya langaphandle (sele kusetyenziswa), kunokuba Russian omtsha. Kwaye njengoko naziyo, ulawulo engenisiwe oomatshini mihla exhotyiswe elektroniki, yahluke gqitha ukusuka kulawulo moya zasekhaya. Ngako oko, zanda kunye umngcipheko kwakhona, nje "Izinto ezenziwa".

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba inkampani "Russia" 184 ubomi babantu, lo moya "Vladivostok Avia" - 145, ukususela inkampani "KrasAir" - 29, yaye ngenxa yokuba 'Airlines Tyumen "- 5. uyakholiswa kakhulu ubukho moya abasebenze namhlanje ngaphandle amaxhoba :. "Transero", "moya phambene" yaye "iindiza Domodedovo"

ethwala kwedatha yeenkcukacha-manani ulinganisele

Le tafile yamanani ibonisa indlela simo moya babo engozini.

Ukusuka kule nkcazelo engentla, sinokugqiba ukuba iBoeing 777 yindawo ethembekileyo kakhulu ye-airliner.

Izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuphazamiseka komoya

Kunyaka ngamnye uluhlu olumnyama oluthusayo lwehlabathi lokuphazamiseka komoya luzaliswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izizathu zeentlekele zihlala zicaca de kube sekupheleni. Ukuphazamiseka komoya okungaqheleki kangangoko kunye nehlabathi. Uphando maxa wambi uya kuma. Nokuba amabhokisi amnyama omlingo kaninzi akakwazi ukucacisa isizathu seentlekele ezithile ezenzeke kwindawo yomoya.

Iimbangela eziphambili zeengozi zengqungquthela zanamhlanje: ukungasebenzi kwezinto zobuchwepheshe (ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo zobugcisa, ukungahambi kakuhle kwemisebenzi), iimpembelelo zabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya, abaqhubi bezithuthi kunye nabanye abasebenzi (isisiseko somntu), ubundlobongela bamazwe ngamazwe, ukulwa, izityholo ezibulalayo (iimpazamo zokukhusela emoyeni, iziphepho zombane, Iintaka, njl.).

Isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokuphazamiseka komoya okwenzekayo yinto ebalulekileyo kakhulu yabantu. Ngokwenza ngokubanzi kwihlabathi, i-70% yazo zonke iziphazamiso zendiza.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona ukuba ukuphazamiseka komoya kuphazamisayo kwaye ngexesha ngalinye kubangela ukuphendulwa koluhlungu kakhulu kuluntu jikelele, i-aircraft iyahlala enye yezona zinto zithembekileyo kwaye zikhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zothutho olukhoyo.