Yintoni kwezihlunu?

Muscle ithoni - enye iimpawu komzimba omzimba womntu. Uhlobo le meko iye ayasekwa, kodwa zikhona iingcamango ezininzi kuqhutywa ziingcali. Muscle ukuqina nokuphumla zinokuchaphazeleka zizinto zangaphandle okanye izifo e-nervous system. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zophando: hypertonicity kunye hypotonia. Eli nqaku zichazwe siqwalasele iimpawu zazo kunye nonyango.

Ixabiso kwezihlunu

Tonic imisipha ingxabano - imeko eziqhelekileyo komzimba omzimba womntu, oluqhutywa kwinqanaba reflex. Ngaphandle kwalo, bekuya kuba nzima ukwenza iintshukumo ezininzi, ngokunjalo ukugcina indawo emzimbeni. kwezihlunu ugcina umzimba ezilungele amanyathelo. Le yeyona njongo iphambili kuyo.

Yintoni indlela ithoni kwezihlunu eqhelekileyo? Ukuba ngexesha intshukumo ibandakanya zonke Imicu laphu, abanye ke ziyabalandela omnye komnye. Ngoxa kwelinye ixesha, abanye ukuphumla. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba kule nkqubo echaphazela ngqo urhulumente ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo umntu. Umzekelo, ukuhla kwezihlunu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwaye kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngexesha ubuthongo. State ihamba kunye nzolo yendalo: kunciphisa kakhulu uchulumanco ngokugqithiseleyo.

ulawulo kwezihlunu yenziwa usebenzisa alpha- kunye gamma-motoneurons, kunye afferents yokuluka. La mandla avela ebuchotsheni. Kuba nokugcinwa kwezihlunu kumkhawulela loo ganglia carcinomas, kwiCerebellum, ephakathi (nucleus ebomvu, substantia nigra, quadrigemina, ukubunjwa reticular). Ukuba uchaphazela luvo uxanduva ngengxabano tonic kuvela iintanda: hypotension okanye lwegazi izihlunu.

Diagnosis abadala

utshintsho ithoni kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Amaninzi ke esi sifo-luvo okanye urhulumente ezintsonkothileyo ngokwasengqondweni-iimvakalelo. Kuqwalaselwe umba eyayichasene kwezihlunu luvo okanye zamathambo. Ukuze kakuhle ukuxilonga, enze uhlolo. Luvavanya izihlunu Ingxabano iintshukumo bakhululeka neyokwenziwa nangoncedo iimvavanyo ezizodwa: idrophu intloko, supination-pronation, ukujinga umlenze, amagxa behlunguzela, kunye nabanye.

Hlola nzima kakhulu: hayi yonke isigulane bakhululeke ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha ezibalulekileyo kunye nokulungela ugqirha - ukuhlola imeko echaphazela isantya iintshukumo kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ngamana ROOTN iziphumo nezinto zangaphandle: kwezihlunu batshintshwa phantsi kwempembelelo lobushushu, kunye nesimo sengqondo. Ezi meko kakhulu ezinzima zifuna kwakhona zoviwo-.

Ufe kubantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye

Isiqhamo sesizalo sisondele kakhulu, kangangokuba zonke izihlunu sele nengxabano rhoqo. Emva kokuzalwa kosana waphawula hypertonicity nokomzimba. Kulo mzekelo, intloko aphoswe umva, kwaye imilenze neengalo zinikwa umzimba.

Ngeliphi izihlunu buhle, kuchaphazela indawo kosana esibelekweni kunye ukuzala. Ngokomzekelo, xa libomvu lobuqu ithowuni ukwanda entanyeni (usana kuphosa intloko yakhe umva). Kwindawo "phambili ngeempundu" imilenze baby washukumisela ngaphandle oyinxalenye-engile ° 90. Elele ebhedini, umntwana uzama ukuthatha indawo aqhelekileyo Palsy.

Uxilongo ithoni kubantwana

Ngokusebenzisa uviwo, wezifo okanye luvo malunga nobume kwezihlunu komntwana yi ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ngenyanga 1 usana lulele esiswini wakhe, ezama ukuphakamisa intloko kwaye obambelela kuko imizuzwana embalwa. Imilenze yenza iintshukumo flexion njengezinambuzane. Ukuba esaso ingalo unyawo, uya bakucaphukele kuyo.
• Kwiinyanga ezi-3 ubudala ubamba intloko yakhe ngokuzithemba. Ukuba ndoyakha kwakhona tye, imilenze ziya usenza iintshukumo ezifana nokuhamba. Umntwana angathembela unyawo. Ukuba uthe wena wabhekisa kuye emqolo iplagi nomqheba, iza kunifumana kwi imikhosi zabo.
• Ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezi-6 usana iyaqengqeleka ukususela esiswini ukusa kolungasemva, ezama ukufumana phezulu ngazitho zine, ephethe izinto ezincinane.
• Ngonyaka umntwana uhleli ekholosile, ezama ukuhamba kunye nenkxaso ka yena, iphuhlisa izakhono motor entle.

Ukuba itakane akakwazi ukwenza nayiphi na kwezi zenzo ngenxa kwempixano ngokugqithisileyo, okanye, icala, buthathaka kwezihlunu, zithetha kwizifo. Ukongeza, ugqirha ivavanya ithowuni isimetri. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, khosi ukugoba-ayinakolulwa iingalo kunye nemilenze umntwana. Umkhondo neentshukumo ezisebenzayo babesima ezahlukeneyo. Ukutenxa kumgaqo kubhekwa hypotonia, hypertonia, nokuqhubeka naxa ulele, kunye DYSTONIA.

Iintlobo kunye noonobangela ehleliyo zophuhliso yayo

kwezihlunu Ukwanda ibonakalaliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iingcali umahluko phakathi:

• UKUQINA - eyenzeke ngenxa ingqondo traumatic kunye nokwenzakala spinal, meningitis, Encephalopathy, Cerebral Palsy sclerosis ezininzi, stroke. Luphawulwa obungalinganiyo hypertonicity, spasm xa isetyenziswe kumaqela athile kuphela izihlunu.
• Nokoma - esibukhali ukwanda kwezihlunu skeletal, oko kuvela kwizifo luvo, isenzo eyityhefu of iityhefu ezithile.
• Gegenhalten - kakhulu ukwanda ukungawi izihlunu ngexesha intshukumo angenzi naluphi na uhlobo. Ziphakama ngokunxulumene izitshanguba le iphecana corticospinal okanye oxutyiweyo kwimimandla ngokungqalileyo ebuchotsheni.
• Myotonia - lubonakala ngokuba nokwehla nangokukhulula izihlunu eziqinileyo emva iintshukumo esebenzayo.
• lwegazi Psychogenic - bakha "arc Ityhwatyhwa" ngexesha nokuhlutha izinto.

Abantwana unobangela ehleliyo trauma wokuzalwa, hypoxia ngexesha yabasebenzi, umonakalo luvo kunye nobuchopho, meningitis, ucaphuka kakhulu okanye ukungahlaliseki.

iimpawu ehleliyo

Lwegazi sigxininiswa esihlunwini yoxinezeleko ngokugqithisileyo ukwimeko sikhululekile. Isifo bungabonakala ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukuncipha umsebenzi injini, ukuqina kwi izihlunu;
• amatywina;
• imvakalelo uxinzeleko rhoqo;
• buhlungu;
• uphathwe;
• baphikisana kakhulu kwizihlunu ngexesha iintshukumo nje;
• kwanabantwana bedanduluka, ukuba nochuku, ukwanda ukumelana kwezihlunu ngexesha iintshukumo flexion-ukwandiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo;
• kwindawo nkqo ngeenyawo inkxaso unyawo ayicinezele usana ngokuba phezu tiptoe;
• deceleration sophuhliso lwemoto womntwana (akayeki, ayithethi into, ngaba ndiye sicinywa ubudala).

Isaziso gipertonus omdala okanye umntwana kulula, ingakumbi ekubeni kunye ezinzima izigaba. Utshintsho iqinelwa, zenzo zenziwe stiffly, ebunzimeni. Abantwana efanayo ixesha ska wazolula, ngokufuthi bakhale ulale kakubi, ebuhlungu basabela njani na, nkqu ingxolo nje. Emva kokutya ukugabha enkulu kwenzeka.

Oonobangela kunye neempawu izihlunu hypotension

kwezihlunu amandla luphawulwa ngelaphu ombane aphantsi ukwimeko sikhululekile, ngenxa apho kuba nzima ukubangenisa kulo isenzo. Oku kwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yomonakalo okanye isifo umnqonqo, kwiCerebellum okanye ukuphazamiseka extrapyramidal kunye izilonda cerebellar. Kwenzeka nokuxutha, apho kuncitshiswa kwezihlunu okwethutyana. Oku kwenzeka kwisigaba nokoyika ukufa icala okanye yamathumba ingqondo eziziisekondari.

kwezihlunu ababuthathaka abantwana lwegazi azixhaphakanga. inkangeleko yayo kuxhokonxwa prematurity, walibala uphuhliso yobuchopho, umonakalo luvo neuropathy ngethuba lenkqubo ukuzala, kwasekuzalweni, Down syndrome, yamathambo.

izihlunu hypotension siyefana ebantwaneni zezi:

• silale, phezu-ekhululekile karhulumente;
• neengxaki zokuphefumla, ukungakwazi ukuginya, wanyisa;
• umsebenzi engafanelekanga ngokwenkangeleko;
• ukozela ngokugqithisileyo, amahlwempu ubunzima inzuzo.

Ukophulwa kwezihlunu kwicala zokwehla yayo ibonakala nasebudaleni. Ukuze oku kudla kukhokelela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo: muscular dystrophy, nokudumba, yamathambo, meningitis, Sandifer syndrome. Imeko ephelekwa buthathaka emzimbeni, kunciphise ukuxhathisa xa usenza iintshukumo kwisixando sokwenziwa. Ezitho flexion ngokuzimeleyo unbend, izihlunu, ithambile ukuya ngaphandle kwebala.

DYSTONIA imisipha kuzo abadala kunye nabantwana

Xa DYSTONIA kwezihlunu kukho lazo. Ngelo xesha kukho iimpawu zazo zombini hypotension kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu eziphambili DYSTONIA ebantwaneni kunye abadala:

• ngeziqu ngokugqithisileyo izihlunu ezithile kunye nokuphumla zabanye;
• nokuncipha yiSpasticity;
• iintshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo ye imilenze okanye iingalo;
• ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokucothayo intshukumo yamalungu omzimba ngamnye.

Phuhlisa imeko ngenxa yemfuza, izifo ezosulelayo, ukuzalwa kwentlungu, ukunxila kakhulu.

unyango

kwezihlunu kubalulekile ukuba ukubuyisela ixesha, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni. Progression kweempawu kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka iintshukumo, zokufota, Cerebral Palsy uphuhliso libaziseko. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• massage ne kwezihlunu kuba neziphumo ezihle le stroke imisipha, ocoliweyo, ndasolula, ukuqeqesha ngamandla abo, ukwenza iintshukumo komzimba (flexion-ulwandiso);
• ukuyifundisa in t h emanzini ..;
• Ukuyifundisa: electrophoresis, ultrasound, unyango kunye ubushushu, amanzi kunye muds;
• kwiimeko ezinzima, basebenzise iziyobisi, phakathi leyo linokukwenziwa B iivithamini, dibazol, Mydocalmum.

Xa uzama ukukhulula hypertonia kwezihlunu usebenzisa nemivumbo, kwentlungu impiliso, yokuthanjiswa nokuthantamisa, elula. Ukuba hypotension kwenzeka, phezu koko, ukuvuselela iintshukumo, kwezihlunu ngokwenza le mithambo. umsebenzi Motor iphucula kakhulu imeko yomguli.

Ukophulwa kwezihlunu - ngengxaki kwiintsana kunye abadala kunye nezifo e-nervous system. Kulula kakhulu ukuba aphathe ngoncedo yokuthanjiswa, ubuncinane - amayeza. Mobility wabuyela eziqhelekileyo, hayi, azafunyanelwa ndawo ihlala le ngxaki. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ixesha ukuqalisa unyango, singavumeli yanyhashwa kunye ezinxaxhileyo kuphuhliso asemzimbeni kunye nezihlunu.