Yintoni luvo? Inkqubo luvo, urhulumente kunye nokhuselo

, человек узнает еще в школьные годы. Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo luvo onjalo, umntu ufunda kwiintsuku zesikolo. Eziphilayo iklasi inika ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga umzimba lilonke izitho ngamnye ethile. Njengenxalenye yekharityhulam yesikolo, abantwana bafunda ukuba urhulumente e-nervous system luxhomekeke kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza komzimba. Kwimeko ngayo utshayisa miseka kunye namanye amaziko. Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuba othile ahlaselwe. характеризуют как одно из важнейших звеньев организма. Inkqubo luvo lubonakala njengenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo omzimba. Oku kubanga ukuba umanyano esisebenzayo izakhiwo zangaphakathi kumzimba yoluntu kunye nobudlelwane kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Makhe sihlolisise oko kuthethwa luvo.

isakhiwo

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na luvo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola zonke izinto zayo yodwa. Njengeyunithi noshowo zika neuron. It is a iseli kokuba waso. chain wabumba iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Ukuthetha ngento luvo, oko kufuneka bathi ubunjwe ngamaqela amabini: engundoqo kunye neuropathy. I yangaphambili ziquka ingqondo umnqonqo, okwesibini - inkunkuma evela kwezi luvo kunye amaqhina. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo-luvo yahlulwe lo yawo kunye somatic.

iiseli

Zahlula-hlulwe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu: i afferent kunye efferent. начинается с рецепторов. Inkqubo luvo luqala receptor. Bebona ukukhanya, isandi, kunuka. Efferent - motor - iiseli ukukhupha ukuthumela amaza amalungu ezithile. Ziqulethe uluhlu umzimba nucleus, iinkqubo ezininzi, ebizwa luvo. Le seli luvo eyedwa ifayibha - Umzobo wesi. Ubude bayo babe 1-1.5 mm. Axons zinika transmission ukubetha. Inwebu leeseli abanoxanduva kwimbono incasa kunye nevumba, zizinto yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa ezikhethekileyo. Abasabela ngayo izinto ezithile ngokutshintsha ubume bayo.

isebe kwezityalo

обеспечивает работу внутренних органов, желез, лимфатических и кровеносных сосудов. Umsebenzi we-nervous system inika iimpahla amalungu, namadlala, nkovu kunye negazi lwangaphakathi. Ukuze othile, ibangela kunye nokusebenza kwezihlunu. Le nkqubo yawo sokunikela iimbambaniso parasympathetic novelwano. Le yokugqibela sinika komlomo umfundi kunye yomoya, uxinzelelo olukhulu, izinga intliziyo encinane, njalo njalo Icandelo parasympathetic unoxanduva ukusebenza amalungu okuzala, isinyi, ezinqeni.. Ukususela oko kuza amaza isebenze nezinye luvo (oculomotor, glossopharyngeal, umzekelo). Amaziko ibekwe nesiqu ingqondo kunye nesabelo sacral ye umnqonqo.

ezimbi

Izifo yenkqubo yawo ibe zilawulwe yimiba eyahlukeneyo. Lidla esi sifo ngenxa nezinye izinto ezimbi, ezifana ukwenzakala entloko, yityhefu, izifo. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yawo ibe zilawulwe kukungabikho kweevithamini, ntshikilelo rhoqo. Amaxesha amaninzi sifo "ezigqunyiweyo 'nezinye izinto ezimbi. Umzekelo, ukophulwa kwiindawo zokusebenza buti wesibeleko okanye thoracic iphawulwe iintlungu esifubeni, uqhebeke egxalabeni. Ezi mpawu mava ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo, ngoko izigulane basoloko ngezifo bedidekile.

umnqonqo

Ngokwangaphandle, kufana ngentambo. . Ubude eli candelo omdala - malunga 41-45 cm ukuqina ezimbini ekhoyo apha emqolo: empontshwa kunye wesibeleko. Bona kwakhiwa isakhiwo ephantsi ekuthiwa kunye innervation kwe ezisekupheleni eliphezulu. In umnqonqo kukho la masebe zilandelayo: sacral, empontshwa, thoracic, wesibeleko. Kunye ubude bayo yonke wambu ethambileyo, niqinile kunye arachnoid.

ubuchopho

Le ise-ukakayi. Ubuchopho yenziwe ngokulungileyo zifaka ekhohlo, isiqu kunye kwiCerebellum. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ubunzima amadoda ngaphezu abafazi. uphuhliso ingqondo iqala kwixesha osandul. Ubukhulu Rule yale umzimba ifikelela nama-20 iminyaka. Ekupheleni ubomi nokuncipha ubunzima ebuchotsheni. Kuyinto amasebe ekwanti:

1. Ukuphela.
2. EsiPhakathi.
3. I-avareji.
4. Ngasemva.
5. Lume.

ikhweyitha

Bona ziqulathe le ganglia carcinomas kunye neziko ukuqgiba. Iqokobhe engaphandle ye zifaka onomlinganiselo kunokuba nzima. Oku kungenxa yobukho izileyi kunye vee. Bakha okwimo "hexe". Umntu ngamnye umzobo ekhethekileyo. Noko ke, kukho vee eziliqela, ngokufanayo kubo bonke abantu. Amvumela ukuba yokwaba izabelo ezintlanu: ngokungqalileyo, Parietal, Occipital, zexeshana ezifihlakeleyo.

ikhaliphe unconditioned

– ответная реакция на раздражители. Iinkqubo ze-nervous system - impendulo ezintweni. ikhaliphe Unconditioned wafunda sisazinzulu owaziwayo Russian, ezifana I. P. Pavlov. Ezi abasabela ejoliswe kwi-self-ekulondolozeni umzimba. Ezona ukutya, obuthile, ukuzithethelela. ikhaliphe Unconditioned - bekhubazekile.

ngezigaba

ikhaliphe Unconditioned aphandwe Simonov. Izazinzulu ziye zachongwa iiklasi ezintathu iimpendulo ongaphakathi esilingana kwindawo ethile yophuhliso endle:

1. Kubalulekile. Zinika iintlobo ngamnye kunye nolondolozo umzimba. Ezi ikhaliphe ziquka ukutya, obuthile, Uyalwa, ukusela, ulawulo bubuthongo, njl Iindlela ngayo ezinjalo :. ukufa ukunganeliseki Physical neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo, ukuphunyezwa kwe indlela ngaphandle inxaxheba abanye abantu zohlobo olufanayo.
2. Indima. Ezi ikhaliphe baqaphela kuphela intsebenziswano nabanye abantu zohlobo olufanayo. Ezi zinto zenza isiseko umzali, njalo njalo indawo. Behaviour. ezibaluleke ngakumbi "uvelwano", livakale ngokweemvakalelo, ukudala emigangatho iqela apho ngamnye unendima Ezi mbongi - ngumzali, iqabane, umntwana, Ndingumphambukeli okanye host umqolo, inkokheli ngamakhoboka, njalo-njalo.
3. Ukusabela self. Ezi ikhaliphe esilithundezela ekuphuhliseni iimeko isithuba-ixesha, bejamelene elizayo. reactions ezinjalo iquka ukuziphatha zokuphanda banzi, yokulinganisa, kwaye ngokunjalo namandla.

reflex orientating

Lubonakaliswa ingqalelo ngokuzenzekelayo yovakalelo, ekhatshwa ngokwanda kwezihlunu. Oku kubizwa stimulus ezintsha nezazingalindelwanga okanye reflex. Iinzululwazi zizibiza le yokusabela "nastorazhivanie", ixhala, wothuka. Kukho izigaba ezithathu yophuhliso yayo;

1. Ukupheliswa umsebenzi ngoku, ukulungiswa komzimba. USimon ithi eqhelekileyo (esisebenzayo) unyathela. Oku kuvela kwinkangeleko naluphi uphawu nge sibangela engaziwayo.
2. Ukuya asabele "ukusetyenziswa". Kweli nqanaba, umzimba idluliselwa ukulungela reflex ukuba amathuba ukuhlangana kukho imeko kaxakeka. Oku kubonakala kwinto yonke kwi kwezihlunu. Kwesi sigaba kukho yokusabela polycomponent. Oku kuquka ekujikeni entloko, kwicala isivuseleli iliso.
3. Nitrogen yasendle kwanokuvuselela ekuqaleni ngokwahlukeneyo uhlalutyo uphawu nokukhetha impendulo.

inani

Ziya ekuqhelaniseni reflex yinxalenye ukuziphatha lokuhlola. Oku kucacile ngokukodwa kwindawo entsha. umsebenzi uphando igxile kuphuhliso ezintsha, yaye ukukhangela into kunokwanelisa ukwazi. Ukongeza, ingaba nokuhlalutya ukubaluleka isivuseleli. Kule meko, kukho uvakalelo okukhulayo analyzer.

mechanism

Ukuphunyezwa kuba sisiphumo orientation reflex intsebenziswano onamandla phakathi nobuninzi lwamaqumrhu nonspecific nezinto CNS ethile. kusebenze Phase jikelele, umz, ezinxulumene ne ngokusesikweni kwe lokusekwa reticular kunye isiqalo excitation uthinte ngokubanzi. Ekuhlalutyeni isivuseleli ephambili ngokubaluleka yindibaniso cortico-ibizivalele-thalamic. Indima ebalulekileyo apha bobabo le Hippocampus.

ikhaliphe moya

Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20. Pavlov, ixesha elide ukuhlola umsebenzi kwamadlala wokudla, ezichongwe kwizilwanyana zovavanyo alandelayo senzeko. secretion Ukwanda juice esiswini kunye namathe zenzeke qho, hayi kuphela ukudibana ngqo ukutya wokugaya, kodwa belindele bayalufumana. Ngelo xesha, indlela le meko iye kwaziwa. Izazinzulu zichaza "ukuvuselela kwengqondo" namadlala bakhe. Xa izifundo ezilandelayo, indlela abasabela ngayo lwenziwa Pavlov ukuba ezinemiqathango ikhaliphe (ezifunyenwe). Bayakwazi abonakale zinyamalale ebudeni ebomini. Kuba imbonakalo impendulo conditioner kufuneka angqinelane ezintweni ezimbini. Omnye wabo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ebangela ukuba kubekho impendulo yendalo - reflex unconditioned. Okwesibini, ngenxa yonqulo, loo nto ayithethi bamqumbise nayiphi na impendulo. Oku kuchazwa nje akanankathalo (diki). Wabonakala reflex conditioning, isivuseleli yesibini kufuneka uqale nefuthe phambi elililo; imizuzwana embalwa. Enanikade ukubaluleka wokuqala zebhayoloji lincinane.

Ukukhuselwa luvo

Njengoko usazi, ngomhla umzimba kuchaphazela ezahlukeneyo izinto. сказывается на работе других органов. Imeko-luvo kuchaphazela umsebenzi neminye imibutho. Nkqu ezibonakala iimpazamo ezincinane kunokukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu. Kulo mzekelo, azisoloko ukuba ezinxulumene nomsebenzi luvo. Kulo mba, ingqalelo enkulu kufuneka ihlawulwe amanyathelo othintelo. раздражающих факторов. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba ukunciphisa ifuthe lale etyabulayo luvo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uxinezeleko rhoqo, iimvakalelo i unobangela ezimbi intliziyo. Unyango lwezi zifo kuquka amayeza nje kuphela kodwa, ukuyifundisa umzimba njalo njalo. Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu yokudla. Ukusuka isondlo esifanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwimo zonke iinkqubo kunye namaziko. Ukutya kufuneka siqulathe iimali ezaneleyo iivithamini. Iingcali Siyaleza ziquka kwi ezityiwa zezityalo kutya, imifuno, imifuno kunye neziqhamo.

vitamin C

Yena kunempembelelo entle zonke iinkqubo zomzimba, kuquka i-luvo. Ngenxa ivithamin C inikwa kwinqanaba zeselula kwemveliso amandla. Le compound ebandakanyeka kwinyathelo Yindibanisela ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Vitamin C igqalwa omnye Antioxidants zinamandla, oko neutralizes imiphumela emibi radicals simahla awadibanise. Ukongeza, iyeza unako ukuphucula umsebenzi kunye nezinye Antioxidants. Phakathi kwabo, novithamini E kunye selenium.

lecithin

Ubonelela iinkqubo abaqhelekileyo kwi luvo. Lecithin - izondlo kubalulekile ukuba iiseli. Umxholo icandelo peripheral yi malunga ne-17% esengqondweni - 30%. Ukuba kwemali eyoneleyo lwenzeka lecithin baphelelwe. Umntu uba nomsindo, nto leyo ngokufuthi ekhokelela luvo breakdowns. Lecithin kuyimfuneko zonke iiseli zomzimba. Idityanisiwe iqela B-iivithamini ikhuthaza imveliso yezamandla. Ukongeza, lecithin libandakanyeka ekuveliseni acetylcholine.

Umculo luthoba luvo

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, xa izifo kwinkqubo luvo amanyathelo zonyango ukuze ke azibandakanyi nje kuphela ithamo amayeza. indlela enyangayo enyulwe, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni izityholo zixhomis le zokuphula. достигается зачастую и без обращения к врачу. Ngelo xesha, ukucuthwa luvo iyazalisekiswa rhoqo ngaphandle Ngokubhekiselele kwagqirha. Umntu unako ukufumana iindlela zabo ukuze okudambisa ubuhlungu. . Umzekelo, kukho iithowuni ezahlukeneyo ekudambiseni luvo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko ezaqanjwa kade, ngokufuthi ngaphandle amagama. Noko ke, abanye abantu ukwehlisa hambo. Xa ukhetha umculo ukukhokelwa ukhetho lwabo. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubona ukuba akazange ndidandathekile umculo. Namhlanje, ethandwayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze abe owenza yohlobo olulodwa. Luhlanganisa classical, imiculo womthonyama. Ngumqondiso ophambili womntu ohlaselwe umculo - unkabi usenza intw '. It "usonga 'umphulaphuli, ukudala i" Cocoon "ethambileyo, kodwa ixesha elide ukukhusela umntu ezenzeka ngaphandle. Relaktsiruyuschaya umculo kuba Classic, kodwa Symphonic. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenziwa ngesixhobo mnye: nepiyano, isiginkci, ivayolin, nogwali. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingoma kunye recitative phindo kunye namagama alula. zithandwa kakhulu ezi izandi yendalo - lenzwinini amagqabi, isandi imvula, emsindweni. Ngokubambisana obalelwa izixhobo eziliqela bozisusa umntu ephithizelayo imihla isingqisho sixeko, sizani uxinezeleko luvo kwemisipha. Xa ukuphulaphula iingcamango odolwe, uchulumanco unika indlela eya umthomalalisi.