Iiseli zemithambo-luvo nesakhiwo yazo

iiseli zemithambo-luvo akha luvo izihlunu, ezi ndidi mbini: neurocytes (iiseli zemithambo-luvo), kunye iiseli glial (iiseli glial). Luvo baqonda ukutyabuka, okuvelisa amanyathelo olunokubakho eqhuba ekudluliseleni inkqubela-luvo ukuseka ukudibana nabanye kunye glia iiseli zinika iimeko luvo kangangoko ukusebenza, ngamanye angamvaleli, ukukhusela athabathe inxaxheba ngokutshintshiselana ngabalamli ukukhula ulwabiwo factor neurocytes.

Ngokutsho namhlanje, intloko ingqondo yomntu iqulethe 25 bhiliyoni. Iiseli zemithambo-luvo, sisibini esithathwini sabo ibekwe uthinte, kwaye inani leeseli glial lumalunga izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezulu.

neuron

iiseli zemithambo-luvo ibe iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ezo isiqalelo engundoqo zesakhiwo olusebenzayo luvo. Neuron - ubukhulu cell Inkqubo 4-130 microns, unomzimba kunye waso, nto leyo kweentlobo ezimbini: luvo kunye Umzobo wesi. Nakumlibo kwenzwa iseli - Umzobo wesi - ebizwa neurites. iinkqubo ubude yi-1.5 m. Umzobo wesi esiseleni, omnye kuphela, elide, eyayizalwa kancinci; phezu kwalo emzimbeni lweeseli luvulekile ukubetha kwentliziyo. Luvo zidla ezininzi, branched kakhulu, elifutshane. Ngokutsho kuye ukubetha kwentliziyo lisetyenziswe umzimba lo neuron. Luvo semvelo eliguqukayo nokwehlukana, baqhuba iminqweno luvo kwicala elinye kuphela - ukusuka dendrite ukuya Umzobo wesi. Oko kukuthi, i-neuron kubume bayo ufana ifanele. Iqumrhu iseli kakhulu umsebenzi trophism ngokunxulumene kwinkqubo. Ukuma komzimba inokuba nomahluko - ukusuka pyramidal ukuya ajikelezayo.

iintlobo luvo

iiseli zemithambo kwinani iinkqubo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela ezisisiseko.

• unipolar - ukuba inkqubo enye, kuphela Umzobo wesi. Ezi seli zikhona kuphela ngeembumba njengenyathelo eliphakathi kuphuhliso neurocytes;
• Bipolar - equlethe Umzobo wesi kunye dendrite. Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo umntu kwiretina kwaye nendlebe ongaphakathi;
• multipolar - ilifa iinkqubo-2 okanye ngaphezulu, lo Umzobo wesi kunye luvo. Yeyona hlobo luqhelekileyo neuron emzimbeni, zombini kwi iindawo esembindini e-nervous system kunye neuropathy;
• iiseli psevdounipolyarnye - ngaphaya inkqubo olulodwa, kuquka Umzobo wesi kunye dendrite, yaye kamva yahlulahlulwe yaba kwiiseli ezimbini ezahlukeneyo umzimba. Ezi luvo eguquguqukayo ibekwe iindawo ezithile cranial spinal.

Ubume yeseli luvo

inshorensi cell Neurilemma, nto leyo ukongeza njengomqobo, kwaye ngokutshintshiselana umsebenzi receptor, ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile ngokwentshukumisa-luvo.

iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba kukho icytoplasm, equka organelles jikelele (mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, iziko iseli, izixhobo Golgi, lysosomes) kunye neenjongo ezizodwa organelle, ebizwa ngokuba yi-neurofibrils. iseli luvo eliqaqambileyo inucleus, ngeenxa zonke, iqulathe nucleoli omnye okanye emibini.

iintlobo Cell ngokwenjongo yayo

Ukungqinelana kwindawo iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisebenzayo zihlelwe zibe yovakalelo, iimoto kunye eyodwa.

luvo Ukudideka - ezi seli, umzimba leyo ifumaneka kwi ganglia kwenkqubo yoluvo. Luvo ezi seli yokuyeka isiphelo ethe, kwaye Umzobo wesi ngoxa kukhokelwa esikhondweni ubuchopho okanye umnqonqo.

iiseli zemithambo-luvo eyodwa onoxanduva yokudlulisela neuron excitation.

Motor okanye secretory iiseli ibizwa ngokuba kuxhomekeke ngesakhiwo (izihlunu ifayibha okanye intsimbi) apho Umzobo wesi yabo iphela.

Kukho kwakhona inkxaso iiseli zemithambo-luvo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-iiseli glial ukuba unombombiya luvo omnye komnye.

Ependimotsity efanayo epithelial inyama ngakwimida lweHo- kunye ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. umsebenzi wazo - axhasayo umda.

Astrocytes iiseli inkwenkwezi-ezimile encinane mnogootrostchatymi. Xa iinkqubo ze astrocytes kwisakhiwo protoplasmic ezinezikhondo.

luvo akhiwa iinkqubo iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye lemmotsitov. Ngaphandle ifayibha luvo isale esingxotyeni salo obhityileyo ezinezikhondo izihlunu evakalala nokuqina, ekuthiwa lamina Uhlobo Lokuqala.