Yintoni na ityala lwangaphandle

amatyala - udibaniso oluthi luqokelelane ngenxa ye ekungeneni of capital mboleko kwelo lizwe. Ngokuphathelele ukufika mali zeqela lesithathu unoxanduva ukuhlawula iimali-mboleko, iikhredithi, mboleko kunye nokuhlawulwa umdla. Itotali amatyala yangaphandle yehlabathi ngaphezulu amabini ezigidi zeerandi. Ngelo xesha lo uzisusileyo amazwe Kuphela mboleko ngokungaphelelanga zijikwe okanye imali non-ukuguqulelwa. Kuba namanye amatyala ngokusemthethweni lwangaphandle akuyongxaki. amagunya unako ukufeza iimfanelo zabo zemali kwi non-abahlali kunye ngoncedo lwemali kazwelonke, ukuyitshintsha umntu wasemzini. Ngenxa yoko, la mazwe ahlawule ityala lwangaphandle kuphela asethi zangaphandle kodwa zangaphakathi. Noko ke, ngokutsho uqikelelo ongekho mthethweni, oku kuzinikela zemali omkhulu la magunya.

amatyala yangaphandle yimfihlo. Yena malunga asixhenxe anamanci ezigidi zeerandi. Le mali yenza izibophelelo yeebhanki kunye neenkampani.

Kukho kwakhona lengcinga 'ityala lwangaphandle karhulumente. " Yena malunga 1.7 triliyoni. eerandi. Oku wabumba umntu wesithathu-party izibophelelo zemali kwemizimba karhulumente (kuquka local authorities) kwaye aqinisekiswe urhulumente liability wesithathu kwicandelo labucala.

Ubukhulu ityala lwangaphandle enesihlwitha mazwe alandelayo: Brazil, China, eRashiya, Argentina, Mexico, Turkey, South Korea ne Indonesia. Ngu ekuqaleni elishumi, onke la magunya amatyala ngaphaya ezilikhulu billion, yaye Brazil, nokuba amabini, anamanci billion zeerandi.

Kwangaxeshanye, iingcali zibonisa yokuba ukuba ityala yangaphandle ebuhlungu nje kuphela ubungakanani bayo, kodwa intlawulo ye-mboleko.

Ubungqongqo amatyala ngemali kuqwalaselwa ngumzekelo Russia.

Ngokutsho data ingcali, ubukhulu amatyala lwangaphandle eli lizwe ekuqaleni 2004 ubelilingene ikhulu elinamanci asibhozo anesibini ezigidi zeerandi. Xa izinga lotshintshiselwano ngokunxulumene GDP yi -42%, ngokumalunga ukuthunyelwa yonyaka kwempahla kunye neenkonzo - 120%. La manani ingqalelo ngababhali njengophakathi.

Ubungqongqo nenkonzo izibophelelo zemali nga kumiselwa zezinye izinto. Ngoko ke, ngo-2003, iRashiya wachitha (njengoko uqikelelo ingcali) malunga amashumi amahlanu ezigidi zeerandi. Relative ukuya mthombo kunaniselwano namazwe angaphandle - ingeniso evela kwiinkonzo ezithumela impahla - kwaba malunga ne-23%. umbundu Eyingozi kugqalwa sisalathisi 20-25%.

Iingcali zithi, nangona ukungxamiseka ingxaki kwamatyala angaphandle eRashiya, umxholo wayo (ingxaki) itshintshile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuzibophelela ngakumbi ezifanelekileyo mali labucala. Ngenxa yoko, ekungeneni elibalulekileyo neemali zangaphandle kunye iingeniso neoli mali karhulumente, ityala likarhulumente eRashiya has ukuthambekela nciphisa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izibophelelo zemali lizwe izinto ezimbi nje kuphela kodwa ezintle. Amaninzi iingcali zoqoqosho zale mihla alatha ubungqongqo iinkonzo zemboleko, ukuvela ukuxhomekeka kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho amatyala, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwemali-mboleko. Ubukhulu becala kwesi sikhundla unxulunyaniswa ekuphuhliseni ntlekele yetyala kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ezinye zoqoqosho zibonisa ukuba mboleko angaphandle ukuphucula kakhulu imeko yezoqoqosho karhulumente. amandla amatsha industrial basebenzisa ukuthontelana ebolekisayo wesithathu kuphuhliso yayo ekhawulezileyo.

Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukubamba ulungelelwano phakathi kumacala ezilungileyo nezingalunganga yetyala lwangaphandle. Noko ke, oko kuthathwa ukuba izinto ezintle luyazedlula okubi kwiimeko apho imali ebolekiweyo zabiwa ngempumelelo kangangokuba akukho inkonzo nobunzima izibophelelo zemali. Ukuze benze oku, ngokutsho kwiingcali, imali-mboleko kukuba ibhekiswe hayi kakhulu ukuze kubuyiselwe-mali karhulumente, kodwa kwi investment zexesha elide kuqoqosho.