Ukubunjwa, Iilwimi
Yintoni na ke declination le izibizo? Case ngolwimi Russian
abafundi nje kuphela kunye nabafundi lwamacandelo iilwimi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni na declination lwezibizo. Ngapha koko, intetho nokubhala kunye nopelo - alumelanga nabalawulwa ilungelo lootitshala Philologists hayi. Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni na declination zezibizo ngolwimi Russian, unokuphendulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa yokuba lo gama eziliqela, nangona efanayo, kodwa amanani ezahlukeneyo. Siqala uhambo emfutshane zibe etymology.
Yintoni na ke declination le izibizo?
Ukuqala Makhe sihlolisise oko imvelaphi gama liye. Igama elithi "liyancipha" - osengqondweni evela declinatio Latin, gama elo elithetha "kutenxa". Oku akumangalisi, kuba inflection luhlobo ye-anomaly xa kuthelekiswa uhlobo esisiseko sesibizo. Noko ke, udidi "ukuhla" ayikho nje inkqubo yotshintsho lwamagama. Kananjalo uhlobo oluthile izibizo nemeko efanayo kwi modeli. In Russian, kukho amathathu yokumthundezela ephambili, kodwa kukho amazwi ndingenguye nayiphi na kwezi ndidi.
Indlela ukutshintsha izibizo?
Thina enomdla izigaba zentetho, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa, Esayama inani kunye namatyala. Kwi isibaluli lokuqala ilula kakhulu - oko kubonisa inani lezinto ezikhethiweyo. Inani ingaba isinye nesininzi. Kwimeko yokuqala sisebenzisana izibizo, nto leyo imele into nje enye. Umzekelo: iziko egadini. amazwi ezichaza izinto ezininzi ukuze nani ezininzi ezifanayo (imiyezo, nepokotho). Kukho ukuxolelwa.
Ngenxa yoko, ngolwimi Russian, kukho indawo izibizo uhlobo isinye kuphela (njalo-ebizwa singularia tantum). Umzekelo - ubisi, uzuko. Ngokufanayo, kukho izibizo kunye ifomu yesininzi kuphela (kubhekiselelwe kuwo pluralia tantum). ebumnyameni, isikere: Kule meko, umzekelo, la magama alandelayo.
Yintoni na declination wezibizo amatyala?
Ngoku cinga utshintsho elinye kunokwenzeka umdla kuthi iinxalenye zentetho. Nciphisa kumatyala - sisibizo oko kuthetha ukutshintsha ukusetyenziswa namanye amagama. Olu didi kwakhona ibonisa kunye nendima syntactic iindawo declinable zentetho kwisivakalisi. Kwiimeko ezininzi ukuhla kwityala kuthetha ukutshintsha isiphelo ilizwi. Nangona kunjalo, eli gunya akangowakhe kuphela kule hlobo yotshintsho izibizo.
Igama elithi "ityala" livela kwi cadere Latin - ukuwa. Bekela bucala ngqo kunye namatyala elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Eyokuqala kwezi yi- "obuqhelekileyo" igama elinye. Oku nakanjani a yesivakalisi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kwaye wesenzo. Eyesibini i "ukutenxa" kwisiqhelo. Olu didi lubandakanya bonke abaseleyo iinketho declension lwezibizo.
Yintoni affixes?
Xa iyonke kukho 6 izibizo nominative iinketho utshintsho kunokwenzeka Russian for ukubamanya namashishini kunye namanye amagama. Eyokuqala kwezi - ityala nominative. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, oko - "ekunene", ifom endalo ilizwi, e-Latin ibizwa ngokuba le nominative. Genitive wabiza genitive ibonisa akanandibaniselwano nabani na okanye nantoni na, dative (dative) - le into eya apho isenzo ngqo. Wesenzo kuyafana kweyokuqala, yesivakalisi, ke, loo nto iye peculiarity yayo. Oku kusetyenziswa emva izenzi Isixando ukubonisa into ethe ngqo. E Latin ibizwa ngokuba wesenzo. Ablative (okanye instrumentati) amaninzi ibhekisa kwindlela njengesixhobo amanyathelo. Ukongeza, lisetyenziswa emva kwezi zenzi: ukukhokela, ukwenza, ukuze nobomi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, yokugqibela, Izithetha ntonye - prepozitiv. Ukhomba indawo, ixesha, umxholo intetho okanye ingcinga, lisetyenziswa kuphela izalathandawo.
Siye sahlolisisa zonke iinketho ukuhla ngolwimi Russian. umahluko inokuba ngolunye ulwimi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kwi izibizo ngolwimi IsiNgesi enamatyala ezimbini kuphela. Eyokuqala kuzo, i-jikelele - uguqulelo eliqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamagama. Okwesibini, ityala bunini ibonisa, okokuqala, vusa izibizo, leyo uya kumela ngumphefumlo ophilileyo kuphela. Okwesibini, isihloko nayiphi na into kufanele ukuba, uphawu okanye umgangatho. Possessives benziwa ngoncedo lokuyeka ezizodwa - «s». Kwezinye iilwimi, kukho nezinye iimpawu.
Indlela ukwala izibizo ukuba kunjalo?
Ukuba kunzima ukukwenza. Ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi babizwa ngokuba imibuzo declensional ukuba ayityhile ityala Russian. Le theyibhile ingezantsi kukuthi iqulethe zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko.
| icala | imibuzo | umzekelo | izalathandawo |
nominative | Ngubani? yintoni? | lokuzingela, lomkhombe | --- |
genitive | Ngubani? yintoni? | lokuzingela, lomkhombe | hayi, malunga, ukusuka, e |
dative | kubani? yintoni? | lokuzingela, imikhombe | ngokuvumelana |
wesenzo | Ngubani? yintoni? | lokuzingela, lomkhombe | ngokusebenzisa, phakathi, malunga, ukuba |
ablative | ngubani? yintoni? | lokuzingela, lomkhombe | ngaphambili, ngasemva, ngaphantsi, ngaphezulu |
Izithetha ntonye | uthetha ngayo? yintoni? | zemikhombe, kwemikhombe | ukuba, phezu, e-, kwi- |
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla isebenza kuzo zonke izibizo zombini iintlobo isinye nesininzi. Izibizo isininzi izinto lehla phantse onke amazwi phambi kwethu iinxalenye zentetho. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko.
Ziziphi izibizo azizaliswanga kwehla?
Ngolwimi Russian kukho amazwi amaninzi ukuba abe imvelaphi amazwe (umzekelo, bezingahanjwa, nemivalo). Abanye babo musa ukutshintsha nokuba kumatyala, okanye amanani. Ngaphezu koko, basonta ezifanele olo didi kuthiwa- izibizo indeclinable. Zihlala zifana njengoko ngamagama ezokuqala nezokugqibela eligcina ngo kuyoze, -s (sibazi). Olu didi lukwaquka slozhnosokraschonnye amagama (umzekelo, usekela mlawuli).
Yintoni na declension lwezibizo?
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, siye wabikela ibinzana elibonisa nje inkqubo yokutshintsha iindlela zakhe; kodwa ngayo iifayile ngokubanzi nangamagama ukuguqulwa olufanayo imodeli. Njengoko kukho declension ezintathu zezibizo Russian. Ukuze imisele ukuba yeyiphi kuzo ziquka igama, oko kunceda isini kunye nesiphelo kwi isinye nominative. ubone ngokucacileyo indlela declination yangoku kunye neempawu zazo ingashwankathelwa kule theyibhile ingezantsi.
| declension | uhlobo | ophela | izibonelo |
| kuqala | oyindoda, female | s, th | Tata, isibane |
| okwesibini | into eyindoda, phakathi | kuyoze, -I, zero | chibi, igalufa, elephant |
| lesithathu | female | zero (igama uphela -b) | emathafeni |
| icala | declination 1 (Ubunye) | declination 2 (Ubunye) | declination 3 (Ubunye) | isininzi |
| nominative | s, th unina, umalume | kuyoze, -I, - chibi, igalufa, ihashe | - emathafeni | s, s, s, th nomama, malume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emathafeni |
| genitive | s, s unina, umalume | s, th chibi, igalufa, ihashe | s emathafeni | Female, -ev, -s, - oomama, oomalume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emaqeleni |
| dative | s, -E unina, umalume | y, th chibi, intsimi, ihashe | s emathafeni | -am, -yam oomama, oomalume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emaqeleni |
| wesenzo | y, th unina, umalume | Owu, wabasindisa iimpawu chibi, igalufa, ihashe | - emathafeni | s, s, s, -n, -s, - Mama, Malume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emathafeni |
| ablative | th (-oyu) -s (-eyu) Umama (mamoyu) umalume (dyadeyu) | th, -em chibi, igalufa, ihashe | th enkangala | -s, uqikelelo, uqikelelo oomama, oomalume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emaqeleni |
| Izithetha ntonye | e, s unina, umalume | e, s chibi, igalufa, ihashe | s emathafeni | Awu, imi- omama, oomalume, amachibi, namasimi, amahashe, emaqeleni |
Ingaba kukho naziphi na Niyazi ukuba umthetho?
Ayizizo zonke izibizo kuwa phantsi inkcazo yalo naluphi na uhlobo apha ngasentla declination. Xa lilonke kukho 4 ezizodwa. Eyokuqala kuzo - ke, amazwi indeclinable ziphononongwe ngaphambili. Le ngaphandle yesibini - izibizo, ezifana izichazi. Kwaye ukuba nabavumayo ngendlela efanayo njengoko elidlulileyo. amagama afana nazo ngokuba izichazi izibizo declension. Umzekelo: a odlulayo, lokuhlambela. Le ndlela yakhiwe sesithathu - a izibizo heteroclite. peculiarity wabo ukuba kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo abanayo iziqu, akukho extrinsic omnye iintlobo ezintathu declension. Ngawo la mazwi: umendo, isihlabo, imbewu, emibeleni, ixesha kunye nabanye. Ke ekugqibeleni, ngaphandle lesine - izibizo, izimelabizo ezifana engqiyame (zoba).
Njengecandelo amazwi ezibhityileyo "agcwalise"?
izibizo ezinjalo iimpawu zabo. Kula mazwi "pol" component kwi kwiimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo ngaphandle utshintsho wesenzo ku "isiqingatha." Esinye isiqingatha, ngamanye lesibizo, bahluka imithetho jikelele. Musa Ungayami ukuya amagama ambaxa ingxenye "okupheleleyo", apho uninzi amanqaku ukuze uyenze iphile into, ezifana kwisiqingatha-ihashe, polkozy.
Ngoku, emva kokuqwalasela zonke iinkalo isihloko ngokweenkcukacha enkulu, iziphumo kufuneka athathe. Declination zamagama - udidi ebanzi EELWIMI, nto leyo ithetha nayiphi na indlela ethile yotshintsho amazwi, kwakunye inkqubo yokutshintsha ityala kunye nenani labo. Imithetho ezisisiseko declination eyiyo nesemgangathweni kufuneka bazi abantwana nangoku esikolweni. Kakade ke, ukuze angazilibali, njengoko abadala, kwanokuba umsebenzi wabo, ukuba edibene philology.
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