Bangaphi kwamatyala kulwimi Russian? Ukuzimisela yokufa. Affixes - Imizekelo

Ezinye iingcali zeelwimi bakholelwa ukuba ulwimi Russian osisityebi kunjalo. Kuyabonakala ukuba asingabo ezintandathu, njengoko abafundi ukufunda ngakumbi. Ke, njengoko kuvela, kuba zonke izizathu ukubambelela kulo mbono. Ngoko ke, njani kwi kwizibetho ngolwimi Russian? Makhe zama ukulungisa lo mba.

inkqubo icala

Igama elithi "ityala" ngesiGrike kuvakala ngathi "ukuwa," yaye ukususela Latin - "kuwa".

Case (declination) - udidi lwegrama, yenzelwe ukubonisa indima izibizo syntactic nentsebenziswano yawo kunye namanye amazwi yesivakalisi. Ukongeza kwesibizo iguqulwe kumatyala kunye neziphawuli, participles, amanani, izimelabizo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukufa la magama izichazi ixhomekeke declination sesibizo. Ichazwe utshintsho ekupheleni.

Bangaphi kwamatyala kulwimi Russian?

Xa kuqwalaselwa morphology ulwimi Russian, lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba izibetho ezinkulu ezintandathu:

• Nominative (imilo declination lokuqala).
• Genitive.
• Dative.
• Wesenzo.
• Ablative.
• Izithetha ntonye.

Ezi affixes ebizwa ngenxa ikakhulu ukusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yolwaphulo kungenxa yokuba yinxalenye intetho axeliweyo ngaphambili iindlela zegrama kwezi meko.

Kuba declension oluchanekileyo amagama kufuneka wazi ukuba zonke affixes uphendule imibuzo. Ukongeza, ngamnye kubo ichaza iintsingiselo ezininzi. Funda ngalinye kabanzi.

nominative

Bahambelana imibuzo "ngubani?" "Yintoni?" Ukuze ukuqaphela oku mzekelo, kufuneka ningongezi ezwini isibizo "into". Umzekelo: kukho (yintoni?) Lamp. Isetyenziswa ngaphandle izalathandawo. Inani oyedwa ukuvalwa:

• 1 declination: -a -n.
• 2 declination: kuyoze, -X, okanye zero.
• 3 ukuhla: nesiphelo zero.

Yaye yesininzi: s, s, s, th.

Ekubeni uhlobo kwimeko nominative izenzo yokuqala intetho, imithwalo yakhe ziquka:

• ukunika igama ophantsi intshukumo okanye karhulumente (unina uyawathena, abantwana udinwe);
• imisele, isenza loo nto, umntu okanye isenzo (umz intombi Asha xa - nogqirha, imfazwe - intlekele);
• kubiza intloko, injongosenzi, intshukumo, ipropati (asetyenziswe kwizivakalisi yolu didi: ilanga kusasa ..);
• reference Express ukuya kwelinye iqela (abancinane, mingaphi iminyaka yakho?).

genitive

Bahambelana imibuzo "ngubani?" "Yintoni?" Ukuze ukuqaphela kulo mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba lesibizo kufakwe igama elithi "hayi." Umzekelo: (? Ntoni) hayi ikhephu Of. Isetyenziswa kunye izalathandawo kufutshane, kufutshane, ngoko, hayi, malunga, ukusuka, ukuya, ngeenxa zonke, ukuba, ukusuka, ukuya. A nenombolo eyodwa ixhomekeke neziphelo ezifana:

• 1 ukuhla: s, s.
• 2 declination: -a -n.
• 3 ukuhla: s.

Yesininzi elinesiphelo: zero, ababhinqileyo, -ev, -s.

Genitive ingabonisa:

• Ubulungu zesifundo (unyana umatshini lowo).
• Iipropati yenethiwekhi (isibhakabhaka blue).
• Le into ithunyelwa isenzo (TV).
• Isifundo owenza isenzo (Umama ukufika).
• Amalungu lonke (iqhekeza ikhekhe).

dative

ILizwi kwi dative uphendula lo mbuzo, "ngubani?" "Yintoni?". Ukunakana kunjalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba lesibizo kufakwe igama elithi "ukupha." Umzekelo: amabhinqa udade (Ngubani?). Isetyenziswa kunye izalathandawo kuzo. Xa amagama akwisinye baphethe dative:

• 1 declination: e, s.
• 2 declination: y, th.
• 3 ukuhla: s.

declension isininzi luphawulwa ukuvalwa: -am, -yam.

ILizwi kwi dative zenzelwe ukuba ubuqonde:

• Imisebenzi Destination (intombi wamnika iphephancwadi, wabhala ileta eya umama);
• Ngokuxhomekeka lesenzo okanye karhulumente (abantwana abakwazanga ukulala).

wesenzo

Bahambelana imibuzo "ngubani?" "Yintoni?". Ukunakana kunjalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba lesibizo kufakwe igama elithi 'yabona. " Ngokomzekelo, ndiyabona (yintoni?) Umama. Isetyenziswa kunye izalathandawo, emva, phambili, malunga, nge. Inani kuphela ekwafanekisa ekupheleni:

• 1 declination: y, th.
• 2 declination: kuyoze, -E.
• 3 ukuhla: nesiphelo zero.

Isininzi: zero isiphelo, s, s, s, -n, -s.

Wesenzo yena:

• Kubonisa into yokuba isenzo (igumbi ecocekileyo, ukuthunga isinxibo).
• Siveza isixa isithuba, umgama, umlinganiselo kwexesha (ukuqhuba ngekhilomitha, nobunzima ton, alinde unyaka, exabisa idenariyo).

ablative

Bahambelana imibuzo "ngubani?" "Yintoni?". Ukuze ukuqaphela oku mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba igama yesibizo "abanekratshi." Umzekelo: abanekratshi (ngubani?) NgoNyana. Isetyenziswa kunye izihlomelo, ngentla, ngezantsi, ngaphambili, kunye. A nenombolo eyodwa ukuphela:

• 1 declination: th (-oyu) -s (-eyu).
• 2 declination: th, -em.
• 3 declination: th.

Yesininzi: -s, iingqikelelo, uqikelelo.

Instrumental ijonge ukuba ubuqonde:

• umsebenzi isigxina okanye okwethutyana eminye imisebenzi (isebenza joni, wayelungisa imibhobho yamanzi).
• Ngokuxhomekeka of action - ukwakhiwa ungawusebenzisi (ndlu idilizwe abasebenzi).
• Yinto isenzo (ukuphefumla oksijini).
• Isixhobo okanye ngesenzo (inkqubo peroxide).
• Indawo isenzo (yiya yeenyawo).
• Indlela, indlela isenzo (ukucula bass).
• Umlinganiselo kwexesha okanye ubungakanani bento (ukuba athwale emele).
• Object parameter (ubungakanani ngenqindi).
• Ukuhambisana abantu kunye izinto (umzalwana kunye nodade).

Izithetha ntonye

imibuzo efanelekileyo 'bani? "" Yintoni? ". Ukuze ukuqaphela oku mzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba igama yesibizo "Ndicinga." Umzekelo: Ndicinga (ngokuba lowo?) On yintandane. Isetyenziswa kunye izalathandawo, kwi, phezu, kwi, malunga, nini. A nenombolo eyodwa ukuphela:

• 1 declination: e, s.
• 2 declination: -I. s.
• 3 ukuhla: s.

isiphelo yesininzi: Ah, imi-.

Izalathandawo kunye nezibizo uncedo Izithetha ntonye sichaze ukuba yintoni likumeleyo. ezizezi:

• Iintshukumo into (cinga intombazana).
• Locale, isimo (ukuba ahlale esitulweni).
• Emva kokwenza ezinye izenzo (xa efika).

affixes ezongezelelweyo

Ngolwimi Russian, ukongezelela ezinkulu ezintandathu amatyala, ichonge iifom abe iwonga impikiswano kufutshane ityala. Kodwa zibizwa affixes izibizo kuba zenzelwe kuphela declination yabo. Ezi ziquka: a genitive yesibini (partitive okanye kangakanani-ablative), le yesibini Izithetha ntonye (locative, wasekhaya), le yesibini wesenzo (prevratitelny, ebandakanya, ehlangeneyo), ifomu yokubiza (yokubiza), ukubala, zhdatelny, case lishitelny. A phawu olulodwa zezi fom kukuba ngamnye kubo ufumaneka kwisangqa elilinganiselweyo amagama. Ukongezelela, ukuze khona kwiimeko ezithile neemeko. Bit ukuphanda ezi meko. Imizekelo kuya kusinceda ukuba ukujongana kakuhle nabo.

Yesibini ityala genitive yenzelwe ukuba ukwehla kwe amanye amagama isinye oyindoda, ezinxulumene declension yesibini: ikomityi yeti, ngecephe iswekile. End of ukufa, oko kukuthi "y" lidla ngakumbi asetyenziswe Indies kwaye ayisosinyanzelo (kuyenzeka ukuba bathi ingxowa iswekile okanye ibhegi neswekile). Ezi nketho iimeko ekwanti: basele iti. Lidla ezininzi kwizibizo obudoda azisetyenziselwa ngohlobo lwe partitive: ice cube, iqhekeza lesonka.

Okwesibini declination Izithetha ntonye azalwa ezithile iqela ekupheleni zezibizo isinye kunye bendoda. kusetyenziswa Mortality, umzekelo, xa la magama alandelayo: elunxwemeni, iKhabhinethi, edabini. Kwakhona ukugxininisa locative iimpawu ukutshintshwa izibizo ezithile aphela declination yesithathu kunye nababhinqileyo kwaye isinye; kwi cwaka, kwi shallows, kwi-oveni.

Okwesibini wesenzo kwenzeka nezinye izenzi (nespelete, amazimba, khetha ukuya, lilungile, bagqobhozile, tag kunye nabanye.) Emva isimelabizo "kwi". Ngaphandle ivalwe ziyafana kwi nominative isininzi (udibanise pilot).

ityala Zhdatelny phantse ngexesha elinye kunye genitive, kodwa inokubuyiselwa khona ngenxa declination ezithile amagama kunye nefom zegrama efanayo ngendlela le wesenzo: linda (apho nabani na?) ndilindele olubhalwayo (ngubani lowo?) UMzalwan '.

kunjalo Ukubala yahluke kancinane kwimeko genitive kwaye zisetyenziswa xa amanqaku: amanyathelo ezimbini, amacephe ezintathu.

Yokubiza liphantse lifane kwifom yesivakalisi, kodwa eyahlukileyo sokumiswa mzobo elizimeleyo zentetho, ezifana Ukusebenzisa iindidi zesigama: Van, iwuse kwisidudu, Singing, Tan. Oko kukuthi, ukuba lidla ngakumbi kusetyenziswa ekudla ngokuba ukubhekisela elinye iqela.

ityala Lishitelny luhlobo wesenzo, Noko ke, lisetyenziswa kuphela kuphika yesenzi: mna andinalo mna ilungelo lokuba ukwazi inyaniso.

Bangaphi izibetho ngolwimi Russian, enxibe igcwalisa? Ngokutsho izibalo yethu ndinemnyaka esixhenxe. Kodwa eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kukuba ezinye iingcali zeelwimi ingqalelo epheleleyo ukufa ezimbini kuphela: zasekuhlaleni (yesibini Izithetha ntonye) kunye prevratitelny (yesibini wesenzo). Abanye bathi ukuba zhdatelny meko linentsingiselo. Kodwa ekubeni lishitelny kunye genitive yesibini kaninzi genitive na kutshintshwa, ukuba kuthiwe iinketho kuphela uhlobo genitive of ithuba. Yokubiza kunye Ukubalelwa nabo badla musa amacala. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo nje njengesibizo kwimeko yesivakalisi, kwaye eyesibini - ifom lesibizo esiyintloko le isichazi.

Ngamafuphi

Emva kokufunda le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, unako ukuphendula umbuzo malunga bangaphi kwiimeko Russian. Ngoko ke, esikolweni sifunda amatyala ezintandathu ezinkulu. Bona asetyenziswa yonke imihla ukuze naluphi uhlobo lonxibelelwano: .. Incoko, imbalelwano, njll Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo, inike iintlobo ezisixhenxe ithuba, apho zifumaneka kakhulu ngolwimi oluthethwayo. Mangaphi amatyala icace phandle kakhulu? Sinokutsho ukuba alishumi elinesithathu. Njengoko iintlobo ezongezelelweyo iinketho yokumthundezela ezisisiseko, nokuba yiyiphi, ekungasondezwa ukufunda esikolweni ukulungiselela inkqubo yokufunda. Kodwa sinako ukunikela ukuba ziziqhelanise nabo vneklasnnoe ixesha lophuhliso eqhelekileyo.