"Ngubani", "yintoni" - yintoni kunjalo? Affixes kwakunye nemibuzo yawo

Lidla ukusebenza uhlalutyo morphological kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye ityala alihlahlelwanga amagama. Case - enye macandelo zinzima ezikhoyo namhlanje ngolwimi Russian, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukwazi, ukuze sifunde ukuqonda imiba ezintsonkothileyo parses ngokuchanekileyo.

Case ngolwimi Russian

udidi Inflection ukufa ngokubanzi ibhekisa umlinganiselo sisibizo okanye isichazi kwezinye amagama kwisivakalisi okanye ibinzana apho akha kunye namazwi data. Kweli nqanaba ngolwimi Russian, kukho iimeko ezi-6 kuphela: yesivakalisi, genitive, dative, wesenzo, nezixhobo kunye Izithetha ntonye.

Ekuqaleni ulwimi Russian kwakukho okuninzi kwamacala, owakubhangisayo okunene ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwakunye ezimbini. Ntlokoma la kulwimi Russian kunokubonwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amanye amagama kwasekwa ukusuka kwimo kwimeko njengesibizi izibizo nezichazi.

Nominative nabo bonke konke-konke

Isibizo kwimeko nominative oluchasene bonke abanye, kuba unesikhundla esizimeleyo ulwimi lwegrama, maxa wambi wabhekisela ityala ngokuthi ngqo. Eziseleyo amatyala 6 ngqo, ukuba kusoloko kuxhomekeke Ngamanye amazwi kwaye ukuchaza ulwalamano ezahlukeneyo syntactic kwezinye iintlobo lizwi.

Ingcaciso lamatyala baqhubeka. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, "Ngubani na? Ntoni? - case na ", ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba oku kunjalo genitive, kuba onoxanduva lwale miba. Ngamnye imiba yayo ukufa yaso kulula ukulisebenzisa ukucacisa isikhundla ilizwi umbuzo.

Njengoko ubonakaliswa affixes?

Ukumisela ityala kunokuba nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona phezu neziphelo. Ezinye affixes baye phantse esisigxina neziphelo ezixhomekeke uhlobo, inombolo kunye declension (izibizo). Ngoko ke, ngokuba amagama nababhinqileyo, isinye, ityala nominative 1 declination iya kuba ezifanelekileyo ukuphela "a", "I".

Ukuba udibana homonymy, unga zama ukufumanisa imeko ngendlela syntactic (nge thethwana kwaye izalathandawo okanye umyalelo kwamagama kwisivakalisi). ezinye iindlela Used, umzekelo, idla ngokusetyenziswa indlela endaweni, xa endaweni isibizo "iingcuka" endaweni igama ekhoyo okanye "ingqondo". Ukuze ubone izibetho bayakhuthazwa kwakhona ukuba usebenzise zombini umba yetyala.

Affixes kwakunye nemibuzo yawo

Kwimeko nganye imiba ethile. iimpendulo Nominative lo mbuzo, "ngubani? Yintoni ", Ityala genitive -"? Ngubani? ntoni ", dative - 'kuye? Yintoni "wesenzo -" Ngubani? ? Ukuba "instrumental -" ngubani? kunokuba "Izithetha ntonye -?" ngayo? ntoni? ". Ungasebenzisa le mibuzo ukufumanisa izibizo nezichazi kwamatyala.

Ezinye affixes kwakhona pretexts ezongezelelweyo apho kunokuqatshelwa indawo alithabathe ilizwi kwisivakalisi, kwaye kufuneka lidilizwe ngayo. Ukuze ubone izibetho kunokwenzeka phambi nokucacisa amagama ukuba kufakwe endaweni izakhiwo ezongeziweyo, umzekelo, kuba genitive - "hayi" (? Akukho namnye ntoni), Kuba dative - "ukunika", wesenzo - "akunatyala;" negalelo - "ukudala", Izithetha ntonye - " ndithi. "

Forms kwamatyala kulwimi Russian

Intsingiselo lungelelanisa amatyala yakhiwe ngokusekelwe indima abayidlalayo kwisivakalisi. Ukuba lunokubakho ifom kwenzeka kuphela kwigama elinye, ibizwa ngokuba prislovnoy. Ukuba ifom ityala ibhekisela ngoko nangoko isindululo, oko kuthiwa onefuthe.

ifomu onefuthe ngesiqhelo ekwi ekuqaleni yesivakalisi, oko engafakwanga ibinzana, kwaye icwangcisa umoya omawulawule ngethuba lonke isigwebo. Umbuzo kufuneka abekwe ngokusekelwe yonke okanye iingxelo, okanye isigwebo yonke kwangoko. Yibone kwisibonelelo ngokwaneleyo kulula, oku kudla akuyongxaki nokuba abantwana besikolo okanye abafundi.

ngeentsingiselo jikelele lungelelanisa amatyala

Iimpawu zentsulungeko lwamatyala inokuba zabucala okanye ekwabelwana, yaye ukhetho lwabo linikeza idlala indima enkulu kwi lwesivakalisi, ngoncedo yayo kusenokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ekuhlalutyeni izindululo ekhoyo nokujonga nesakhiwo abanalo lwegrama. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, "Ngubani na? Ntoni? - nayiphi na imeko, "kubalulekile ukukhumbula amaxabiso amabini kunokwenzeka.

Ixabiso into ityala kuthetha ukuba, njengokuba into ibhekisa isenzo sibhekiswe kuye. Xa ixabiso amanyathelo yetyala subektnosti olwenziwa kwisifundo, leyo uvakalisa aphathelene nawo. ixabiso Attributive ukuze aveze ubudlelwane phakathi eliqela. Izimiso izibaluli akakwazi ukufumanisa imeko sifundo imbono yonxulumano kuphawu izibaluli. Ngaphandle kwale didi ulwazi Wawuzalisa elinexabiso kungafuna amagama amabini ile babe iifom icala elifanayo.

Amaxabiso zabucala zamatyala: nominative

Ngaphandle amaxabiso esisiseko kunokuba affixes kunye abucala, nto leyo ukucacisa ulwazi enalo kuphela kwinqanaba eliphezulu esikolweni. Abafundi besikolo bacelwa ukuba ukumisela ityala kuphela Ngokwengcamango jikelele, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa kuyo kukho swihoxo ukuba ukuvumela iinkqubo zezikolo phezulu utitshala, ixesha-bandilibele.

Nominative bakwazi ukuba babe esembindini, injongo, njengesivisa, appositive, attributive, ulwazi-kuzele kunye nexabiso izibaluli. Kukho kwakhona ethule i nominative apha, Nelizwi elithethe kulo mzekelo, kwakhiwe ngesihloko sokuqhubeka ngakumbi ebalini.

amaxabiso Private iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo: genitive

Ithe yakuva kudlula lo mbuzo, "Ngubani na? Ntoni? - nayiphi na imeko, "kukho intandabuzo encinane ukuba lo nguye genitive ?. Umqondo genitive yahlulwe priglagolnoe priimennoe kunye semantics kulo mzekelo kucacile ngokwaneleyo, uphawu lokuqala zidityaniswe kunye negama R. n, kwaye eyesibini -. Nge kwesenzi.

priimenny Genitive uba ixabiso elithile, okanye isimo sengqondo, emsondezweni wonke, uvavanyo umgangatho, phawu eendaba into. Kukho kwakhona imeko ngakumbi isifundo okanye ixabiso intshukumo, kunye nokufumaneka ulwazi kwaye igcwalisa amaxabiso njengoko uhlobo partitive.

priglagolny Genitive kwakhona uphendula lo mbuzo, "ngubani? ntoni? ", ityala kukuqinisekisa akukho inkathazo. Kuye ixabiso into ngqo ebhekiselele into okanye awunayo, kwakunye nexabiso obulindelekileyo (ngezenzi ezifanelekileyo: sicelo unqwenela ukuba bafune, etc ...).

amaxabiso Private iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo: dative

priglagolnymi Dative kunye priimennymi unemilinganiselo ethile. Kwimeko yokuqala ngayo lixabiso yento ngaphandle wathumela isenzo echaziwe yi kwesenzi. Kwakhona dative priglagolny unokuba ixabiso ukujongwa ngayo izivakalisi engenabuntu, xa ebiza umntu bezibonela imeko okanye izinto.

priimenny Dative kunqabile kusetyenziswa ngolwimi mihla Russian yaye, enyanisweni, uphinda intsingiselo lungelelanisa le isichazi dative. Kwezinye iimeko, uyakwazi ukuba ixabiso attributive yokuba ngokundibamba kuyo: ukondla iintlanzi.

amaxabiso Private iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo: wesenzo

priimenny wesenzo kwi ngolwimi mihla Russian phantse ayenzeki, ngoko kakhulu priglagolny wasebenzisa okuthetha amazwi into elandelayo eya izenzi haiy, okanye ixabiso kwamanyathelo isithuba kunye nexesha.

amaxabiso Private iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo: ablative

Instrumental kudla elinexabiso priglagolnym imipu amanyathelo, isifundo, umxholo, kunye nexabiso izibaluli. Bathi bonke ngandlel 'kubonisa isenzo. Enengcombolo Wawuzalisa i-ablative-Isimaphambili ixabiso kufuphi ngokwaneleyo omnye komnye yaye isetyenziswe ngezenzi "kuthathwa isandi," njalo njalo Instrumental priimenny - .. Ngokungaqhelekanga ngolwimi, kudla uyaluphinda ixabiso priglagolnye.

amaxabiso Private iimeko elibhalwe ngokumileyo: Izithetha ntonye

Izithetha ntonye ngokusisiseko kuye into priglagolnymi kunye nemilinganiselo izibaluli ukuba anxulunyaniswa nokuba imeko, iminqweno, iingcinga okanye intetho kunye neendawo ecaleni apho kuya kwenzeka.

priimenny Izithetha ntonye kusetyenziswa enqabile kwaye nexabiso priglagolnomu efanayo. Oku kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo sisetyenziswa xa injongosenzi bathi imilinganiselo, umgangatho, iimpawu kunye ekuthethwa ofakelwe.

isiphelo

Affixes kwakunye nemibuzo yawo unokukunceda ubone nje ukuba uhlobo amazwi, kodwa indawo yayo phakathi isivakalisi, leyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeni uhlalutyo morphological kunye syntactic. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba abonisane ziincwadi reference umlinganiswa leyo yenza ngayo ukufa mazibandakanye igama elithile.