Yintoni na uhlobo nethi yesenzi? Izenzi infinitives in Russian

Le morphology lolwimi Russian ezininzi kwaye unika umdla. It Uphanda ingakumbi izigaba zentetho, iimpawu zabo fixed and mutable. Inqaku izenzi infinitives ukuba azixoxwa ngokwenkcukacha.

esithi

Hayi wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i nethi. Olu isenzi ngohlobo aphantsi. Nguye nesenzi-magama. Umzekelo, kwi Dictionary yesenzi ayanelanga, ekubeni luhlobo lobuqu, ungeno unikezelwa Isenzi, kodwa ifom iyevakala - ukuhlangana. Beka isenzi kule fomu singakwazi, ecela into amakayenze? okanye into omele uyenze: ukuhlangabezana - into omele uyenze? ukuhlangana, zoba - into omele uyenze? azobe, ukhumbule - into omele uyenze? ucingo. Esithi yohlukile kwezinye iimo zezenzi kuphela umbuzo. Nezimamva infinitives (ngendlela kokuqala yesenzi) IIMPAWU: -t, ti, -ch. Ngenxa yoko, igama zihlalutywe i isenzi esithi xa kukho morpheme enjalo.

Isenzi kunye ifomu yalo nethi

ukufunda Eyona ngolangazelelo abafundi ulwimi Russian kunye nabafundi abachaphazelekayo kunye umbuzo kutheni ifom nethi yesenzi kuthiwa elingenammiselo. Okokuqala, igama elithi "Infinity" livela kwigama lesiLatini ukuba bubonakala "elingaqondakaliyo". Okwesibini, kwifomu isenzi esithi abakacaci, hayi kanye mandithi, uhlobo wakhe, ekwimo xesha, utyekelo, isini, inombolo, njalo-njalo. Ngokutsho isenzi esithi azichazwanga ngemiqondiso ngokusisigxina, ezifana uhlobo, conjugation, reflexivity kunye transitivity. Phezu kwabo kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Iimpawu engaguquki isenzi

Xa uhlalutyo morphological yesenzi kufuneka ukuchonga iimpawu zayo. Iimpawu abasisigxina kuboniswe yi ngohlobo esithi yesenzi.

Uhlobo - yinxalenye udidi yokuthetha, umlinganiselo amanyathelo ukuya mda lwangaphakathi yenziwa / eyenzekayo. Izenzi infinitives, ephendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni ntoni? Zinelungelo jonga ogqibeleleyo: bathi, kumpheki, yiya. Izenzi ngendlela kokuqala, ephendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni ntoni? kufuneka ifom ongafezekanga ukuthetha, ukupheka, ukuhamba. Ukwahlula ngababini eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, amagama kunye nentsingiselo efanayo, kodwa uhlobo olwahlukileyo: isigqibo - ukugqiba ukuba athi - yithini, lako - ukuthunga, ukubhaka - eziko.

Conjugation isenzi ngokwemveli echazwe imilo sokuqala. K 2 conjugation zezo anesandi u--it (ngaphandle kokuyicheba, walala, kusekelwe), kunye nezenzi hlalani ngokushushu, yabona, iwotshi, uve, ukuphefumla, intiyo, ubunzima, buhlungu, jikani, zixhomekeke; lokuqala - ezinye zonke izenzi. Conjugation kwezenzi, asingabo bonke bungabonakala le nethi. Iklasi of kwezenzi okudodobalisa conjugated, leyo ezidibanisa xa ukutshintsha kuvalwa 1 no-2 conjugations. Ngawo la mazwi, adle, ukubaleka, khetha.

Transience - isici esisigxina ilandelayo. Izenzi infinitives, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukulawula njengesibizo kwimeko wesenzo, ebizwa inguqu, kwaye abo akakwazi - umenziwa. Umzekelo, ukuthunga (yintoni?) Button, bhala (yintoni?) Le umboniso, ukuzoba Umntwana - yenguqu (ngubani?); umnxeba isimanga, hayi zisetyenziswa ukudubula kunye wesenzo, ukuba umenziwa.

Phindaphinda zezo izenzi ukuba babe postfix-xia: ukwakha, ukuhlamba, ukuze wenze ubhukisho. Unrecoverable - abo ongekho imise.

Umbuzo -t morpheme

Izalathisi nesenzo ifomu ekuqaleni - -t morpheme, ti, -ch - zeelwimi ukubiza ingxoxo. Abaninzi bakuchaza njengoko isiphelo, ibhekisela ngokwamandla abo ukutshintsha: ukuba athi - Wathi ngongoma - kuboniswe. Noko ke, le fomu nethi ithathwa ngokuba ingaguqukanga, ngoko neziphelo akamele abe. Ziyanda luguqulelo yaloo morpheme Ekumiseleni le nethi - lo izimamva inflectional.

iintlobo nje yesenzi

Infinitives iindlela bukathixo yesenzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba ifomu akaguquki, apho umntu, isini, inani kuchazwa. Infinitives azikho ilifa zezibizo kwimeko yesivakalisi, ngokuchaseneyo kwifom lobuqu. Ke nje ngokuba inyathelo ngaphandle ubudlelwane bakhe loo mntu. It is hhayi ubotshiwe nethi kunye kudidi kwexesha, nto leyo ichazwe Forms Personal. Utyekelo bona awubonakali. Oko kukuthi, nethi le yenzeka, lifikile ixesha, yena kanye ubiza isenzo. Abanye abafundi bebuzwa ngoko ukuzalana nethi yesenzi. Esithi - kukuthi, ngenye indlela, nesenzi ngendlela sokuqala.

Igrama Russian bodwa kunye nezinye iindlela ezingezo-lobuqu - a ebelidlula kunye gerund. Bona, efana nethi, musa ukutshintsha ubuso. Gerund - loo fom isenzi invariable ukuba idibanisa ngeempawu isihlomelo kunye nesenzi, kwaye ephendula umbuzo ntoni ukwenza ntoni? ukuba ukwenza? : Ukufunda, bemgama, ebonisa nindumzele. UMthendeleko luhlobo yesenzi obonisa umqondiso amanyathelo idibanisa iimpawu asilogama kunye nesenzi, ngokuphendula imibuzo zezichazi: ntoni? Engqongwe omele, ekhangela, ilityalwe.

Indima nethi kwisivakalisi

Faka isenzi ifomu elingenammiselo ukuba enze indima ngesiphakamiso naliphi na ilungu. Kaninzi sifundo-isenzi esithi ngolwimi Russian. Imizekelo: Xa ukufuna inyaniso kwaba esiphelweni ngokwako. Lixabise umsebenzi wabanye - ufanelwe. Engento ukuthetha naye. Ebonisa isenzo esithi ukhonza Isivisa: akuyi ukubona abanye! Akazange ukuqonda. Wayengazi. Ngokufuthi ungena isivisa labalandeli zomlomo, elandela isenzi abangabancedani: Usapho wayefuna ukuhlala apha inyanga. Lena waqala ukusebenza ngoko nangoko emva kokuba baqeshwe. Wayeka yokuhlekisa emva kokufunyanwa izimvo.

Secondary yesivakalisi kwakhona luboniswe uhlobo nethi i yesenzi. Ngoko ke, lo nethi owenza ezongeziweyo indima kwizindululo: I umthetheli wayalela uhlaselo. Bavuma ukuhlangana. Wakhawuleza ndikuqhelile ukusebenza. Esi sigqibo lungabonakaliswa ngumntu nethi: Yena waba nomnqweno ukutshintsha kuba ngcono ihlabathi. Wathabatha ithuba lokuba sihambe. Nethemba ukuya kusasa yehlise kubo. Iimeko thaca yi uhlobo lokuqala yesenzi: UVera wayeza ukuya elwandle. Amavolontiya bafika kwelo chibi yokondla iintaka. Ukuba kubakho ukuzibandakanya abantwana abavela kuwo wonke umzi.

Infinitives e lwemveli nangeyonyani

Infinitives kudala isetyenziswa ngabantu lwemveli, ngakumbi kanye ngemifanekiso. Esithi kufuneka ukudala gabalala of Umxholo: Phantsi isithembiso esonweni ngaphantsi. Isela ezikuthandayo - ukweba. Akukho nzima ukwenza, kodwa kunzima ukuza. Uncwadi ngokubanzi izenzi infinitives. Imizekelo: "hemp eziqala - Ndiza kukwazi ukuphila", "Mna loo kwaye wanibiza - ukufumana phandle", "Bapheni nina kuqala ukuza", "futhi kungekho bani inkxalabo anayo kwakungenjalo, ngokunjalo - nje ukuthetha" (SHukshin In .M "Izitofu-shop."); "Akukho namnye ufuna ukutshintsha imali eseleyo ...", "siziqhelisa smiling t indlela Akim ... banduluka kancinci ukuya amazantsi ebusweni bakhe ...", "ayikwazanga cela afefe yamandongomane kulu" (FA Iskander " lehlobo ").