Intsingiselo zezafobe zamagama - oku ... Yintoni amagama intsingiselo yokomfuziselo? Amagama asetyenziswa ngokufuziselayo

Ulwimi ligama enamacala amaninzi kwaye multi-functional. Ukuze ukuba ukujonga uhlobo wayo kufuneka ukuba siqwalasele iqela lemibuzo ngenyameko. Umzekelo, isixhobo ulwimi kunye ubuhlobo ekule nkqubo yayo, impembelelo yeemeko zangaphandle kunye nemisebenzi eluntwini.

Ingcaciso yeentsingiselo yokomfuziselo

Sele iklasi yesikolo junior, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba mazwi angasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwintetho. Direct (main, main) ixabiso kuthiwa, apho ngamazinga kunye yinyani. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwi imeko kunye yimizekeliso nje. Umzekelo igama elithi "nciphisa". Xa amayeza, oko kuthetha ukuwa esibukhali kwaye ngesiquphe uxinzelelo lwegazi, kwaye ngeenkwenkwezi - ucutheko ngokukhawuleza inkwenkwezi phantsi kwempembelelo amandla omxhuzulane.

intsingiselo zezafobe zamagama - oku lixabiso wabo wesibini. Oku kwenzeka xa ukudluliswa abazi kwesihloko nasiphi na isenzeko ukuya kwenye ngenxa yokufana imisebenzi yawo, iimpawu njalo njalo .. Umzekelo, "ukuwa 'efanayo ke intsingiselo yokomfuziselo yeli gama. Imizekelo zinxulumene kubomi boluntu. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokufuziselayo 'ukuwa' kuthetha ukutshatyalaliswa, kwawa ngokuzisa abantu ngenxa yokuba zisenzeka lobunzima nkqubo.

definition zesayensi

Xa Ezolimi idluliselwe intsingiselo yamagama - nto ithe yabo yasesekondari enxulumene iinqununu ngexabiso ukuxhomekeka ngezacana Nakuba okanye naziphi na iimpawu associative. Xa oku kwenzeka oko isekelwe correlativity ubhalo, spatial, zexeshana kunye nezinye izinto.

Isicelo kwintetho

Amagama kunye nentsingiselo yokomfuziselo ezisetyenziswa ngokunika nesenzeko, ecingisisiweyo into eqhelekileyo rhoqo ukubhekisela. Baya kuza kunye nezinye izinto ukuba umbutho kuya kubonakala kubantu abantetho isisiXhosa.

Amagama asetyenziswa ngendlela efuziselayo, uyakwazi ukugcina imifanekiso. Umzekelo, innuendo elimdaka okanye iingcinga ezimdaka. miso ziphenjelelwa kwi nezichazi-magama. La mazwi ezahlukileyo ababhali yasungulwa izikweko.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, xa kukho ukutshintshwa ngazo, imifanekiso ilahlekileyo. Imizekelo iquka amagama afana Senga kunye ukugoba nogwali, yaye iminqathe clock ngumsila wena. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, eziphango kwenzeka ku amagama anentsingiselo lungelelanisa.

Ukutshintsha umongo kombono

amagama eziphathekayo Ixabiso lingaba kugcinelwa naliphi na inyathelo, uphawu okanye into. Ngenxa yoko, udlula kungena kudidi ezinkulu okanye esisiseko. Umzekelo, umnqonqo lwencwadi okanye ngesiphatho umnyango.

Upelo neempawu

intsingiselo zezafobe zamagama - a abanawo ngenxa ukungacaci zabo. Xa ulwimi lwenzululwazi ibizwa ngokuba "Upelo neempawu". Ngokufuthi akukho lizwi linye ixabiso izinzile. Ukongezelela, abantu abasebenzisa ulwimi, abantu basoloko imfuneko igama isenzeko esitsha, nayo asikabi ubhalo lungelelanisa. Kulo mzekelo, basebenzisa amagama aqhelekileyo kubo.

Imibuzo polisemii - ngokuqhelekileyo oku a imiba zokutyumba. Ngamanye amazwi, hambisa izinto ngelizwi identity ezikhoyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke bayavuma. Ezinye zazo Awuvumelekanga ukuba ube ngaphezu kwesinye intsingiselo yegama. Kukho enye imboniselo. izazinzulu ezininzi inkxaso ingcamango yokuba intsingiselo yokomfuziselo zamagama - kodwa intsingiselo yazo lungelelanisa, nto leyo yaqaphela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, "itumata ebomvu" sithi. Njengoko lisetyenziswe apha, le isichazi lixabiso ngqo. "Red" enokuthethwa umntu. Kulo mzekelo, kuyaqondakala ukuba ihlazo kunye ihlazo. Ngenxa yoko, intsingiselo efihlakeleyo angasoloko esingenakucaciswa ngqo. Kodwa ukuze acacise, kutheni ebomvu kuthiwa ebomvu, Ezolimi awukwazi ukunika. Nje igama elinikiweyo umbala.

Le Upelo neempawu kukho kwakhona isenzeko lwamaxabiso kungalingani. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "ikhefu" lisenokuthetha ukuba into yamane amadangatye, kwaye loo ndoda ihlazo ngehlazo, kunye nento yokuba onke ngequbuliso kwabakho ingxabano, njalo njalo .. Ezinye zezi magama afumaneka ngolwimi kaninzi. Bathi ngoko nangoko qatha engqondweni xa ilizwi iyachazwa. Abanye kusebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezithile ezihamba kunye ezithile.

Phakathi kwezinye iintsingiselo ilizwi, kukho unxulumano lwesemantiki ezenza isenzeko eqondakalayo xa iimpawu kunye izinto ezahlukeneyo kuthiwa ngendlela efanayo.

migudu

Ukusetyenziswa ilizwi ngengqiqo yomfuziselo kuzinza ulwimi nto kuphela. ukusetyenziswa onjalo ngamanye amaxesha umda abatheni, babathwalela ngaphandle ngaphakathi sikhokelo eyodwa kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, injongo iyazalisekiswa ubaxo wathi amazwi isinye.

Ngoko ke, kukho intsingiselo eziphathwayo noxhamla ubuncwane. Imizekelo yalo ukulisebenzisa kwimibongo, uncwadi. Kuba ezi ntlobo i ubuchule esebenzayo yokuluka. Umzekelo, i-awodwa unako ukukhumbula 'amehlo zasentlango iinqwelo "okanye" imvula kufincelwe kwi iipilisi siluthuli. " Iyintoni na intsingiselo yokomfuziselo eli gama kule meko? Oku kubonisa ubuchule layo unlimited ukucacisa izinto ezintsha.

Ukuvela yeentsingiselo yokomfuziselo zamagama uhlobo zoncwadi zesimbo kunye tracks. Ngamanye amazwi, ngakuntsonkotha.

isikweko

Yolwimi kunikwa inombolo iintlobo amagama transfer ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo phakathi kuzo isikweko. Kujongwe ukuba ukusiwa simanga omnye apha kwenye. Kwaye oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa Ukufana iimpawu ezithile. Ukufana inokuba lwangaphandle (in umbala, ubungakanani, indalo, imilo kunye neentshukumo) kunye yangaphakathi (kuqikelelwa iimvakalelo kunye nangeengcinga). Ngoko ke, ngoncedo izafobe bathi malunga nowawukucinga abamnyama ubuso ezimuncu, Ubuxoki vungu yolwamkelo ebandayo. Kulo mzekelo ukutshintshwa yezinto, kodwa ngumqondiso ingqiqo kuhlala enye.

intsingiselo eziphathekayo zokusebenzisa izafobe kwenzeka namaqondo awohlukeneyo kufana. Umzekelo weft (isixhobo zonyango) kunye itrekta ezinqunquthayo. Usebenza ukudluliselwa uhlobo olufanayo. ingqiqo Nakuba ingenziwa kunye namagama ukunikwa umntu. Umzekelo, Ithemba, Love, Ukholo. Maxa wambi amaxabiso transfer eyenziwa ukufana kunye izandi. Ngoko ke, lophondo umnxeba siren.

tiga

Kwakhona enye yezi ntlobo ezibalulekileyo lwamagama zothutho. Noko ke, xa isetyenziswa na isicelo kwihi imiqondiso bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Apha sibe contiguity of unobangela kunye nesiphumo, okanye ngamanye amazwi, ukuba tangency zezinto kwexesha okanye esithubeni.

intsingiselo ngezacana lokomfuziselo zamagama - utshintsho kwisifundo nje kuphela, kodwa ingcamango. Xa ingcaciso yale meko iSADC kuphela uqhagamshelo lwe esoyamene link chain lungelelanisa.

iintsingiselo zezafobe amazwi ekunokuthi kusekelwe phezu umbutho kunye umbandela ukusuka apho wenza into. Umzekelo, umhlaba (phantsi), itheyibhile (ukutya), njalo-njalo. D.

synecdoche

Lo mqondo ukutshintshelwa nayiphi na inxalenye yalo yonke. Umzekelo woku ibinzana elithi "umntwana uya koomama isondo lengubo," "nekhulu eenkomo", njl

Izikweko

Lo mqondo twatse yolwimi isandi ezimbini okanye amagama ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo. Homonymy yi iiyunithi kwenzeka ephilileyo lungelelanisa ezo esingenanto kunye nabanye semantically.

Ukwahlula Izikweko phonetic nelulwimi. Kwimeko yokuqala ekhathaza amagama in wesenzo okanye yesivakalisi, isandi ngokufanayo kodwa abe Ukuqamba ezahlukeneyo phonemes. Umzekelo, isitshixo i "intonga" yaye "ichibi". Izikweko zegrama iyavela xa kwi phoneme, nendlela yokubiza la magama ziyafana, kodwa eyahlukileyo ezithile iintlobo zamagama. Umzekelo, inani "ezintathu" nesenzo "abathathu". akayi kuba efanayo xa utshintsha yokubiza amagama. Umzekelo, "ngokukhuhla", "ezintathu" kunye t. D.

Izithethantonye

Le ngcamango ibhekisa amazwi inxalenye enye zentetho, ngokufanayo okanye efanayo intsingiselo yazo lungelelanisa. Imvelaphi Izithethantonye lwasemzini ulwimi kunye obscheliteraturnogo yayo lungelelanisa intsingiselo kunye lwesigodi. Kukho iintsingiselo zokomfuziselo yamagama kunye nge anzima ( "ukudubuleka" - "na").

Izithethantonye yahlulwe iintlobo. Phakathi kwabo:

• ixabiso elililo xa ilizwi ingqamana ngokupheleleyo ( "kwengwane" - "kwengwane");
• sengqiqo, shades ezahlukeneyo yeentsingiselo lungelelanisa ( "Ndicinga" - "Ndicinga");
• zesimbo, okuye umahluko kwi imibala zobugcisa ( "ukulala" - "ukulala").

izichasi

Le mbono iza amazwi enxulumene inxalenye enye intetho, kodwa iingqiqo eziphikisayo. Olu hlobo amaxabiso eziphathwayo inokuba umahluko kubume ( "ukudlula" - "yenza") kunye neengcambu ezahlukeneyo ( "white" - "black").
Antonymy kubonakala amagama Babonisa counterposed imiqondiso orientation, iimeko, izenzo kunye neempawu. Injongo yokusebenzisa - ukudluliselwa mizekelo. Le ndlela isoloko isetyenziswa kwimibongo ubugagu.