Kutshanje, kuwo onke amanqanaba, kokubini eRashiya kunye Ukraine kunye nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union baqalisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "kwikholam sesihlanu". Kuthetha ukuthini yaye yintoni usongo edalwa eluntwini?
History of the gama
Livela eli binzana unxulunyaniswa i-Spanish Civil War. Emva koko ulawulo republic yenqaba lo zwilakhe General Franco. Ngowe-1936, Franco laqalisa ezikhubekisayo phezu kweengqukuva ka eSpeyin. Ukuba oyike utshaba ngonomathotholo wafuduswa yokusebenza omnye iinjengele, uzwilakhe E. mola. Wathi ukongeza convoys ezine zomkhosi ukuya isixeko phantsi kobunkokheli iinjengele eyahlukeneyo Madrid na amalungu olawulo amatsha, nto leyo eya kwenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ezi ntlola ke ngokuba "kwikholam yesihlanu". ERashiya, njengoko kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, yaye namhlanje lisetyenziswa lo mfanekiso kotshaba lwangaphakathi. Zoba kuthethwa ngembali uze ufumanise ukuba yintoni na kumhlathi wesihlanu eRashiya nokuba ngokwenene kukho isoyikiso kurhulumente?
Ukuphazamisa amagunya asemzini kwimicimbi zangaphakathi Russia
Isibakala sokuba karhulumente ngamnye uyakuthanda yayo neAfrika kunye noqoqosho - Kudala kwaziwa kuyo yonke inyaniso. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba iRussia eyomeleleyo kuqoqosho ngokwezopolitiko - lo mzuzu kokungafunekiyo ngenxa kumazwe amaninzi. Kutheni? Ngenxa sondo Russian, chaza engalindelekanga kwaye womelele, elothusayo kumazwe aphuhlileyo, nto ubona okhuphisana ofuna ukususa naziphi na iindleko. Ngoko ke, amandla phambili yaye wabangela imfazwe lokumelwa (umzekelo, Russian-Turkish 1806-1812.), Yaye nkqubo zasekhaya inxaxheba ngenkuthalo. Umzekelo, ubhedu d'AFP ziinkampani iingangamsha ngo-1801 iye ihlawulwe ngqo ngenxa yiBritani, kwaye ke kuyinyani elaziwayo. Ngoko kwakungekho elithi "umhlathi sesihlanu", kodwa ziye zasetyenziswa iindlela zayo ngokubanzi. Kutheni eNgilani kwakufuneka balahle uPawulos? Kwaye ngenxa yokuba unqophisene uNapoleon wayeceba ukuba aququzelele iphulo India ndikuchase jikelele kubungangamsha yaseNgilani ehlabathini. Ngekhono usebenzisa ukunganeliseki izidwangube uPawulos lokuqala umthetho, iBritani wagqiba iingxaki zabo ngezandla zabo.
Zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini
Singena kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. nokuba ikholam yesihlanu eRashiya lenkulungwane yokugqibela? LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi iye phantsi uqoqosho lwayo waxhokonxa nengxaki entsha. Emva kokuba February Revolution UNikolai England endlwini yobukumkani abazalwana bakhe isicelo ukuba usapho lwakhe, kodwa wala. Kutheni? urhulumente amandla interim akakwazanga ukumelana nale meko kweli lizwe kunye namahlakani zifuna ekhubekisayo esitsha ngaphambili. Ukuza ku namandla iiBolsheviks ebudeni bemfazwe yamakhaya, yabasemzini nangoko waqalisa 'uncedo "intshukumo emhlophe. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene uncedo? amagama aziwayo le jikelele Russian White ukuba nabani na ngaphandle Russian, musa akufuneki laseRashiya omkhulu. YamaBolshevik amandla, ukuze ayichithe lizwe, kodwa zange isebenze kakuhle kakhulu. Yenziwe ngu-Union of Soviet Socialist waba isigebenga entsha, leyo, kwakhona, esoyikwa yaye waphupha ukutshabalalisa, iyantlukwano. ukuwa wayebambene izinto zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Akumangalisi ukuba uMongameli US uvuyisene abantu bakhe ukuba uwine kwiMfazwe Yomlomo emva kokuwa eSoviet.
Elinye icala le ngqekembe
Ngaphandle kokuba isigebenga ezikhoyo, eSoviet Union, watyhwatyhwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi ke agents zabo nommandla wayo, kodwa isikali ukulwa "maphela" ngaphezu yonke imida ofana naye. "Iintshaba zabantu" - isigama leSoviet ukuze indawo kakuhle igama elithi "kwikholam sesihlanu". Le arhente efanayo nempembelelo ukusebenza nxamnye ilizwe labo ukuze kungenelwe omnye. Abaninzi kubo baye kuphela iinjongo kweyabo kodwa izinto eziphathekayo ngakumbi - inzuzo. Noko ke, abaninzi koko abantu ityala abalimele kwi leSoviet, njengoko iintshaba zabantu. Ukongeza, phambi kotshaba zangaphakathi kusoloko izizathu okuhle ukuba ukungaphumeleli-nkqubo yabasemagunyeni zoluntu, ingcaciso ngobukho iingxaki zoqoqosho kunye namkhusane ekuxhaseni abemi. Ngoko ke, i "kwikholam sesihlanu" - mhlawumbi izizathu elungileyo ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo abo ngamandla.
Russia kwiminyaka 90
Ukugcina engqondweni konke oku kungentla, zama ukubona imeko yangoku yezopolitiko ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqwalasela into efana "umhlathi yesihlanu Russia" kwi imeko yangoku. Enye imigaqo esisiseko dialectics kufuna ukufunda isenzeko kuphuhliso kunye ngeemeko zezembali ezingqongileyo. Ngoko ke masiqale kunye ekuweni USSR. indawo Russia kweli hlabathi kubizwa ngokuba ngenye indlela kunokuba njengongenamandla. Abaphathiswa leMicimbi yangaPhandle, isikhundla "Tat No" Gromyko, wenza iminyinyiva kuzo zonke iimfuno ze-United States kunye West emva kokuba iinkokheli lizwe. Kutshintshiselwano, eRashiya amkelwa ngamazwe kunye, la ngamazwi ka Putin, ukuba ahlale nawo amagunya emikhulu kwiintlanganiso i "Big ezisibhozo" kunye like.
Imeko ekhoyo yezopolitiko
Kukho uluvo kulawulo yintende neenkqubo jikelele ngakwicala eUnited States. Ubungqina oku kwanele. Kodwa kamsinya nje Russian Federation baqalisa yokuzilungiselela izilangazelelo zalo qhinga iyaphikisana "uzwilakhe ihlabathi", ngoko nangoko waqalisa ukuthetha malunga eyoyikekayo ndlongo Russia. Imeko namhlanje kukuba uluntu lwehlabathi kwanoligwebayo Russian Federation kuzo zonke izibalo. Ngelo xesha kwasekwa ekoyikeni lizwe kunye Putin ngokobuqu. Oko urhulumente Russian kule meko? Ukhetho ingaba: nazigqibo imeko yabo amandla-rate yesibini kwaye mabanikezele "abaphumeleleyo" okanye izithakazelo zabo. Yintoni na umhlathi yesihlanu kule meko? Kuyinto nje inkcaso kunye namandla buthathaka urhulumente ngaphakathi ndiwanyikimise imeko yezopolitiko ngexesha eyingozi kakhulu lizwe. Le meko ifana ingcamango "defeatists" ngexesha yeHlabathi yokuQala ethethelela iphelelwa yimeko yabo emfazweni.
crisis iCrimea
Phambi kokuba entwasahlobo ka-2014 e-Russia kukho inkcaso, leyo yamelana ulawulo lezopolitiko elikhoyo. Ezinye zezi imikhosi bathabatha inxaxheba kumzabalazo kwezopolitiko esemthethweni yokhetho. Okunye, ezifana edumileyo "Puxi Wright," usebenza encediswa PR-izenzo, ithumba engxakini yaye ebhenca nezenzo kwabasemagunyeni nenkcazo nxamnye inkululeko yokuthetha. Bethe on Bolotnaya Square e Moscow, kuququzelelwa zii emanyene A. Navalny, yaba yayililinge elinyanisekileyo ukukhulisa ukunganeliseki yoluntu. Kodwa kuphela ngokunxulumene nomba iCrimea kwakhona evuselela igama elithi "kwikholam sesihlanu". Ngokubanzi, kuquka bonke ababemelene nokudliwa eCrimea eRashiya. Oku kunika umdla kakhulu iqela elikhulu kwafika izihlwele motley, leyo ambiguously kuhlolwa ukulawula losingasiqithi iCrimea.
Iinzame ukwenza uluhlu lwe kumhlathi wesihlanu
Ngoko ke, inkoliso yabantu kunye zezopolitiko neenkokeli Russian yamkele ukulawula le Ukraine ngokohlobo eCrimea eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ngokucacileyo kwabonisa isimo esibi ngabantu, abo babonisa uqhankqalazo lwabo malunga izenzo abasemagunyeni baseRashiya. Abayi kakhulu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabo bantu kakhulu abanempembelelo. Yamalungu endlu esezantsi epalamente ngabantu abane: Valery Zubov, kulya Ponomarev, Sergei Petrov kunye nguDmitry Gudkov. Ke bona Nemtsov, Yavlinsky, Novodvorskaja. omangalisayo yaba isikhundla zonke amagcisa zakho ozithandayo ezifana uYuri Shevchuk, A. Makarevich, ngubani ngoko nangoko wathetha nxamnye kuhlaselo lwemimandla amajoni Russian kwi eCrimea, ucinga yonke ihlileyo, le nokudliwa. Uninzi amalungu elite yethu yendalo Boyika ukuba ndlela Kunokusuka kukho imfazwe phakathi Ukraine naseRashiya. Oku, Kuyabonakala ukuba, wabhala kunye BG kwiphepha yakhe "Facebook", zibongoza iintlanga ukuba ingxabano. Okwangoku, imfazwe iya ngasempuma Ukrainian. Umbuzo ne eCrimea hung emoyeni.
utshaba người yangaphakathi
Ubukho eliphikisayo kuluntu - oku ke kuqhelekile. Nayiphi na idemokhrasi likhuthaza ezininzi, kuquka izimvo. Ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo yesinyanzelo ephikisayo karhulumente - luphawu totalitarianism. Ngaba sinokuthi abasemagunyeni Ndiyasukela, umzekelo, iqela "Okean Elzy", okanye ezinye amaqela nobuntu abachasene-nkqubo olawulayo? Nabadlali ngokwabo ukuphika le nyaniso. Kodwa kukho okungakumbi. amabutho entlalo ezahlukeneyo, maxa wambi kakhulu eziyingozi, ezama ukuba yilo intshutshiso ekuthiwa kumhlathi wesihlanu. Kwangaxeshanye, uluvo loluntu ukuze agxeke nayiphi na indawo, kuquka inkcaso. Kodwa zezona lwimi lusetyenziswe nakwabeendaba kunye neengxoxo zezopolitiko elithi "umhlathi sesihlanu" - oko kukuthi, ukuba akukho ingapheli uxinzeleko lwentlalo hayi umnxeba ukujongana izinambuzane, iintshaba zabantu, cosmopolitans, njalo njalo?