Big Bang kunye nemvelaphi iphela. Iimfihlakalo Yonke: into yonke phambi Big Bang?

Nkqu izazinzulu yanamhlanje ayikwazi ukuthetha kakuhle ukuba kukho kwindalo phambi Big Bang. Kukho yeengcinga eziliqela, umphakamisi isisitheliso kwesinye imibuzo enzima iphela.

Imvelaphi kulomhlaba

Kwinkulungwane XX, kwakukho ababini kuphela neengcamango ngemvelaphi iphela. Abaxhasi kwindawo yonqulo lwembono, ayekholelwa ukuba umhlaba wadalwa nguThixo. Izazinzulu, phezu koko, zange ayamkele into yonke ezenziwe ngabantu. Zesayensi kunye izazi abaxhasi ingcamango ukuba indalo le yonke ekhona, ihlabathi eme ndawonye yonke into iya kuhlala injalo njengoko oko kangangamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

Noko ke, ukuze kukhawuleze inkqubela yenzululwazi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane kwakhokelela ekubeni yokuba abaphandi baye wadala amathuba isifundo kwamabala komhlaba. Abanye babo kuqala wazama ukuba uphendule umbuzo esibe kwindalo phambi Big Bang.

Hubble isifundo

XX leminyaka yatshabalalisa ezininzi neengcamango zaphawula elidlulileyo. Kuba isihlalo, yeengcinga ezintsha ukuchaza akanakwaziwa unangoku. Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba izazinzulu sele uqinisekile ukuba ukwanda indalo kaThixo. Oku kwenziwa yi-Edwin Hubble. Ufumanise ukuba iminyele ekude zahluke ukukhanya kwabo evela izihloko cosmic ukuba isondele uMhlaba. Ukufunyanwa kwalo mthetho yaba sisiseko yomyalelo Edwin Hubble ukwanda.

Big Bang kunye nemvelaphi iphela ziye zahlolwa, xa kwacaca ukuba zonke iminyele 'abaleke' ukusuka mkhanyo, kungakhathaliseki apho wayekhona. oku ungachazwa njani? Xa iminyele ukuhamba, ngoko ke eziNtabeni phambili amandla ethile. Ukongeza, zesayensi ziqikelela ukuba yonke imihlaba kanye ngaxa linye. Ngenxa yokuba abathile yokothuka, baqalisa ukuhamba kuzo zonke iindlela ngesantya emangalisayo.

Le meko iye ngokuba "Big Bang". Kwaye ke ngemvelaphi iphela sichazwe kusetyenziswa lo mbono siganeko elide-nokuma. Xa kwenzeka? Zesayensi bazimisele isantya intshukumo leminyele kunye kwakuthe ifomula ngawo ukuba ibalwe, xa kukho "ukutyhala" okokuqala. Amanani ngqo akukho umnxeba lowo uthatha kodwa isenzeko senzeka 15 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ukufika e-worldwork theory Big Bang

Isibakala sokuba zonke imithala imithombo ukukhanya, kuthetha ukuba i-Big Bang sabelwa isixa esikhulu wamandla. Yaba yena wazala kanye ukugqama, nto leyo indalo elichithwe ngethuba kwizikolo ezikude yabo yenzekile yalapho. Ithiyori Big Bang sangqineka kuqala izazi yaseMelika uRobert Wilson and Arno Penzias. Bathole umoya imitha microwave imvelaphi, lobushushu ogama manqanaba mathathu kwi-Kelvin isikali (oko kukuthi, -270 Celsius). Esi siphumo yaqinisekisa ingcamango yokuba ekuqaleni indalo litshisa kakhulu.

The Big Bang Theory uyiphendule emininzi imibuzo ebuziweyo kwinkulungwane XIX. Ngoku, ke, ezitsha. Ngokomzekelo, yayiyintoni yonke phambi Big Bang? Kutheni le uniform kunjalo, lo gama i ukukhululwa amandla into omkhulu onjalo, ndibachithachithe kuwo onke amacala ngokulinganayo? Discovery Wilson and Arno wazithandabuza Euclidean geometry zoqobo, ekubeni yayiyimini kwabonisa ukuba le ndawo iye zero ugobile.

theory emali

imibuzo ephakanyiswe yabonisa ukuba ingcamango mihla ngemvelaphi ihlabathi akukacaci kwaye zingagqibeki. Kodwa ixesha elide kwabonakala ukuba inkqubela ngaphaya evulekileyo kwiminyaka 60 kuya kuba nzima. Kuphela izifundo yakutshanje kakhulu iye yavumela izazinzulu ukuqulunqa umgaqo omtsha kwaye kubalulekile Physics theory. Yaba mkhuba ultrafast ukwanda emali zalo kwindalo iphela. Kuye kufundwe yaye echazwe ithiyori entsimini quantum kunye nethiyori jikelele ka.

Ngoko ke kwindalo phambi Big Bang? inzululwazi Modern libiza eli xesha "emali". Ekuqaleni ke intsimi leyo otsho zonke isithuba ngengqondo kuphela. Oku kungenziwa xa kuthelekiswa ekhephini, leyo waqala phantsi ithambeka iintaba nekhephu. Com uya kusiqengqela phantsi kwandisa ubukhulu. Ngokufanayo, intsimi ngenxa ukuhla random ngokuhamba kwexesha nanto litshintsha isakhiwo sayo.

Xa kwakhiwa uqwalaselo bomzi yokusabela, kwenzeka. Kuyo ilele iimfihlelo inkulu iphela. Yintoni apho phambi Big Bang? endle emali ukuba akayithandi loo nto ngoku. Emva indlela athi enyuka iphela. Ukuba siqhubeka isifaniso kunye snowball, ngoko emva kokuba lokuqala kubo liqengqiwe phantsi kwezinye kunwenwa, kwandisa ubukhulu. The Big Bang kule nkqubo onokufaniswa owesibini, xa litye enkulu yawa kungena enzonzobileni, yaye ekugqibeleni nemoto Earth. Ngelo xesha, ukuba sabelwa isixa esikhulu wamandla. Alinako yome kude. Oku kungenxa nokuqhubekeka wasabela njani uqhushumbo, indalo yethu ukhula namhlanje.

Matter nasebaleni

Ngoku yonke ubunjwe inani nanto leenkwenkwezi kunye nezinye imizimba yasezulwini. Oku loo mba exudes namandla kakhulu, nto leyo iyangqubana umthetho emzimbeni zolondolozo amandla. Oko ikutshoyo? Undoqo yalo mgaqo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha umdibaniso amandla engenasiphelo kwenkqubo kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Kodwa njengoko unako kuyakudityaniswa indalo yethu, othe gqolo sandise?

theory emali akwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Inqabile kakhulu ukusombulula intsinda-badala ezi iimfihlelo iphela. Yintoni apho phambi Big Bang? endle emali. Emva kokuba nokuvela ihlabathi kwindawo yalo kwafika mbandela eliqhelekileyo kuthi. Nakuba kunjalo, ukongeza kuyo ukho kwindalo entsimini omxhuzulane, eye amandla ezimbi. Iimpawu zezi zinkampani wayengazifuni. Ngoko ke ihlawulelwa amandla avela kwisuntswana, iinkwenkwezi, langa kunye nezinye izinto zayo. Le ubuhlobo ichaza isizathu sokuba indalo nangoku asizange sibe emngxunyeni omnyama.

Xa Big Bang Kwathi nje, ihlabathi sasisincinane kakhulu kuye ukuba into ukuze ziwe. Ke kaloku, njengokuba indalo landiswa, kwezinye iindawo kwabonakala imingxuma abamnyama asekuhlaleni. intsimi yabo omxhuzulane ibizela yonke macala onke. Ukusuka alikwazi ukubaleka, nokuba ukukhanya. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yoko, le mingxuma black.

ukwandiswa kwendawo yonke

Nangona isiseko theoretical component theory kwamaxabiso, oko awukacaci indlela Universe wakhangela ngathi phambi Big Bang. Nje umntu ukucinga oku. Into yokuba intsimi kwamaxabiso ayinamsebenzi. Yinto bachaza imithetho eqhelekileyo physics.

Xa Big Bang, intsimi kwamaxabiso baqala ukwandisa ngesantya engaphezu isantya ukukhanya. Ngokutsho nezalathisi emzimbeni, kwindalo yonke kukho izinto nto leyo yenza ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kweli nani. Ukukhanya Ukhuthaza ngokusebenzisa ezweni ekhoyo kunye amanani aphezulu kakhulu. endle emali isasazeka ngesantya ngakumbi, nje ngenxa yobuntu babo nezo zingabonakaliyo.

Ubungakanani iphela phambi Big Bang waba ezincinane. Ukulinganisa ubukhulu bayo ngoku, zezibalo kufuneka ukwakha amanani kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwezinto jikelele, i-mkhanyo ngaphakathi ihlabathi eziphathekayo, akakwazi ukubona okwenzekayo ngaphandle. Lo mgaqo usebenza nakwabo oko phambi Big Bang indalo. Photos zezifundo astronomi imela kuphela amagcisa intsomi.

Amasuntswana kunye antiparticles

The Universe iye yandiswa kakhulu kangangokuba ukukhanya akanalo nexesha ukufikelela iikona zayo ezisemaphandleni. Kwangaxeshanye, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngaphandle intsimi yehlabathi usaqhubeka nangoku, nangona ayifumaneki kwaye umntu ophila kwihlabathi eziphathekayo. Ukwandisa yonke ebanda njengoko ekhula. lobushushu radiation kusithwa, ngenxa yokuba ngamaza uba ixesha elide, kwaye ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuchitha amandla ngaphezulu.

State of the iphela phambi Big Bang waba eyohlobo olulodwa. Kodwa xa baqala ukwandisa, kwakukho izinto ezintsha amasuntswana. Le quark, neutron, protons, electron kunye ziluhlaza. Kukho antiparticle kunye nenombolo yakhe kunokuba kulingana nenani ngamasuntswana zesiqhelo. Ukuba le ungubani lwenzekile, ngoko indalo iphela yayiza kutshatyalaliswa.

Nature wenze yonke kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani amasuntswana kwakukho iqela elikhulu ephezulwana antiparticles. Ngenxa kwesi siseko sibobu budlelane, kwaye kukho ihlabathi eziphathekayo. Cosmic radiation microwave imvelaphi, othe gqolo ukusasaza ngapha babeziindleko ngayo indalo, kwakukho ngenxa nje ukutshatyalaliswa efanayo amasuntswana ezithile kunye antiparticles. Xa Lexicon yale nkqubo lwenzululwazi kuthiwa intshabalalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amandla radiation oyidingayo, uwe. Ngoku yena malunga neshumi lamawaka eliphindwe ezincinane kunolo amasuntswana nezakhiwo ezinkulu.

Livela kwemithetho yemvelo

Xa ubudala iphela sele ifikelele ngomzuzu omnye, neutron kunye protons baqalisa coalesce zibe helium, eziFihliweyo kunye deuterium. Yaba lo mcimbi yokuqala evela ehlabathini eziphathekayo. Inkqubo yokuqaphela kungenxa abasabela zenyukliya. Ngenkulungwane XX, zesayensi ziye wafunda le nto waze wafunda okumdambisa njani. Ekubeni ngeeatom unikelwa isixa esikhulu amandla, uluntu naphaya le nkqubo kwiimfuno zabo zoqoqosho. Kwakukho izityalo amandla enyukliya. Namhlanje, ukuba amandla amawaka imizi.

indlela Nuclear sele isetyenziswa njengesixhobo. Ekupheleni Second World War okokuqala baseMerika lehla iziqhushumbisi atomic kwi eJapan. ukuhlaselwa Ukubulawa nje ukukhululwa enkulu amandla. Kodwa amanani abhalwe e Hiroshima, ukuba ayinamsebenzi xa kuthelekiswa iinkqubo yenzeka kwimizuzu yokuqala emva kokusekwa kwehlabathi eziphathekayo.

Ngenxa yokuba izazinzulu mihla sele ukwazi lukhulu ngeeatom asetyenziswe kwezoqoqosho kunye imfazwe, abaphengululi bakwazi ukubuyisela umfanekiso rough into iphela phambi Big Bang. Ukusebenzisa izibalo, ukuba ibalwe bangaphi kwaye imiba wabonakala kwimizuzu yokuqala emva ukusabela endle kwamaxabiso.

Emangalisayo kunye nenye into. Zonke izibalo wenzululwazi, esusela kwintsebenzo yangoku wendalo baba ncam esebenzayo, kukhombisa imbonakalo iphela. Oku "ukuqondana" uthi imithetho physics baye baqalisa ukusebenza ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela zehlabathi eziphathekayo. Ukususela ngoko, i-ifomula lecebo ayizange itshintshe. Benza ngoku. Umzekelo, kunokuthiwa ngale Einstein ngayo kwezinto. asemthethweni Ukunyanzelisa lula umsebenzi iinzululwazi ozama ukuba baqonde into eyenzekayo phambi kokuba Big Bang indalo.

Imvelaphi iminyele

Kunye nethiyori Big Bang, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukuchaza imvelaphi beminyele. Xa ihlabathi kanye, zonke imigama baba ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu ngaphakathi kuyo. Noko ke, kwezinye iindawo, le nkqubo ngeendlela ezithile. Esi sikolo sasinolwalamano kunye yokuba amanqaku ezahlukeneyo mninzi eneji isithuba waba umsebenzi oncomekayo.

Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iindawo yonke enye enkulu sele efunde engaphezulu. Le nkqubo iye yachazwa zizazinzulu American kwinkulungwane XX. Kulo mbono ifomu yenzululwazi kunye ethandwa sele kuchaziwe yonke thotho umboniso 'phambi Big Bang. Ngomhla umzila le mfihlelo. "

Kwiindawo ezixineneyo energy ephakamileyo isehla inyuka kakhulu lobushushu. Le meko yaba umqondiso ucinezelo yentsimi omxhuzulane nto ngayo. ixesha emali kwavusa kwiindawo ezininzi. Emva kokuvela iphela omxhuzulane data intsimi negalelo sites kunye nokuqina. Kulapha awabazalelwayo iminyele - izihloko ze neenkwenkwezi kuyo langa kwakhiwa. Umhlaba wethu ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwisixokelelwano. It kugxile inkwenkwezi yawo (ilanga) kwaye iyinxenye kumnyele iMilky Way.

Imeko yangoku iphela

Ixesha langoku yendaleko iphela inayo ubomi. Izazinzulu bakufumanisa kunzima ukubona ukuba bangaphi na ziya kuhamba eli thuba lexesha. Kodwa ukuba nabani na baqalisa izibalo ezinjalo, siya bafumane zibalo kungekho ngaphantsi kwe amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Impilo-ezifana ingxenye eyodwa yabantu mkhulu kangangokuba nkqu calculus yezibalo kuyafuneka ukuba kurekhodwe ngokusebenzisa izidanga. Okwangoku bafunda ngcono kakhulu i-pre-imbali iphela. Yintoni apho phambi Big Bang, xa kunjalo, kuya kuba phantsi kuphela uphando sethiyori izibalo ngqindilili.

Kwihlabathi eziphathekayo, nkqu iintsalela kwexabiso isalamane. Umzekelo, quasars (uhlobo yezinto ngeenkwenkwezi) ekhoyo kumgama ukukhanya-iminyaka eli-14 billion evela Earth, emva njengesiqhelo wethu "ngoku" kwa-14 billion kwiminyaka ukukhanya. Eli Umsantsa xesha kakhulu. Kunzima ukumisela, nkqu ngokwezibalo, singasathethi into yokuba phambi ngokwabo ngokucacileyo kufana basebenzise yomntu (nokuba le bangi) nje akunakwenzeka.

inzululwazi Modern kuthiwa achazele mna lonke ubomi ihlabathi lethu eziphathekayo, eqalela amaqhezu yokuqala owesibini bobukho bayo, xa kanye i-Big Bang. A History Gqibezela le liphela intw 'ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Izazi ufumane iinkcukacha ezintsha emangalisayo ngoncedo izixhobo zophando maxesha kunye nokuphucuka (yerediyo, iilebhu njalo njalo. D.).

Nangona kunjalo, akukho engamqondi senzeko. Kule ndawo imhlophe, umzekelo, oko ke esimnyama kunye namandla emnyama ngayo. Umongo wale ngobuninzi efihlakeleyo indikhathaza ezingqondweni sifunde kakhulu phambili physics mihla. Ukongeza, yaye akazange abe ingongoma olunye imbono malunga izizathu zokuba kutheni amasuntswana kwindalo ngaphezulu nangoku ngaphezu antiparticles. iithiyori ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziye zavela kule nkalo. Ezinye zezi bemizekelo othandwa kakhulu, kodwa akukho namnye kubo iye yamkelwa kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ngamazwe njenge inyaniso elingenakuphikiswa.

Ngomhla isikali ulwazi jikelele kunye mkhulu ezifunyaniswe iinkulungwane XX, ezi zikhewu zibonakala kakhulu zingabalulekanga. Kodwa imbali nenzululwazi njalo umona ibonisa ukuba ingcaciso izibakala 'amancinci "ngezimanga uba isiseko yonke umelo abantu kwingqeqesho xa uwonke (kule meko sithetha ngeenkwenkwezi). Ngoko ke, izizukulwana ezizayo wenzululwazi, Kakade ke, uya kuba nento yokwenza fumanisa kummandla ulwazi yohlobo iphela.