Yintoni pyrolysis? Ukuchaza ingqiqo yenkqubo

Yintoni pyrolysis? Yintoni ukubaluleka ngayo kwishishini yemichiza mihla? Siza ukujongana nomba.

Ngomhla pyrolysis of hydrocarbon

Ngoko ke, yintoni na pyrolysis? Inkcazo yale nkqubo ibandakanya i yokubola wobushushu le organic ezimbaxa ngaphandle kukho ioksijini. Phantsi sokonakalisa oyile, amalahle, iinkuni. Emva kokuba inkqubo uvelisa irhasi yokuqaphela, kwakunye nezinye izinto isiphelo.

inkqubo Iimpawu

pyrolysis reaction lwenziwa kubushushu degrees 800 ukuya 900. Le nkqubo kuthathwa lowo eyintloko ukuze kwakhiwe ethylene. Le hydrocarbon unsaturated yinto feedstock kubalulekile ukuba iintlobo-oganikhi khompawundi: benzene, divinyl propylene.

iinkuni pyrolysis

Babebanga oko pyrolysis, siphawula ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala obu bugcisa liyaqhubeka lwemichiza oyile negesi iye yaba nelungelo AA Summer ngo-1877. Yintoni na pyrolysis imithi? Siyaqondakala ke wenziwe lobushushu izidanga malunga 500. It linxulunyaniswa ukuyilwa components ezingundoqo iimveliso zemichiza ezifana acetic acid, amalahle, intlaka, acetone. Njengoko ilizwe lethu "ubuncwane 'amahlathi eRashiya asebenza izityalo ezinkulu kwinkqubo iinkuni pyrolysis.

inkunkuma pyrolysis

Pyrolysis kwenkunkuma yiprojekthi eyodwa ngenxa yokwaphuka inkunkuma yasekhaya. Ukuntsonkotha pyrolysis zeplastiki, amavili, inkunkuma ezahlukeneyo organic ngenxa yokuba ubuchwepheshe ezahlukeneyo kucingelwa, eziya kwahluka kakhulu kwinkqubo zokulungisa kakuhle ezinye izinto eziqinileyo.

Ukubunjwa inkunkuma ezininzi yinto isalfure, chlorine, phosphorus, emva igcwala (ukubunjwa oxides) bafumane iipropati hexa. Iimveliso pyrolysis banciphisa kokusingqongileyo.

Xa impefumlelwano iklorin kunye nezinto eziphilayo emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo ukonakala, kukho yazingcolisa kuhlala iikhompawundi olonakalisayo ezifana iidioksini. Ukuze zifake ezi mveliso kukhutshwe umsi, ifuna ufakelo ekhethekileyo pyrolysis. Loo nkqubo ifuna iindleko eziphathekayo ebonakalayo.

Kumazwe aseYurophu, kubaluleke kakhulu eziphilayo ingxaki yokurisayikilisha lwamavili ubudala, amacandelo irabha ezithe kuzalisekiswa ubomi inkonzo yabo. Ngenxa yokuba i-oyile feedstock yendalo iimbono zilahleka izimbiwa, kufuneka ingasetyenziswa kangangoko ubuninzi imithombo eziziisekondari.

Indlu kunye nolwakhiwo kobutyobo uyakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezininzi kwezinto kombhalo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba kuqulunqwe le ndawo yoshishino.

Iipholima kunye namavili zezona izinto enkulu oxabisekileyo ekrwada. Emva processing yi pyrolysis esezantsi-lobushushu zingafumaneka iqhekeza ulwelo lwe hydrocarbon ifumile (oyile chemicals), irhasi enokutsha, carbon intsalela kunye nentambo metal. Xa utshisa nokuba iitoni yerabha waseTire ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera komyalelo ka-270 kg carbon abamnyama malunga 450 kg kwezinto sukube ityhefu.

gas Synthesis

Lo mxube yeehidrojeni nembumba yeekharbon monoxide (2). Xa isikali mveliso kokuba ifunyenwe ngokuqhuba umphunga oguqukayo methane, gasification wamalahle, methane igcwala processing of inkunkuma ephilayo. Kuxhomekeka iteknoloji leyo uvelisa igesi yokuqaphela, apho umlinganiselo carbon monoxide yehayidrojini ingahluka ngaphakathi uluhlu lwe-1: 1 to 1: 3.

Phakathi izicelo ezinkulu umbandela ekrwada kuthatha indawo methanol lemveliso ezizodwa Fischer-Tropsch yokuqaphela. Libhekisela sokungamelani yemichiza kwenzeka phambi kuvala. It iqulathe kwi uguqulo carbon monoxide kunye hydrogen ezahlukeneyo hydrocarbon ulwelo. Ngokomthetho zokuthundeza (accelerators) le intsebenziswano ikhethiwe ayibe nesinyithi.

Ingakumbi kule nkqubo ukukwazi ukuvelisa zokwenziwa sesicelo zabo ngohlobo oyile ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe eyenziweyo okanye yesibaso.

Ingakumbi ukufumana

Yintoni na imichiza basabela njani? Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na. Ukuchazwa pyrolysis sele kukhe kwatshiwo ngentla apha, yaye ngoku ingqalelo iimpawu kukho imichiza. inkqubo Fischer-Tropsch ibandakanya ngokuhlanganisa methane mpilo. iimveliso Reaction ezi carbon monoxide kunye hydrogen. Indlela abasabela wanika series ezizizembiwa alkane kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Kuye kwasekwa iimveliso ezizizembiwa emva zokuhlanjululwa isetyenziswa ukwenza i oyile zokwenziwa.

pyrolysis Intsingiselo

Igesi monoxide kunye negesi yehayidrojini ezenziwa igcwala kwenxenye iinkuni namalahle. Ukubaluleka yenkqubo efana Ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinileyo ekrwada (ezizizembiwa inkunkuma okanye namalahle) hydrogen okanye hydrocarbon ulwelo.

Xa pyrolysis nonoxidative inkunkuma eqinileyo ngoku kwishishini michiza igesi imveliso yokuqaphela. Ezinye lisetyenziswa amafutha imoto ngaphandle kuqhubekeko oluphambili nezikhundla le Fischer-Tropsch basabela. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa i paraffins ezifanayo ulwelo amafutha kunye igrisi isicelo nobuchwepheshe yemichiza lula.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyusa ubungakanani hydrogen yimveliso utshintsho umthamo zomphunga asuswa kule nxaki kuvuselele chemical. Kwimeko enjalo, emva kokugqitywa basabela wavelisa yeehidrojeni nembumba yeekharbon dioxide.

technology Improvement

Emva ezifunyenweyo, eyenziwe abaphandi German Hans Tropsch kunye Frantsem Fisherom ngo-1920, iteknoloji ngokuphindaphindiweyo yala maxesha, ukuphuculwa. Ngokuthe ngcembe inani amafutha eyenziweyo zidalwe pyrolysis, eJamani wafikelela 124 lamawaka imiphanda ngosuku. Loo sisalathisi eyayikho ngowe-1944.

modernity

Kule mihla, kukho iinkampani ezimbini ezinkulu, asetyenziswa kwezobugcisa yayo Fischer-Tropsch. Uninzi diesel eveliswe pyrolysis woMzantsi Afrika, iimveliso igcwala ezilandelayo kwakhiwa.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo unikwa technology imichiza ezifunyenwe emva oososayensi baqalisa ukukhangela iindlela ukuvelisa idizili izinto ezisezantsi-sulphur unako umonakalo zisezantsi-bume. Umzekelo, iinkampani US okwangoku feedstock coke okhethiweyo okanye amalahle, ukuyekelela hydrocarbon ulwelo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba inkqubo pyrolysis yi iteknoloji esomeleleyo ezinokusetyenziswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, inxulunyaniswa iindleko eziphathekayo eliphezulu ukwenzela ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kolu fakelo. Kubavelisi ezininzi, oku kukuthintele, ngenxa yokuba kukho umkhwa ukuba zehlise amaxabiso oli ehlabathini.

isiphelo

World amalahle makhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ukuba zingasetyenziswa njengomthombo amafutha ngenxa kwamanani ioli kubalulekile. Umhlaziyi abathatha inxaxheba kushishino oyile negesi, baqinisekile ukuba pyrolysis unako ukuvelisa hydrocarbon ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Bakuphawula abanikaziyo ukuba amafutha nto iye nje kuphela ukusebenza ephakamileyo kokusingqongileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-oyile zamafutha, kodwa eyamkelekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo kubathengi kumqolo ngexabiso. Kwimeko yokudityaniswa of Fischer-Tropsch kunye biomass gasification kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuthetha malunga indlela elithembisayo mveliso olujikelezayo amafutha nemoto lwalo.

zokwenziwa ekrwada ezifunyenwe pyrolysis of amalahle inokhuphiswano kuphela xa ixabiso ioli phezu $ 40 umphanda. Kuba ukuveliswa okunjalo umxube hydrocarbon kuyimfuneko ukutyala uluhlu ezisixhenxe ukuya asithoba yeebhiliyoni zeerandi asibhozo amawaka emilambo amafutha zokwenziwa. Technologies ezinxulumene inkqubo pyrolysis, saqondwa kwezenkolo phakathi kwezona indalo. Yiyo loo nto kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo sinikele ingqalelo enkulu kuphuhliso iindlela ezintsha ekuveliseni izibaso ezizizembiwa, leyo kubavumela ukuba kude ioli ngezixhobo zemveli ekrwada. Ngenxa lobuchwepheshe ezintsha kunye imixokelelwane okuphucula inkqubo pyrolysis kube lula yaye kuxabise kancinane kakhulu ukufumana ezikumgangatho ophezulu hydrocarbon ulwelo. Imveliso leyo isetyenziswa kuphela xa amafutha kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izinto zemvelo.