Yintoni snowflake? ukuba akhiwa njani kwaye uchaze ukuba iqulathe ntoni na?

ziikristale ice Tiny iintlobo ezikhethekileyo entsonkothileyo, enika ngesisa thina sonke yasebusika - yiyo into iqhwa. Imfihlakalo lo mmangaliso emangalisayo indalo sele kudala umdla ambuze iingqondo. njani le meko, leyo imithetho kuxhomekeke ziyavumelana okungqongqo iifom zazo yaye kutheni zahlukahlukene kakhulu - le mibuzo iza kuzama ukuphendula kweli nqaku.

Imbali isifundo iqhwa

Izazinzulu ziye kudala bazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na iqhwa ukucacisa isakhiwo entsonkothileyo-gingxi izakhiwo zabo. Eyokuqala imizobo yabo ukusuka kwindalo zenziwa yi-Swiss ngumphandi Mangus ngo-1555.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVII-nzulu waseJamani Iogann Kepler wafumanisa ukuba phantse zonke iqhwa ke crystals ezinamacala amahlanu. Uye ishicilelwe ngomxholo inamaphepha enzululwazi.

Kule minyaka 1635-1637 umbuzo yintoni iqhwa banomdla sezibalo French Rene Dekarta. Wachaza ukuba khangela okweenyibiba, roses kunye iivili kunye namazinyo ezintandathu. Uye ashicilelwe imizobo yabo, onokuwatshintsha nokuba ubone ngamahlwantsi kunye amazinyo ezisibhozo okanye elinababini, yendalo kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngowe-1885, isazinzulu American Wilson Bentley ukufota yikristale yokuqala kwekhephu phantsi ngemicroscope. Kuba phantse elinamashumi amahlanu, ukuqokelelwa yakhe malunga 5000 photos efanayo.

Japanese Nakaya Ukitiro - yamachiza - asekunene benza izifundo zendlela zezilwanya iqhwa kwaye kutheni bonke ezahlukeneyo kunjalo, kwiminyaka engama-30 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Yena yokwahlukanisa yabo yokuqala lwezenzululwazi, kwaye wasungula indlela ekuveliseni ikhephu ngumntu. Igama nzulu ebizwa ngokuba Museum of kulengqele ikhephu iqhele eJapan, kwisiqithi Hokkaido.

Ngowe-1955, i-A. Russian iqhwa baphesheya yahlulwe iiklasi ezisithoba, kunye neentlobo-48. Phakathi kwabo - "neencanda", "yenaliti", "elibonakayo", "imivalo", "amakhonkco cuff" kunye nabanye.

American Kenneth Liebrecht abahlala kule mihla, 'wayezele Handbook iqhwa. " Zaselebhu yakhe, ziikristale ikhephu bazibonise ngokuzenzela, ukuba Kuyakwazeka futhi ukunika imilo yoyilo.

Njani ukuba iqhwa

Iqhwa akhiwa enkungwini emanzini. amaqamza amancinci lobushushu eliphantsi kunye nokufuma uphakamileyo incitshisiwe ngamafu. Bajamelene amasuntswana othuli edada emoyeni, uzisondeze ke. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba enamakhulu iqhwa, - i yamasuntswana uthuli (crystal nuclei) kunye amasuntswana ice encinane, lukhula ngcembe ngeenxa ngamnye kubo.

Njengoko snowflake elizayo uyawa emhlabeni, oko zokuyixakatha zonke ziikristale ice entsha, lo gama kugcinwe ukwakheka kwalo ngokucacileyo ezinamacala amahlanu. iinxalenye khaxa ngembonakalo yikristale ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.

Kweziphazamiso endleleni kunye amachaphaza supercooled, snowflake iyaqhubeka ngokukhula. Ukufikelela uninzi lwezinto, liwa phantsi - emhlabeni.

ezahlukeneyo iqhwa

Endleleni akhiwa iqhwa nendlela zikhula, oku kuchaphazela izinto ezininzi. Okubaluleke kakhulu them - alternation lobushushu ngokwemaleko ezahlukeneyo yeegesi, ziikristale ikhephu kuthathelwa badlule.

Emoyeni, le iqhwa atshintsha rhoqo. Kwiindawo ebandayo ukukhula ziikristale ukhawulezisa, ukuhluma kakhulu ubude. Apho, apho kukho umoya ngakumbi zifudumeleyo, i "imitha" kakhulu liyatshona, kodwa ziqala ukukhula ububanzi. Ukwazi ukuba snowflake, ungakwazi ngokulula isizathu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu kwindawo ethile ngokuqhelekileyo iwela okufana sohlobo ikhephu.

Ngoko ke, kummandla aseBalti and Central Russia ngemini ezolileyo, ikhephu sivame ngohlobo kukubola "anoboya" ezinkulu, apho ube ifom entsonkothileyo branched. Kunye zemimoya enamandla umoya iqhwa kubushushu obuphantsi zingqubane omnye komnye, kwaye ivuthu- zibe ngamaqhekeza entle kuwa ezantsi. Ukuba hit isidanga-mane ebandayo, umkhenkce ziikristale abanazo ndiya kubusithelisa emhlabeni 'uthuli diamond ". Kwaye kumbindi Yakutia ngeentsuku ezibandayo ngokufuthi kuwa "inaliti" ubhityileyo ngumkhenkce.

Xa iqhwa iwela

Ikhephu abunjwe kwimeko xa lobushushu umoya ngaphantsi kweqondo ezimbini Celsius. Inkolelo yokuba lo ubushushu kuthetha kufuneka ngaphantsi zero - yintsomi. Kulo mzekelo, uqala ukunyibilika kwekhephu sele iwile. Nangona kunjalo, xa ubushushu emoyeni inkqubo kwiindawo apho kukho ehlele ngokuyimfuneko kunciphisa.

Esisinda ishq ikhephu kuwa kuluhlu degrees zero ukuya ezimbini. Kodwa ukuba lobushushu uqala ukuba ukuvuka ngasentla, ngoko, oko iqulathe iqhwa - ziikristale ice encinane, uya ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini anyibilike. Kulo mzekelo, mhlawumbi, sifanele silindele ukuwa ikhephu emanzi, kunye nemvula.