Yintoni yegesi insimbi? Ngokufutshane malunga plasma

Physics - inzululwazi umdla kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha bafumana izinto ezinjalo, oko sikuvileyo, kodwa musa ukuba ingcamango yokwenene. Kwaye namhlanje, xa ubudala zobugcisa ophezulu, oko liya buyacutheka ingqiqo plasma, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, igesi insimbi. Abantu abaninzi, ukuva nje ilizwi, boyike, yaye abazange bazame ukufumana phandle ekuthethayo. Kodwa yonke into ilula kakhulu, kwaye kweli nqaku, siza uchaze ukuba yintoni na yegesi insimbi, yaye yintoni iimpawu kuyo anazo.

Ngaphambi kokuba akunike inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ezibanzi, siza kuqhuba imbali emfutshane.

indaba

Plasma, okanye lesine imo nto, yafunyanwa ngo-1879 yi-William Crookes ukuhlola ezibandakanya arc yombane. Kamva, inzululwazi yonke wadalwa ngokuba plasma physics. Uvelaphi inzululwazi kutheni kuyimfuneko? Eyona nto kukuba isifundo wafumana plasma elikhulu esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi neteknoloji. Kodwa siza kuthetha kamva. Kwaye ngoku kancinci kakuhle ingcamango "igesi insimbi".

Yintoni plasma?

Eli gama weza Russian evela kwisiGrike. Kuthetha "zinokuhonjiswa", "wenza". Ngawo la ke amazwi alambathayo. Njengoko yaziwa, irhasi eqhelekileyo kuthatha uhlobo inqanawa apho sibekwe (njengamanzi). Yiyo loo nto ingalawuleki kwaye akukho imilo article. Nangona kunjalo, i-plasma - yinto enye. yena Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba umbuso wesine mba. Kuyinto zahluke kwezinye onke amazwe iipropati zabo ezizodwa. Into yokuba yonke athom ezakha plasma, kuba ziindleko entle okanye embi.

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngendlela yokufumana indlela plasma kwaye isicelo apho, siya ukuqonda imiba kwithiyori plasma physics, kuba iluncedo kakhulu kuthi ukuba kwebali ngakumbi.

Imfundiso plasma

Kule khosi chemistry isikolo elininzi ixesha lokuhlawula izisombululo kunye amasuntswana ukuba ziqulathe. Ezi amasuntswana icala babe iipropati ezizodwa kwaye ibangele ezininzi Iimpawu zomzimba kunye imichiza iinkqubo ezithile, "enyibilikayo - zesinyibilikisi". Noko ke, ion (amasuntswana amacala isisombululo) ikhona nje kuphela an zolwelo medium.

Kwathi kanti, kwaye igesi ibe atom insimbi kwaye enze intlawulo entle okanye embi. Oku kwenzeka inkqubo enkqonkqoza ngaphandle ovela evela atom yimikhosi ngaphandle. Electron ezintweni kwakhona angqubeke nayiphi na atom, yaye "babethe" omnye electron. Kodwa kusenokuba imeko eyahlukileyo: electron nga aphaphazele aye ion kwaye kwakhona zenze atom cala. Zonke ezi nkqubo ukuthatha rhoqo indawo kwi plasma. Kuyinto oguquguqukayo kungekho imikhosi yangaphandle ngokuxhasa.

Fumana plasma Ngokusisiseko ngendlela elula kakhulu, zifikeleleke sonke ekhaya: edlula igesi ngokusebenzisa pewa yombane of ombane aphezulu. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa i arc ubushushu, kokukhona ukufudumeza plasma, sinokuyifumana kwi imveliso. Le ombane ephakamileyo kwiitheminali yayo, kokukhona irhasi insimbi ifunyenwe emva.

Le plasma nayo zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Ngoko kwenzeka plasma (gas insimbi), uya kufunda kwicandelo elilandelayo.

ububomvu

Ngomhla ngemvelaphi irhasi insimbi lungohlulwa lube ngumntu nezendalo. Ne yokuqala yonke imbono ecacileyo, umntu ngokulula ukudala plasma kwaye uthi ngeenjongo zalo (umzekelo, izibane neon, laser, olawulwa mbawula fusion). Kwaye yintoni a plasma kwindalo? Edume ukubonakaliswa kwayo - umbane.

Yi irhasi insimbi nayo kubangelwa isenzeko le ezimibalabala Aurora, banayo ithamsanqa wayengafundi bonke abemi behlabathi. Kwakhona, umoya elanga, ekho esithubeni, isimo wesine mba. Ukuba sicinga plasma nenye intsingiselo, kuvela ukuba yonke indawo yeyakho kuye.

Le plasma nayo zahlulwe ibuyela kwithempritsha yayo. Njengoko yaziwa, irhasi eshushu, isindululo esebenzayo ye molecule e kuyo, yaye ngaphezu namandla alo. Ekubeni plasma kungumthombo igesi, ezi ngxelo ziyinyani kuye. и холодный (соответственно, температура меньше миллиона K) . Ngoko ke, ukuqala koko lobushushu insimbi igesi, yahlulahlulwe yaba eshushu (ubushushu ngasentla million K) nengqele (ngokulandelelana, ubushushu lingaphantsi kwe kwesigidi K).

Kukho enye Isalathisi ngakumbi - ngesidanga ionization. Ibonisa ntoni ipesenti ezi athom zahlulwe phakathi ion kwi plasma. Xa Isalathisi enjalo ukwahlula igesi insimbi kakhulu kwaye nizkoionizirovanny. Oku kwakhona zibandakanyiwe kwelinye ukuhlela eqhelekileyo.

isiphelo

Plasma - hayi into enzima enjalo ukuqonda. Ubunzima baqale ukufunda nzulu ngayo. Kodwa njengoko kunokubonwa nayiphi na into. Siye Akasohlwayi izibalo, njengoko kuchaziwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze achaze undoqo kolu luvo. Physics - kakhulu inzululwazi umdla isifundo kuyimfuneko, ukuba nje kuba singqongwe kuyo yonke into yaye yonke. Kwaye Inqaku lethu ijolise ukungqina oko, kuba plasma ngeenxa zonke kuthi, kanye ukuba ngamanye amaxesha musa esingayiqondiyo kakuhle enzulu nesenzeko ezinxulumene nayo.