Yiyiphi i-capacitor kwaye yintoni na?

Ukucacisa ukuba yintoni i-capacitor, simele sichaze ngokucacileyo iziseko zomsebenzi kunye nokuqulunqwa kwalo mbandela oyimfuneko kuzo zonke izixhobo eziphambili zekhompyutha.

I-capacitor yinto yesiphaluka sombane esinezibhebhile ezimbini zokuqhuba, ngasinye sinezixhobo ezichaseneyo zombane. Amacwecwe ahlukaniswa yile diyetrikhi, ebancedisa ukugcina le ntlawulo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kuma-capacitors, kuquka i-ceramics, mica, tantalum kunye ne-polystyrene. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni i-capacitors nazo zi-insulators, ezifana nomoya, iphepha kunye neplastiki. Ngolunye lwezinto eziyimpumelelo zivimbela i-capacitor ukuba ingaphazamisane.

Yintoni umthamo wesikhundla?

Ingqiqo ye "capacitor capacitance" ichaza ukukwazi ukuqokelela umbane. Iyunithi yokulinganisa ikhono likaFarad.

Ukuba i-capacitor igcina i-intlawulo yexesha eli-1 kumlinganiselo okhoyo phakathi kweengubo zayo ezi-1 ze-volt, ngoko unamandla eFarad. Enyanisweni, le yunithi inkulu kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi. Iimpawu zendlela yokusebenzisa amandla xa usebenzisa i-capacitors ziwela phakathi kweMF (10-3 F), i-microfarad (10-6 F) ne-picofarad (10-12 F).

Ziziphi iipropati?

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yiyiphi i-capacitor, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iindidi eziphambili zeli candelo, kuxhomekeke ngenjongo, iimeko zokufaka isicelo kunye nohlobo lwesityebhethi.

Izixhobo ze-Electrolytic zisetyenziselwa kwizijikelezo apho kufuneka khona amandla aphezulu. Uninzi lwale miba luyi-polar. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zazo ziyi-tantalum okanye i-aluminium. I-aluminium i-electrolytic capacitors inexabiso elincinci kwaye ibe nesicelo esibanzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-tantalum ine-efficiency ephezulu kakhulu kwaye ikwazi ukwenza izixhobo zamandla kagesi.

I-tantalum capacitors ine-tantalum oxide njenge-dielectric. Zibonakaliswe ukuthembeka okuphezulu, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo, ubuninzi beqondo lokushisa. Ziyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zedijithali, apho kuphakanyiswe khona umgangatho ophezulu wamandla kumgangatho omncinci. Ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo, ziveliswa ngobuninzi beemfuno ze- electronics industry.

Iingxaki ze-tantalum capacitors ziquka ukuvalelwa kwimizila ekhoyo yangoku kunye nokugqithisa, kunye neendleko eziphezulu ezinxulumene nale mveliso.

Amagunya asemandla, njengomgaqo, asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo eziphezulu zamandla. Ziyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuhlawulela ilahleko kumigqa yamandla, kunye nokuphucula umbane kwiinkqubo zombane zombane. Zenziwe ngefilimu ephezulu yepropylene yetekisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemfuno ezikhethekileyo kunye neoli engeyiyo eyingozi yokufaka ioli.

Baya kuba nomsebenzi wokuzibhubhisa umonakalo wangaphakathi, obenza ukuba bathembeke ngakumbi kwaye banwebe ubomi bomsebenzi.

I-capacamenti yeCeramic ineekeramics njengezinto eziphathekayo. Benza umsebenzi ophezulu ngokubhekiselele kumbane osebenzayo, ukuthembeka, ukulahleka okuphantsi kunye neendleko eziphantsi.

Uluhlu lwazo lwezixhobo luyahlukahluka ukusuka kwii-picofarads eziliqela ukuya kwi-0.1 μF. Njengamanje, enye yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-capacitors ezisetyenziswe kwizixhobo zombane.

Iimvumi ze-mica zesiliva zathatha indawo yamaca asele ngaphambili. Banokuzinza okuphezulu, izindlu ezivaliweyo kunye nomthamo omkhulu ngeyunithi yeyunithi.

Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kweemali zeciliva-mica kuphethwe yindleko ephezulu.

Kwiphepha kunye ne-metal capacitors, amacwecwe ayenziwe nge-foil aluminium yincinci, kwaye njengephepha elithile, iphepha elikhethekileyo elifakwe kwi-dielectric eqinile (ichinywe) okanye i-dielectric isetyenziswa. Zisetyenziswe kwizijikelezo eziphantsi kwee-radiyo zamajelo kumasebe aphezulu. Ziyahlukahluka ngokuthethileyo.

Yintoni ekusebenziseni i-capacitor?

Kukho imizekelo emininzi yokusetyenziswa kwama-capacitors kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukugcina izimpawu ze-analog kunye nedatha yedijithali. Abaxhobi bezakhono eziguquguqukayo basetyenziselwa ukuthungatha i-telecommunications ukulawula ubukhulu kunye nokucwangciswa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano.

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokusetyenziswa kwawo kukusetyenziswa kwimpahla yamandla. Apho, ezi zinto zenza umsebenzi wokutshiza (ukucoca) i-voltage elungisiweyo kwimveliso yezi zixhobo. Zingasetyenziselwa kubaphandi bee-voltage ukuvelisa umbane ophezulu ophezulu kuninzi lweemveliso zamandla. Izigulisi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula i-voltage, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okungaxinwanga kwiinkcukacha zekhompyutha, njl njl.

Ukuchaza ukuba yintoni i-capacitor, umntu akanakunceda ukuthetha ukuba le nxalenye inokusebenza njengendawo yokugcina i-electron. Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi ngokwenene unemiqobo ethile ngenxa yokungapheleli kweempawu ezixhasayo zeselethi esetyenziswayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-capacitor inepropati yokugcina amandla kagesi ixesha elide xa likhutshwe kwi-circuit load, ngoko ingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wesikhashana wamandla.

Ngenxa yezixhobo zabo ezizimeleyo, ezi zinto zifumene izicelo ezininzi kwiimveliso zombane kunye nezombane ezingenabunqamene nemveliso ye-electrotechnical ayibandakanyi ubuncinane enye into enjalo nayiphi na injongo.

Ukucaphula, kungathiwa ukuba i-capacitor yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinani elikhulu lombane kunye nezixhobo zombane, ngaphandle kokuba enye inkqubela phambili kwisayensi kunye ne-teknoloji yayingenakucingeka.

Yiloo nto i-capacitor!