Yiyiphi idolophu ekhululekile eRussia?

I-ejensi ye-Federal yokwakha kunye neenkonzo zezindlu kunye neenkonzo zommandla-"Rosstroy" - ibamba intambo yonyaka kwidolophu ekhululekile kakhulu yaseRussia. Ukususela ngo-2010 bonke oomasipala baseRashiya baseYurophu banokuthatha inxaxheba kulo. Ukubamba iqela elifanayo phakathi kwezixeko zelizwe kuyindlela enhle yokuba iintloko zikamasipala ziphakanyise ukulinganisa ummandla wazo, ziphucule isimo sabo semali kwaye zitsalise iimpembelelo zokutshala imali. Unyaka ngamnye phakathi kwabaphumeleleyo bachaza zonke iidolophu ezintsha ezange zingabikho kwiluhlu. Le nyaniso ayikwazi ukuvuya. Ngoko yiyiphi imizi eRussia ekhululekile kakhulu? Sifunda malunga nezinto zonke.

Ingundoqo kunye nenjongo yokhuphiswano

Naliphi inani leedolophu kunye needolophu zithatha inxaxheba kulo khuphiswano. Phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zilandelayo:

• Ukuchonga imizi ekhululekile eRussia.
• Ukuhlela nokukhuthaza umsebenzi woomasipala ekuphuculweni kweendawo zokuhlala.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukhuphiswano kufuneka ekuhambeni kwexesha luchukumise ngempumelelo nje kuphela ukubonakala kweendawo zokuhlala, kodwa nokufundisa amagosa kamasipala ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwintsimi yenkxaso yobomi kubemi.

Kuze kube ngoFebruwari 1, ngonyaka, amaxwebhu avela kwiintloko zamadolophu kunye neendawo zokuhlala kwidolophini zithunyelwa kwikhomishina yekhomishini . Olu luhlu olukhulu lweemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, ulwazi malunga nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zephondo, iingxelo zokuphucula. NgoFebruwari, amalungu ekhomishini afundela izixhobo kwaye enze isheke. Ngokweziphumo zalo, idolophu ekhululekile kakhulu yaseRashiya iya kubhengezwa.

Izinto ezibonelelwe oomasipala kwikhomishini

Ngokwenene, ezi zixhobo kunye neengxelo zikhonza njengemigangatho ethile yokukhetha abaphumeleleyo, kwaye into nganye ibaluleke kakhulu kwisixeko esifuna ukufumana isihloko esihloniphekileyo esithi "Isixeko esinoNyantyiliso eRussia".

Abathathi-nxaxheba balwa phakathi kwabo ngokwezi zikhundla zilandelayo:

• Ukuphunyezwa kwemimandla ethile yokwakhiwa kwezindlu kunye nokulungiswa kweenkunzi zezindlu.
• Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ngokufezekiswa kwezindlu ezifumanekayo ezithwala ugalelo, ukudibanisa izindlu ekunikezeni amanzi, njl njl.
• Icandelo lophuhliso loluntu kunye noqoqosho lwelo sixeko, kwakunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zelizwe kule ndawo.
• Sebenzela ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kweendlela, iindlela zokuhamba, kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokupaka.
• Umgangatho wokuhlaziywa kweendawo zokuhlala kunye nomyinge womsebenzi owenziwe kulolu hlobo.
• Urhulumente wezothutho lukawonkewonke kunye nenqanaba lenkonzo yabemi.
• Izinga lokunciphisa inani lomsebenzi wokwakha olungagqitywanga ngaphambili.
• Ukulondolozwa kwelifa lemveli, lenkcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli.
• Ukukhawuleza ekulungiseleleni iinkqubo zokufudumala ebusika.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokukhuseleka kweso sixeko.
• Ukubonakalisa ubugcisa bokuphuhliswa kweedolophu, ukuhlolwa kokulungiswa kwezonyango kwezakhiwo zomda.

Ngokwezicwangciso ezicetywayo, ikhomishoni kufuneka imisele imizi ekhululekile eRashiya ekupheleni konyaka. Kwimeko apho izinto ezingenakwenziwa ngoFebruwari 1, ukuthatha inxaxheba kumncintiswano akunakwenzeka.

Ukwakhiwa kwekhomishini

Kukhomishoni ngonyaka udibana neengcali kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Iqukethe abantu abayishumi elinesihlanu, ezivunyiweyo yiKomidi yeSizwe yeZindlu nezoKwakha. Iintlanganiso zibanjwe phambi kwe-2/3 yokwakhiwa kwekhomishoni, i-protocol yenziwe apho kwenziwe isigqibo.

Amalungu entlanganiso kufuneka abe yingcali kwiinkalo ezifana nokuzicwangcisa, i-ecology, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lwezithuthi ezindleleni, i-epidemiology, ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, izindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Kwakhona kwikhomishini kukho ababameli boorhulumente basekhaya.

Ukukhetha umntu ophumeleleyo

Ngokwendlela echazwe ngasentla, ikhomishini iqulunqa uluhlu olupheleleyo lweedolophu ezigcinwe kakuhle eRussia. Abaphumeleleyo bachazwa kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• Icandelo lokuqala lizixeko ezinkulu, ezi ziziko lolawulo lwezifundo zelizwe;
• Udidi olu-2 - isixeko esinabantu abangaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka;
• Udidi lwesithathu luyimizi enabantu abali-100 000 abantu.

Iphinda ihlawule iziphumo zonyaka ize ivakalise umntu ophumeleleyo kwicandelo 1 loorhulumente welizwe, nakwezinye iindidi ezimbini - iKomiti yeSizwe.

Ngokutsho kwezi nkcukacha, i-news and appraisal arhente zenza ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezikhulu kakhulu eRussia. Unyaka ngamnye olu luhlu lushintsha, kukho ezinye ezongezelelweyo zokuhlala, kwaye oku akunako ukuvuya. Abantu baseRussia bafuna ukubona izixeko zabo zikhula, zicocekile, kwaye iindlela ziphephile. Akunabo bonke abahlali namhlanje abanokuqhayisa ngokuchuma nokukhula kwesixeko sabo. Iingxaki eziphambili yimeko yendlela, i-stock housing, izindlu ezibuthathaka zokwakha izindlu, urhwaphilizo phezulu. Ukusombulula le miba ngokubanzi kuxhomekeke kubaphathi boomasipala.

Amaphuso okuba abaphumeleleyo

Imizi ekhululekile kakhulu eRussia ayifumana kuphela indawo ehloniphekileyo, kodwa iyakunikezwa nediplomas zikarhulumente. Kwakhona kwinqanaba ngalinye kwiindawo zokuwina umvuzo i-premium yemali kwisininzi esikhulu sisungulwe.

Kwindawo yokuqala yokuhlala:

• Kwinqanaba lokuqala - iiruble ezingama-20.
• Kwiindidi ezi-2 kunye ne-3 - izigidi ezili-15 zirhola nganye.

Kwindawo yesibini exakekileyo:

• Kwinqanaba lokuqala-i-ruble ezigidi ezili-15.
• Kwiindidi ezi-2 - iiruble ezigidi ezili-10.
• Kwiintlobo ezi-3 - iiruble ezigidi ezingama-7.

Kwindawo yesithathu:

• Kwinqanaba lokuqala-i-ruble ezigidi ezili-10.
• Kwiindidi ezi-2 - iiruble ezigidi ezi-5.
• Kwiintlobo ezi-3 - iiruble ezigidi ezintathu.

Ezi mali zivumelekile ngo-2013 kwaye ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zezoqoqosho ngokubanzi kulo lonke ilizwe. Ezi zintlawulo zijongwe kwangaphambili kwi-budget federal.

Ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphambili kakhulu kwiidolophu zaseRashiya akuzona nje ezidumileyo, kodwa zinenzuzo. Amagunya wesiXeko anethuba elihle kakhulu lokuphucula imeko yeso sixeko kunye neebhonasi. Ukuchitha imali kungenziwa kuphela ngale ndlela ilandelayo: ubuncinane i-90% ye-premium kufuneka isetyenziswe ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwe-dolophu, ukuya kwi-10% yemali efunyenweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza abasebenzi bamashishini amagosa kunye namaziko aphunyelele impumelelo kwaye enza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuculeni kwesi sixeko. Inkcitho yale mali ihlolwe ngokukhawuleza.

Ngubani oluhlu lonyaka odlulileyo?

Ekubeni abaphumeleleyo ngo-2015 baya kwaziswa ngokuwa, khawuqwalasele ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezikhulu kakhulu eRussia ngo-2014. Urhulumente, ophethwe ngu-DA Medvedev, wamemezela abaphumeleleyo ngoNovemba kunyaka odlulileyo. Ukunikezelwa kwamagunya, iimbasa ezikhethekileyo zanikezelwa kunye nokunikezelwa kwamaphuso okukhunjulwa. Ngoko zeziphi izixeko ezixhotyiswe kakuhle ekuqaleni kuka-2015?

Kulo phiswano, abaphumeleleyo bathengezelwa kwiiklasi ezintlanu. Owona mkhulu kakhulu phakathi kwabo ngowokuqala. Endaweni yakhe yahanjiswa ngale ndlela:

Indawo 1 - iKrasnodar.

Indawo 2 - Ulyanovsk noBarnaul.

Indawo 3 - iTula neKaluga.

Kwinqanaba lesibini, iindawo zazisasazwa kwezi zilandelayo zixeko:

Indawo 1 - Engels (esifundeni saseSaratov).

Indawo yesi-2-Oktobha (iBashkiria).

Indawo 3 - iAlmetyevsk (iTatarstan).

Phakathi kwezixeko zecandelo lesithathu labaphumeleleyo kwakukho ngaphezulu:

Indawo 1 - iMamadysh (iTatarstan).

Indawo e-2 - uRtishchevo (esifundeni saseSaratov), iTyymazy (iBashkiria) neMedvedevovo (iMari El).

Indawo 3 - iSukhinichi (esifundeni saseKaluga) kunye neAznakaevo (iTatarstan).

Phakathi kwimizana eyaziwayo kakhulu iVarna, Askarovo, iKundysh, Intaba ePhakamileyo, Khvastovichi kunye nabanye.

Iidolophu eziphumeleleyo kwiminyaka edluleyo

Ukudala uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweedolophu ezili-10 ezikhululekile eRussia, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde abaphumeleleyo ngexesha lokhuphiswano. Ngelo xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ezo ndawo zithi amaxesha amaninzi anikezelwe ngamabhaso, ngakumbi okokuqala.

Ngenxa yoko, sifumana itafile elandelayo: "Izixeko ezikhulu kakhulu eRussia."

Indawo	Sixeko
1	Khabarovsk
2	Saransk
3	Kaluga
4	Angarsk
5	Makhachkala
6	Novosibirsk
Wesi-7	EBelgorod
8	Cheboksary
9	Novorossiysk
10	Oktobha

Ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezikhulu kakhulu zaseRashiya kubandakanye izixeko zeenkalo zokuqala neyesibini. Kwakhona ndifuna ukuqaphela izixeko zase-Almetyevsk, u-Ulyanovsk, iTyumen, iKrasnoyarsk. Bonke baye baphumelela ngokuphinda bawubonge i-Russia-ukuncintisana.

Musa ukulibala malunga neendawo zokuhlala ezifumana amanqanaba kwiindidi zesithathu neyesine. Phakathi kwabo ndingathanda ukugqamisa oku kulandelayo: iGelendzhik, Builder (esifundeni saseBelgorod), iMamadysh (iTatarstan), uLeninogorsk, iDmitrov, i-Gorodets nabanye.

Uluhlu lwabaphumeleleyo kunye nelungelo lokuqhuba imicimbi yezemidlalo kweli lizwe

Ngo-2018, iRashiya iya kumkela iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA. Lo ngumcimbi obalaseleyo. Emva kokubambelela kwempumelelo yeeHlabathi zeOlimpiki ze-Olimpiki eSochi, iindwendwe ngo-2018 ziyakulindela kithi inqanaba elifanayo eliphezulu.

Ukuqwalasela iindwendwe kungekhona kuphela ubuhle kunye nokulula kwebala lezemidlalo, kodwa kunye nokubonakala kweendawo zokuhlala ezihloniphekileyo ukufumana iimidlalo. Kukho izixeko ezilishumi elinanye kuloluhlu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezo zifakwe uluhlu olupheleleyo lweedolophu ezikhulu kakhulu eRussia. Ngokomzekelo, umkhulu kaMordovia nguSaransk. Enye yezona zixeko ezintle kakhulu eRussia ziya kubamba imifino kwibala le "Mordovia Arena", eya kuhanjiswa ngonyaka olandelayo. Umthamo webala le-45 000 abantu. I-Saransk - idolophu enobungane, inomdla kakhulu, iyenzeka ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezi-5 ezizilungele kakhulu kwiRashiya.

Amagama ambalwa malunga neKhabarovsk neKaluga

I-Khabarovsk idolophu eluhlaza. Kukho ezininzi iipaki, izikwere ezineemithombo kunye neziqingqi. Abasemagunyeni bahlawula ngokukhethekileyo ukucoceka kunye nokulungiswa kweendawo zokuhamba. Yingakho isixeko esisebhankini le-Amur, kude kakhulu nakwiziko, ngokuqhelekileyo yaba ngumqhubi weqonga eliphambili "Isixeko Esihle Kakhulu SaseRussia".

Imibandela yokuphila, ukubonelelwa kwezindlu, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo - konke oku kuzuzisa ukukhula kwesixeko sabantu. Ukuba ngo-2010 bekuyi-577 441 abantu, ekuqaleni kwe-2016 eli nani liye landa kwabali-610 611 abantu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuhlala kwendawo yokuhlawula kuthintela ngqo le ncwadana.

I-Kaluga yidolophu yasendulo. Apha, amagunya anika ingqalelo enkulu kwingxaki yokulondoloza ilifa lemveli. Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko ndifuna ukugqamisa i-Chambers ye-Stone Chambers, iCawa loMthendeleko weNtombikazi oyiNtombi, iBridge Bridge, iBandla lokuguqulwa koMsindisi, i-Gostiny Dvor, i-Trinity Cathedral, i-Ensemble of Places Public and others.

I-Kaluga idume ngokudutshulwa kwenani elikhulu lefilimu, umzekelo, "Ukuthanda inesiRashiya", "iCarnival", "iVrooshilovsky shooter", "iMoscow-Cassiopeia", "Umda." Inomxholo yeTigaiga, "I-White Bim Black Ear".

Amagosa kaMasipala unyaka unyaka enza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuphucula, kungenxa yoko, kunye neKhabarovsk kunye neSaransk, iKaluga ifakwe kwiindawo eziphezulu "Izixeko ezinhlanu ezikhulu kakhulu eRussia."

Isiphelo

Akungathandabuzeki, umncintiswano obonisa ukuhlala ngokukhululekile kwiRashiya ngumcimbi omangalisayo, unike ithemba lokuba abaphathi beedolophu kunye nabaphathi beedoloya baya kubonakala bebonakala kule ndlela. Ukufumana umvuzo wekarhulumente kukuzuko olukhulu.

Akukubi ukuba ukuphumelela ukhuphiswano kubalulekile ukuhlula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, kungekhona ezimbini neenyanga ezintathu ukuchitha emsebenzini, kunye neminyaka yokwakha amava. Njengomzekelo obalaseleyo, unako ukubeka ingqalelo kulawo mazwe abhalwe kwiluhlu lwezona zinto zilungileyo. Phakathi kwazo azikho nje izixeko zemimandla yokutyelela, isimo sezulu eshushu, kodwa kunye nalawo aphakathi komgca ophakathi kunye nasenyakatho.

Abemi beli dolophu, idolophana okanye idolophana baphupha ngokubhekisa ubomi babo. Oku akusebenzi nje kuphela kwicandelo lezoqoqosho, kodwa kwimeko yemigwaqo kunye neendlela, ukubonelelwa kwabemi kunye ne-polyclinics kunye ne-kindergartens, ukulungiswa kwezindlu, ukubonelelwa kwegesi, amanzi okusela kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle. Konke oku kusemandleni enkqantosi yesithili kunye nabangaphantsi kwayo.

Ingqwalasela eninzi namhlanje ihlawulwe kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokuhambelana nophuhliso lwendawo yokuhlala. Amaxesha xa ukwakhiwa ngokungahambi kakuhle kwenziwa kuyo yonke indawo, xa iprojekthi yesakhiwo ingahambelani nabasemagunyeni kwangaphambili, iphela ngokudlulayo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukubonakala kwezixeko kwakunyamekelwa nguRhulumente waseRashiya. Konke oku akuyona ingozi. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimihlaba, kunye nokubonakala kwenkcubeko, izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kufuneka zakhiwe ngesitayela esisodwa. Ndifuna ukukholelwa ukuba kungekudala abasemagunyeni baya kuthatha ifa lemveli yelizwe. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, inani elikhulu lezindlu zendlu, iindawo ezindala kunye neepaki ziye zonakalisa, ezininzi zazo zachithwa okanye zachithwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zorhwebo. EMoscow yedwa, unokukwazi ukubala ezininzi ezinjalo, ngokunyanzelisa ukuba abahlali bahambe kwiingqungquthela zokubhikisha. Ngelishwa, ininzi yabo ayizange iphele nantoni na. Kwaye mangaphi amabali kulo lonke ilizwe!

Siyathemba ukuba abaphumeleleyo beqonga kwicandelo ngalinye baya kuba baninzi ngonyaka.