Umyinge wonyaka wabemi. Ifom yobhaliso

Izibalo zinceda abaphandi bahlole iinkqubo ezenzeka kwinkqubo. Imiba eyahlukileyo ingabalwa, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi ezifanayo. Ubemi kunye neenkqubo eziqhutyelwa kwintlalo yoluntu zifundwa ngamanani ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko, oku kubonakalisa izinga lehlabathi elikhoyo elikhoyo.

Umyinge wonyaka wonyaka uthathe inxaxheba kwizifundo ezininzi zezoqoqosho kwizinga eliphezulu. Ngako oko, le nxalenye ebalulekileyo yedatha ihlolwe rhoqo, ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwenziwa. Ukubaluleka kwesalathisi, kwakunye neendlela zokwenza uhlalutyo, kucingwa kwinqaku.

Lwabantu

Ukuze sikwazi ukugqiba umyinge wesigodi sabantu besixeko, isithili okanye ilizwe, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ingundoqo yesifundo sophando. Isimo sabantu singabonwa kwii-angles ezahlukeneyo.

Inani labantu lilonke inani labantu abahlala kwimida ethile kwintsimi ethile. Ukuhlalutya imeko yesimo sabantu, esi sibonakaliso sithathwa ngokungqinelana nokuzala (ukuzala nokufa) nokufuduka. Hlola kwakhona isakhiwo sabemi (ngobudala, ngokwesini, kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho kunye noluntu, njl.). Kwakhona, iinkcukacha malunga nokuhlaziywa kwamanani zibonisa indlela ukuhlaliswa kwabantu kwintsimi kushintshile.

Uluntu luqhutyelwa zibalo ngokusebenzisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo nezodwa. Oku kusivumela ukuba senze izigqibo ezipheleleyo, ezinzulu malunga nokuphuhliswa kwezikhombisi zendawo.

Izikhokelo zokuhlalutya

Umyinge wesantya wonyaka uqikelelwa usebenzisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo zeqela, ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yohlalutyo. Umfanekiso wendawo oye waphucula ngexesha elithile kwintsimi ethile unokuqwalaselwa ngokwemigqaliselo yenani labantu.

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni ezo zitshintsho okanye ezinye iinguqu zenzeke, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya intshukumo yendalo, ukufuduka kwabantu. Ukwenza oku, idatha echaphazelekayo ibandakanyeka kuhlalutyo. Ukuba neengcamango ngokupheleleyo zeqela labantu, ukubunjwa kwebonke inani labantu, bahlelwa ngokwemiqathango ethile.

Ngokomzekelo, uphando lubonisa ukuba mangaphi amabhinqa namadoda ahlala kwintsimi ethile, ukuba bangakanani ubudala, bangaphi abantu abavela kubantu abanamabanga abaneemfundo, eliphezulu lemfundo.

Ifom yobhaliso

Ukwenza ingxelo malunga nabemi, iifomula ezahlukeneyo zisetyenzisiweyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukubalwa kunzima ngokuqokelela kwedatha ixesha eliqela. Ukuba kukho ulwazi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwexesha, inani labantu abemi (umlinganiselo) lendlela lulandelayo:

CHNreds. = (NN.n. + NN.c.) / 2, apho uNNsred. - Umyinge wabemi, iNN.n. - inani labemi ekuqaleni kwexesha, i-CZK. - inombolo ekupheleni kwexesha.

Ukuba iifomati ziqokelelwe inyanga nganye yexesha lokufunda, i-formula iya kuba yile:

CHNreds. = (0,5 КН1 + ЧН2 ... ЧНп-1 + 0,5 КНН) (п-1), apho ЧН1, ЧН2 ... ЧНп-1 - inani labemi ekuqaleni kwenyanga, п - inani leenyanga.

Idatha yokuhlalutya

Umyinge wesigodi sonyaka, umhlathi owenziwe ngasentla, uthatha inani leenkcukacha zokubala. Kubalulekile ukubala inani labantu abahlala kule ntsimi (MP). Iquka inani langempela labantu abahlala kwindawo yokufunda (NN).

Ukongeza kwesi sixalathisi, ukwenzela ukuba ufunde i-demographic state yelizwe, uluhlu lwabantu abemi bexeshana (EP) luqwalaselwa. Kwakhona abantu abangekho okwesikhashana (VO) bathathe inxaxheba ekubaleni. Kule nani kuphela elikhutshwayo kwixabiso elipheleleyo. Ifom yomntu ohlala kuyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

ПН = НН + ВП - ВО.

Ukwahlula phakathi kwenkcazo ye-EP kunye ne-LV, qwalasela ixesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukuba iqela labantu lihlala kwindawo yokufunda kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu, zithunyelwa ngemali, kwaye zingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu-ukuya kubemi besikhashana.

Kubalo lwabantu

Inombolo yonyaka yesibalo sabantu abahlala kuyo ibalwa ngesiseko sedatha yoluntu. Kodwa le nkqubo idinga ixesha elide, umgudu nemali. Ngako oko, akunakwenzeka ukuba kubalwe ubalo lwawo nyanga zonke okanye nangonyaka.

Ngoko ke, kwixesha eliphakathi kokuhlaziywa kwenani labantu kwintsimi ethile, isetyenzisiweyo sokubala isetyenziswe. Baqokelela ulwazi lweenkcukacha ngokuzalwa nokufa, ukunyakaza kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, impazamo ethile kwiimpawu ziqokelela.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kuchaneke ngokuchanekileyo umyinge wesigodi samanani, kusekho imfuneko yokuqhuba ubalo lwabafundi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yokuhlalutya

Ukubalwa komyinge wesigodi wonyaka kwenziwa ngenjongo yophando olongezelelweyo lweenkqubo zomntu. Isiphumo sohlalutyo sisetyenziswe ekubaleni kokufa nokukhula kwezityalo, ukuveliswa kwemvelo. Zibalwe kumxholo weqela ngalinye leminyaka.

Kwakhona, umyinge wendawo usebenza xa uhlola inani labantu abanomdla kunye noluntu olusebenzayo. Ngelo xesha, isethi yabantu abashiye okanye bafika kwintsimi yelizwe okanye ummandla ngokufuduka kunokuqwalaselwa. Oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya amandla abo bonke abasebenzi abagxilwe apha.

Ukunikezelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi kubalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni uphuhliso loqoqosho. Ngako oko, ukubaluleka kokubala inani labantu kunzima ukugqithisa.

Inkqubela yemvelo yabemi

Umyinge wesigodi samanani, umlinganiselo wokubala oye waxoxwa ngasentla, ubandakanyeka ekuhlolweni kweenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo zabantu. Enye yazo yintlangano yendalo yabemi. Kungenxa yeenkqubo zendalo zokuzala kunye nokufa.

Ngethuba lonyaka, inani eliphakathi labantu landa ngeenani zintsana kwaye linciphisa inani labantu abafa. Le ndlela yendalo yobomi. Ngokumalunga nomyinge wabemi, ii-coefficients of motion of nature zifumaneka. Ukuba izinga lokuzalwa lidlula izinga lokufa, kukho ukwanda (kunye nenye indlela).

Kwakhona, xa kuqhutywe olu hlalutyo, uluntu luye lwaphulwa phantsi kwiintlobo zeminyaka. Ngoko ke kunqunywe kwiqela apho kukho izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukufikelela kwisigqibo malunga nomgangatho wokuhlala kwintsimi ekufundweni, kunye nokukhuseleko loluntu kubemi.

Ukufuduka

Isibonakaliso senani labemi siyakwazi ukuhluka nje ngenxa yeenkqubo zendalo. Abantu bahamba baye emsebenzini okanye, ngokuchasene noko, beza kusebenza. Ukuba ngaba abafudukayo okanye abakhoyo kwizinto eziphandiweyo kwiinyanga ezili-6, oku kuthethwa ngqalelo ekuhlaleni.

Ukufuduka okubalulekileyo kokuchaphazeleka kuchaphazela uqoqosho. Iimarike zengqesho zihluka kunye kokuhla kwehla kunye nokwanda kwenani labahlali abanempilo.

Umyinge wonyaka wonyaka uza kunceda ukufumana zombini ukukhula kunye nokunciphisa ukunikezelwa kwabasebenzi kulo mmandla. Ukuba ukuhamba okukhulu kwabangeneleli kufika ezweni, izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi liya kuphakama . Ukunciphisa inani labantu abanakho ukukhokelela ekulahlekeni kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukunciphisa amapensheni, imivuzo yoogqirha, ootitshala, njl njl. Ngako oko, ukubeka iliso ukunyakaza kokufuduka, isalathisi sinemfuneko kakhulu.

Umsebenzi wezoqoqosho

Ukongeza kwiinguqu kumlinganiselo wokubala bonke abemi belizwe okanye indawo, uhlalutyo lwezakhiwo luyenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwezinga lemali engenayo, iiklasi ezintathu zoluntu ziyahlukana.

Inani eliqhelekileyo lonyaka labahlali bezoqoqosho lenza ukuba kube lula ukuvavanya amandla okuthenga abemi, umgangatho wabo wokuphila. Emazweni athuthukileyo, ininzi yoluntu lenziwe ngabantu abanemivuzo emyingene. Baya kuthenga ukutya okufunekayo, izinto, ngokukhawuleza benze izinto ezinkulu zokuthenga, ukuhamba.

Kwimihlaba enjalo kukho ipesenti encinci yabantu ababutyebi nabampofu. Ukuba inani labahlali abanemivuzo ephantsi liyakwandisa kakhulu, umthwalo omkhulu wezemali uwela kwibhajethi. Oku kunciphisa izinga elipheleleyo lokuphila.

Zonke iindidi zoluntu olukhutheleyo zimelelwa njengama-coefficients enxulumene nomyinge wonyaka wendawo.

Iitheyibhile ezingenakwenzeka

Ukuchonga inani labantu abemi ngaphandle kokubalwa kwabantu, indlela yokwakha ietafile ezingenakwenzeka. Inyani kukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zeemfuno zabantu ziza kubalwa kwangaphambili. Oku kukho inkxalabo yentlalo yabantu.

Itafile isekelwe kwiingxelo ezininzi. Intshukumo yendalo ingenakuguquka, kuba awukwazi ukufa nokuzalwa kabini. Kanye kuphela xa unokuzala umntwana wokuqala. Uhlobo oluthile lweziganeko luya kuthathwa ingqalelo. Umzekelo, awukwazi ukungena kumtshato wesibini, ukuba awuzange ubhalise kuqala.

Inani labantu lihlulwe ngamaqela eminyaka. Ngamnye kubo amathuba okuba kwenzeke kwesi okanye eso siganeko sihluke. Emva koko, inani labantu kwicandelo ngalinye lihlalutyiweyo.

Xa kudlula ixesha, abantu abanezinga elithile lokuba banokungena kulo okanye lelo qela. Ngoko kuqikelelwe. Ngokomzekelo, elolu hlobo lwabantu abaseminyakeni yobudala baya kuba ngabaxhasi bemali. Ngoko ke, abahlalutyi banokuqikelela ukuba bangaphi abantu abaya kujoyina iqela elilandelayo.

Cwangciso

Ucwangciso kwinqanaba le-macroeconomic alinakwenziwa ngaphandle kwedatha yeenkcukacha. Inani eliqhelekileyo lonyaka labantu abasebenzayo lithathwa ingqalelo xa befunda umgangatho wokuphila, amandla okuthenga, kunye nokuphuhlisa uxwebhu oluphambili lwezoqoqosho lweli lizwe (ibhajethi).

Isixa semali yaso neendleko asikwazi ukuqikelela ngaphandle kokuqwalasela inani kunye nesakhiwo sabemi belizwe. Abantu abaninzi basebenze kwi-non-budgetary field, ephakamileyo kwinqanaba lemali engenayo, enkulu iya kubakho ukunyanzeliswa kwiimali zebhajethi.

Ukuba abahlalutyi banquma ukuhla kwempembelelo yokufaka kwixesha elizayo, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo okuphucula imeko. Urhulumente ngamnye unesisombululo saso semibhobho yokulawula imithombo yoluntu. Ngokudala imisebenzi emitsha, ukulandela umgaqo-nkqubo wezentlalo, ukuphakamisa umgangatho wokuphila kwabantu, kunokwenzeka ukuba ilizwe liphumelele.

Uhlalutyo kunye nokucwangciswa kweemeko zentlupheko zenziwa kunye nesicelo esisigxina samanani anyaka-santlupheko sabantu, kunye namanye ama-coefficients. Ngoko ke, ukwanela kokucwangcisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lixhomekeke ekuchanekeni kokuqokelela idatha kunye nokufunda kwabo.

Ukuqwalasela ingcamango enjalo njengomyinge wesibalo sabantu, umntu unokuqonda ukubaluleka kwesi sikhokelo sokuhlalutya nokucwangcisa macroeconomic. Ubungqina obuninzi belixa elizayo lelizwe, ummandla okanye isixeko sakhiwa emva kokuqokelelwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokucwangciswa kolwazi olufanelekileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo xa uceba isicwangciso-mali kunye neminye yamaphepha ebalulekileyo emali.