IRiphabhlikhi yeKomi: abantu. Inani kunye nomsebenzi wabantu baseKomi

I-Far North ngumhlaba onzima apho abantu abakhethekileyo bahlala khona. Ngaloo ndlela, iRiphabhuliki yaseKomi, abemi bayo baneempawu ezahlukileyo ezibalaseleyo, inomdla ukusuka kwimbono yokudabulisa, i-sociology, ingqondo yengqondo kunye noluntu. Ziziphi izimo zokuphila ezinzima ezichaphazela izikhombisi zezibalo? Makhe sithethe ngabantu baseRiphablikhi kunye neempawu zayo.

Indawo ye Geographical position Komi

Iipropati yeSiphabliki saseKomi, esibhekisele kuyo, esecaleni elisenyakatho yeYurophu inxalenye yaseRashiya. Ukukhululeka kommandla kunqunywe yindawo yalo: inxalenye yemimandla ihlanganisa iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba kwaye apha i-relief relief ibangele, kwaye inxalenye yendawo ihlala emathafeni asentshonalanga yee-Ural Mountains, kwaye nantsi ukukhululeka kuphakamileyo. Ummandla unqamle kwiiphabliki ezimbini ezizimeleyo: Khanty-Mansiysk kunye neYamal-Nenets, kwakunye neendawo ze-Arkhangelsk, iSverdlovsk kunye neKrov kunye ne-Perm esifundeni. Ummandla ucebile kakhulu kwiiminerali: ioli, i-gas, i-bauxite, i-titanium, i-manganese kunye nezinye izinto. I-72% yommandla weRiphabhlikhi yimihlathi, kukho imilambo emininzi ephakamileyo : iPechora, Vychegda, Mezen. Ukongezelela, kukho iikhilomitha ezili-78 zamawaka ahlukeneyo. Phantse i-7% yomhlaba waseKomi uhlala kumanxweme, apho kukho iipasiti ezinkulu ezinkulu. U-Komi ungumda weentombi, apha ziindawo ezininzi ezinokuthi ziyimimangaliso yaseRashiya.

Imozulu kunye nezimo zokuphila

Nangona i-Komi ihambelana neYurophu, imozulu apha ihluke kakhulu kwiimeko zelizwe laseYurophu. Yonke imimandla yaseMpumalanga Ekude ibonakaliswe kwiimeko zokuphila ezinzima, kwaye iKomi ayikho. Ubemi sele bekulwela ukunyamekela, ukunqoba ubunzima obunxulumene nendalo. Imozulu epholileyo yelizwekazi ebanda kakhulu ibonakalisa ubusika obude obude kunye nehlobo elifutshane elipholileyo. Umzantsi kunye nenyakatho yeRiphablikhi sele yichaza ukungafani kwemozulu. Ngoko amanqaku asentla ahlanganiswa lixesha lebusika ukuya kwii-250 iintsuku ngonyaka, eningizimu ngeli xesha alikho iintsuku ezili-180. Kwakhona lo mmahluko ubonakala ngokucacileyo kumashishini atshisayo. Ebusika kusezantsi, ngokwemitha, i-thermometer ibonisa ubuncinane kwi-15, nangasenyakatho-ngaphantsi kwe-22. Ngethuba lokungena emoyeni ukusuka kwi-Arctic ngasentla, i-thermometer ingahla ukuya kuma-degrees ama-45, kwaye ngasentla kuya ngaphantsi kwe-55 nangaphantsi. Ihlobo lommandla lifutshane kakhulu, kwiNyakatho umhlaba awukho ngaphezu kweemitha. Iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo ehlobo lisezantsi +15, kuma-degrees angasenyakatho - +11. KwiRiphabhliki kukho ininzi yemvula, ukuya kuma-700 mm ngonyaka. Ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu, phantse rhoqo kwiindawo, ziintsuku ezimbalwa zelanga. Ubuninzi bobubomi obujongene nabemi bendawo bomoya oqinileyo, malunga neentsuku ezili-120 ngonyaka umoya uphela malunga ne-15 m / s. Ummandla uphakathi kommandla we-polar imini nobusuku. Ukususela ngoDisemba, kwiintsuku ezingama-44 i-Sun ayivuki, kodwa ukususela ngo-Meyi i- polar day begins , xa ingahambi. Izimo ezinzima zokuphila zikwenza nzima ukuba abantu bahlali. Akukho ndlela yokubandakanyeka kwezolimo, ubusuku obumnyama kunye nommandla ophantsi welanga wommandla unempembelelo embi kwi-psyche yabantu.

Ulwahlulo lolawulo

IRiphabliki yaseKomi, abemi bayo bahlala kwiidolophu, ihlulwe kwii-12 zezithili kunye nezixeko ezi-8 eziphantsi ngqo kwiziko le-republic. Isifundo ngasinye sinolawulo lwaso, olujolise ngqo kwiNtloko yeRiphablikhi.

Abemi beKomi: i-dynamics kunye nesimo samanje

Ukuqwalaselwa ngokukodwa kwenani labemi baseKomi kuqale ngo-1926, xa uphuhliso olusenyongweni lwaseNyakatho luqala. Emva koko abantu baseKomi babengabantu abangama-207 lamawaka. Ukususela ngo-1928, inani labahlali liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, ngo-1959 kwakukho abantu abayi-815,000 abahlala apha, kwaye ngo-1989-1.2 yezigidi zabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqala kwe-perestroika, ukuphuma kwenani labantu kunye nokuhla kwamanani abantu kuqala. Oku kubangelwa kukuba urhulumente uye wanciphisa umlinganiselo wenkxaso yezenhlalakahle nakwezemali kulo mmandla, apho abantu bezenzo zabo baziphendulele ngokukhawuleza. Kunyaka ngamnye, inani labahlali belo mmandla liyancitshiswa ngamashumi amabini abantu. Namhlanje abantu abangama-856 bahlala apha.

Ukunyaniseka nokusabalaliswa kwabantu

I-Komi yindawo engaphandle kwenkangala ebinabantu abanama-2.06 abantu kwi-sq. Km. Km. Inkonzo yabasebenzi be-Komi, ukubeka iliso kwimeko kwiphablikhi, ibonisa ukuba i-78% yabemi ikhetha ukuhlala kwiidolophu. Ezi zixeko ezikhulu ziyi: Syktyvkar (abantu abangama-243waka), i-Ukhta (abantu abayi-98 amawaka), iVorkuta (abantu abangamawaka ama-58), iPechora (abantu abangamawaka ama-40), u-Usinsk (abantu abayi-39 000). Idolophu encinci ngu-Ust-kul (abantu abayi-5 amawaka). Izibalo zibonisa ukuba inkunzi yiyo kuphela ukuhlaliswa kunye nenani lezinto ezintle. Abantu bakhetha ukuhlala kwisixeko esikhulu, kwaye kukho ukuhamba kwabantu abavela kwiidolophana kunye needolophu ezincinane ukuya eSytyvkar.

Iimpawu zoluntu

Ngobuzwe, abantu baseKomi bahluke kakhulu. Phantse i-65% yabemi bazibona njengeRussia, i-24% - i-Komi, i-4% -i-Ukrainians, i-Tatars-1.2%. Amaqela asele asele ayenzi ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabemi. Inani labasetyhini kwimimandla liphezulu kakhulu kunamadoda, kuwo onke amadoda ayi-1000 anamawaka angama-1106. Umyinge weminyaka yobuhlali baseKomi uneminyaka engama-34.5. Umyinge wexesha lokuphila lobomi liyiminyaka engama-69, ephantsi kancinane kunomyinge wesizwe. Izalathisi zemihla yoluntu kwimimandla ayilunganga: izinga lokuzalwa lincinci, kodwa ukukhula, ukufa kufana nokuwa. Kodwa nangona kubakho ukukhula kwendalo kubemi (1.3%), inani labantu liyancipha ngenxa yokufuduka kwangaphandle. Uluntu luhamba ngokukhawuleza, kodwa lushiya iKomi, kwaye oku kubangela iingxaki zezoqoqosho kuloo mmandla.

Uqoqosho lo mmandla

Ubume boqoqosho lwe-Komi kukuba amaqumrhu ahamba phambili emveliso yinkampani eneziqhamo. Abahlawuli berhafu abakhulu kunye nabaqeshi ziinkampani zenkcitho kunye nokuthutha kwegesi, amalahle kunye neoli. Ukuzinza kweRiphabhliki kunikezelwa ngamashishini afana ne-pulp kunye neepilisi zamatye, ama-business processing processing. Ukongezelela, ukuqeshwa kwabemi baseKomi kunikezelwa ngamashishini asekuhlaleni nakwiinkonzo. I-GDP nganye ngama-ruble angama-490 ngonyaka, eyona nqanaba eliphezulu laseRashiya.

Ukuqeshwa kwabemi

Isiko seNgqesho seRiphabliki yaseKomi sibhale ukwehla kwenani labantu abandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokuvelisa ukususela ngo-2009. Isingeniso sokungabikho kwemisebenzi sihlala kwisibalo se-9%, eninzi nemilinganiselo yaseRashiya. Ingxaki yokungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabasetyhini kunzima, ekubeni uqoqosho lwengingqi luhlinzeka ngokuqeshwa kwabasemsebenzini. Ngoko ke, abantu abaneemfundo ephakamileyo bahlala bengasebenzi kuloo mmandla.

Ingakumbi kakhulu yinkathazo yengqesho yabasetyhini phakathi kweminyaka engama-25 ukuya kuma-50, ngenxa yokuba akukho zithuba, nokuba zizodwa zokusebenza. Konke oku kukukhokelela ekuphumeni kokuphuma kwabahlali. Inkoliso yabantu abatsha abafumana ikhefu lemfundo, kuba abanakufumana indawo yokusebenzela.