Yintoni i-oli rig? Sebenza kwiingxowa zeoli

Iifolisi (ukubola) iinqaba zakhiwo ziyinxalenye yezikhululo zokuloba. Zihlukaniswe zibe yinqanaba kunye nenqaba kwaye zisetyenziselwa:

• I-SPO (ukutshintsha umsebenzi);
• Inkxaso (kumgca wesiseko) yomtya wokubetha ngexesha lokuganda;
• Ukubekwa kweepayipi zokugquma ezikhishwe emthonjeni;
• Indawo yolawulo lwenkqubo;
• Ukuthunyelwa kweendlela ze-ACS kunye ne-TSA, iipulatifomu: ukusebenza, ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo;
• Indawo yokuqhubela phambili.

Ama-rigs aseRussia akhiwe ngokukodwa kwiinqanawa zaseKaliningrad, eSeverodvinsk, Vyborg naseAstrakhan. Zonke izixhobo zokugaya ziyinkimbinkimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezenzelwe ukubetha nayiphi na imithombo, kokubili kumhlaba naselwandle.

Iinqwelo zokuqala zeoli eRashiya zakhiwe kwiKuban. Kwaye omnye wabo wanika umthombo weoli, owavumela ukuvelisa ngaphezu kweetoni ezili-190 ngosuku.

Iintlobo zokumba

Ukupaka idibene ikwahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo: izitenki ezinqamlekileyo kunye nokuloba. Ukubhoba okuhambayo kuyindlela elawulwa ngongqinileyo yokubeka iinkcukacha zonxibelelwano phantsi komhlaba ngoncedo lweergs ezizodwa. Imithombo yokuqhuba iyinkqubo yokumbiwa kwemigodi emikhulu neyincinci. Umgca ubizwa ngokuba ubuso, kwaye umphezulu ngumlomo.

Ikholam yokuPhonsa

Ikholam yokubumba iyingxenye eyintloko yokwakhiwa kwe-oli rig. Ikholam iqukethe:

• Iphezulu kunye nezantsi ngaphantsi kwepayipi ekhokelayo;
• Umbhobho ohamba phambili;
• I-sub-conductor ekhuselekileyo yombhobho ohamba phambili;
• Ukukhupha izambatho;
• Phonsa ingono;
• Ukuqhuba ipayipi;
• UMkhuseli;
• Icandelo elincinane kwi-UBT;
• Ngokuthe ngqo yi-UBT;
• I centralizer;
• I-Bit damper.

Umtya wokubetha ngokwawo ngumhlangano weemitha zokuzula ezikhethekileyo ezisehla emthonjeni. Iibhobho zijoliswe ekunikezeni amandla oomatshini kunye nemigudu yamanzi ngokuthe ngqo kwi-bit ukwenzela ukudala umthwalo ofanelekileyo kuwo nokulawula umzila wequla.

Imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa

I-oli rig yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Utshintshe ukujikeleza phakathi kwe-rotor kunye ne-chisel;
• Ukubona ixesha elichanekileyo kwiinjinjini zokubulala;
• Unika i-arhente yokuhlamba phantsi;
• Uzisa amandla (i-hydraulic) kwinjinjini kunye nentsimbi;
• Icinezela i-chisel emadwaleni ngoncedo lobunzima;
• Unika indawo ye-injini kunye nendawo ngokuyithumela ebusweni;
• Ivumela ukuqhuba umsebenzi okhethekileyo kunye noxinzelelo kwiqula ngokwalo.

Umsebenzi we-oli rig

Iinqwelo zeoli zenzelwe ukunciphisa nokuphakamisa umtya wokuloba emthonjeni. Ngexesha elinye inqaba ivumela ukuxhaswa kwisisindo. Ekubeni ubuninzi bezinto ezinjalo ezixhasayo yi-multitone, izixhobo ezizodwa zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umthwalo. Isixhobo sokuphakamisa - esinye sezixhobo eziphambili zaso nasiphi na isigxobo sokuganda.

Kwakhona, i-oli rig yenza ezinye iindidi zemisebenzi: ibeka inkqubo yeendlela, imipayipi yokugaya kunye nezinye izixhobo kumtya wokuqhuma. Xa inqaba isebenza, ingozi enkulu yile ntshabalalo epheleleyo okanye ekhethiweyo yenqaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isizathu esona sisisombululo esaneleyo sesakhiwo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Phantsi uze uphakamise iikholeji zokuloba ngamanye amaxesha. Le mi sebenzi ichanekile kwaye ihambelana. Umthwalo kwi-winch uhamba ngebhayisiki. Xa kukho ukunyuka, amandla okuloba aphuma kwi-injini ukuya kwi-winch, ngelixa uhla - ngokuchaseneyo. Ukuze usebenzise amandla amakhulu, iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwejubane ezininzi. Xa kuqhutywe kwaye emva kokugqitywa kwayo, ikhandlela ziphakama ngokungqongqo kwisantya sokuqala.

Iintlobo zokuloba

Iinqwelo ze-oyile zihlukaniswe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphakama, ukwakhiwa kunye nezakhono zokuphatha. Ukongezelela kwiinqaba zeesitrasi uhlobo, inqaba iyasetyenziswa, ukuqokelela ukusuka phezulu phezulu. Ngaphambi kwendibano, i-hoist ifakwe kwisiseko senqaba. Emva kokufakela okupheleleyo, iyaqhekeka.

Ukwakha

Xa ufaka i-oli rig, ihlala iqhutywe i-erection eduze kwayo kunye nezakhiwo zesiko, njengale:

• Nciphisa;
• Ukuphala kwamanzi;
• Ukufumana ibhuloho (echaziweyo okanye engezantsi);
• Inkqubo yo kucocwa kweDwala;
• Iindawo zokugcina izixhobo ezininzi kunye neekhemikhali;
• Izibonelelo ezincedisayo ngexesha lokupaka (iipulatifti zenguqu zoluhlu, njl);
• Izinto zezindlu (igumbi lokudlela, iiborori, njl.);
• Inkqubo yokuhamba;
• Winches;
• Izixhobo zokungagqithisi kunye nokuqhawula i-BT.

Amafutha e-offshore

Ukusuka kwinqaba yokuloba, elisehlabathini, ulwandle luyabonakala ngokufumaneka kwamanzi phakathi kwe-rig yokugaya kunye nentloko. Kukho iindlela eziliqela zokubamba kwindawo yamanzi:

• Ukusuka kwiipulatifomu ezisemgangathweni;
• Ukususela kwiipulatifomu ezisemaphandleni;
• Ukusuka ekuqhubizeni i-jack-up rigs;
• Ukusuka ekubanjeni ukufakela ukufakwa kweempahla ezingenakubalwa;
• Ngeempahla zokuloba.

Iinqwelo zesoyile elwandle yiplati, isiseko saso sihlala phantsi, kwaye yona iphakame ngaphezu kolwandle. Emva kokuphela komsebenzi, iqonga lihlala likhona. Ngoko ke, iqonga lokuhlukanisa amanzi linikezelwa ukuba lihlukanise umthombo kumanzi kwaye lidibanisa i-estuary kunye neqonga lomdlalo. Izixhobo zentloko zifakwe kuma-SME.

Ukuze kulungiswe iqonga elisempilweni, kusetshenziselwa izikebhe ezinhlanu, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimikhumbi encedisayo (i-escorts, i-tractors, njl.). Isiseko sezityalo zasemanzini sisiseko esenziwe ngensimbi kunye nekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo. I-ir rig i-oyile yakhiwe kwiindawo eziphantsi kunye neengqungquthela zithunyelwa kwindawo efunwayo. Kujoliswe kubini ukuloba nokugcinwa kunye nokuveliswa kweoli ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe. Ngaba ubunzima obukhulu, ngoko ke izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zokuzibamba endaweni ayifunwa.

Isityalo esizikhuphayo sinobuhle obuhle. Ifakwe kwizantsi ngeendlela zokuphakamisa ukuphakama okungenakufikeleleka kwamaza. Emva kokuphela kokusebenza, imicu yokukhangela kunye namadriddo asetyenziswa.

Ukufakwa kwamanzi angenamanzi aqukethe i-platform eneempahla kunye neeponto ezixhunywe ngamakholomu. Iiponto zizalise amanzi kwaye zidibanise iqonga elisezantsi.

Iinqununu eziziphakamisayo zinobuhle obuhle kunye nomzimba omkhulu, obonelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nezixhobo ezifakwe kuzo. Kwinqanaba elimiselweyo, ziyancitshiswa ezantsi kwaye zixubene emhlabathini.

Indlela yokwenza i-oli rig kwaye yenziwe ntoni?

Ukurhweba iirgigi zenziwa kwiiprojekthi ezenziwe ngeprojekthi okanye iipilisi ze-compressor ezichithwe. Ziyakhiwa ukuya kwii-28 zamitha eziphakamileyo, kwaye amandla abo okuphatha afikelela kuma-tani angama-75. Iinqaba eziphakamileyo zilungeleka, njengoko ukunyuka nokuphuma kungenakwenziwa kuphela ngama-singles, kodwa kunye namadolo, eqhuba ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi.

Umgama phakathi kwemilenze engaphantsi kwinqaba kunye nenxalenye ephezulu malunga ne-8 mitha. Ukuba lo mthombo awukho mva, kuya kufuneka. Iinqaba kunye neemasti ziphakanyiswe kwisiseko esiqinileyo, esongezwayo ngaphezu koko ngoncedo lweentambo zensimbi ezixhaswe kuma-anchors.

Kwiindonga, iibhloko zithsaba zifakiwe, apho inkqubo yokuhamba kunye nenkokhelo yokuphakanyiswa ikhona. Ukusebenza kwiimbogi zeoli kuyabandakanya ukufakwa kwezitebhisi, eziphakanyiselwe abasebenzi. Zenziwe zetsimbi okanye ukhuni.