Yiyiphi umbala isibhakabhaka? Kutheni siluhlaza ukusuka kwindawo imbono ye physics?

Thina sonke baqhele, ukuba umbala esibhakabhakeni - iimpawu ezingazinzanga. Nenkungu, amafu, ixesha lemini - zonke zichaphazela umbala sithe zinzi phezu kweentloko zabo. utshintsho yosuku ayiyi kuba nkulu iingqondo abaninzi abadala akunakuthethwa malunga nabantwana. Basoloko unomdla ukwazi ukuba kutheni isibhakabhaka siluhlaza ngokwemiqathango physics okanye imibala ebomvu kwelanga. Makhe sizame ukuqonda ezi hayi mibuzo kakhulu elula.

ziyatshintsheka

Kufuneka uqale ngokuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni, ngokuchanekileyo, yinto esibhakabhakeni. Mandulo, kwabonwa njengento isigubungelo wokwenene agubungele umhlaba. Namhlanje, Noko ke, akakho umntu owaziyo ukuba naliphi na ukuphakama okanye wavuka uphando ukwazi ukuphumeza le amajukujuku ayikwazanga. Sky - akukho nto, kodwa kunoko imbono evulayo xa usibona phezu umhlaba, kukho ukubonakala ethile, ephothiweyo ukukhanya. Ukuba ubukela kwiikona ezahlukeneyo, oko unokukhangela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa loo moya, ukuba angalandeli emafini, kuvula jonga eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngaphezu emhlabeni ngeli xesha.

Ecacileyo esibhakabhakeni - emsi, kodwa kubalulekile unyuka emafini - kwaye iba mpunga, leaden okanye off-ezimhlophe. Night esibhakabhakeni - amnyama, maxa wambi kunokuthi kubonwe amabala bubomvu. Oku ku vangama ka ukulayita komzi. Unobangela zonke ezi utshintsho - ukukhanya kunye nentsebenziswano yawo kunye nomoya kunye amasuntswana kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kulo.

imibala Nature

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo wokuba kutheni isibhakabhaka siluhlaza ukusuka kwindawo umbono yemvelo, simele sikhumbule ukuba umbala. Yeyona nokulatyuza obude ethile. Ukukhanya ilanga ukuya Umhlaba, lubonwa njengento emhlophe. Ukususela experiments Newton kuyaziwa ukuba ukukhanya emhlophe i inyanda reyi ezisixhenxe: bomvu, orenji, omthubi, oluhlaza, umbala oluhlaza, nemisonto emsi nemfusa nebomvu. Imibala ezi yamaza ezahlukeneyo. Red naorenji kwamaza lufaka onomtsalane kule parameter. Colors isabelo blue-uhlaza spectrum iphawulwa kwamaza elifutshane. Yokubola spectrum ukukhanya kwenzeka phezu zicinywe iimolekyuli zawo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, apho kukho inxalenye Amaza wendele, yaye inxalenye - dissipated.

Uphando oonobangela

Izazinzulu ezininzi ziye bazama ukuba bachaze ukuba kutheni isibhakabhaka siluhlaza, ukususela kwinqanaba imbono ye physics. Bonke abaphandi wafuna ukufumana isenzeko okanye inkqubo ojikeleze umhlaba kaThixo phezu kwakhe ukukhanya ngendlela yokuba ngenxa siphela oluhlaza. Umviwa yokuqala indima ezi amasuntswana ibe molecule ozone kunye namanzi. Kukholelwa ukuba ukufunxa ukukhanya elibomvu adlulisele oluhlaza, yaye ngenxa yoko sibona isibhakabhaka siluhlaza. izibalo elandelayo, kunjalo, zibonise ukuba imali Kwezinto Eziphelisa iimolekyuli ziikristale ice kunye nomphunga wamanzi kwi-atmosfere Ayanelanga into yokunika isibhakabhaka umbala oluhlaza.

nokungcoliswa

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo uphando John Tindall uye wacebisa ukuba indima edlalwe yi uthuli kwisuntswana efunekayo. ukukhanya iblue luvukelo okukhulu eziziintsali, ngoko uyakwazi kucanda phakathi kwayo yonke esicwangciswe nokunye kwamaqondo eparticulate uthuli kunye. Tyndall waqhuba umfuniselo ukuqinisekisa ngombono wakhe. Yena wadala imodeli kwilebhu nomsi ezikhanyayo kuyo ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo emhlophe. Lo mxube uye wafumana i nombala oluhlaza. Izazinzulu ziye zenza kwisigqibo ngokucacileyo kuphando: umbala isibhakabhaka ixhomekeke amasuntswana nothuli, oko kukuthi, ukuba umoya ococekileyo Umhlaba, ke ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni eziluhlaza namhlophe phezu kweentloko zabantu.

Nkosi Investigation

Ingongoma sokugqibela umbuzo kutheni isibhakabhaka siluhlaza (ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa physics), ubeke British Isazinzulu iNkosi Rayleigh AD. Ungqinile ukuba akukho uthuli okanye kwenkungu edibene nomsi, amabala headroom kwi kusenokuthetha eqhelekileyo. Lo mba emoyeni. I zegesi ukufunxa ezininzi kokukhanya kwindawo yokuqala ngamaza inde, ilingana ebomvu. Ngaloo ndlela Blue dissipated. Loo nto namhlanje ichaza isizathu sokuba umbala esibhakabhakeni sibona kwimozulu ngokucacileyo.

Abantu elibukhali uya kuphawula ukuba, emva anengqondo izazinzulu, sithe zinzi phezu kwentloko kufuneka purple kuba lo mbala ngamaza mfutshane kuluhlu ebonakalayo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi impazamo: nesabelo nemfusa ku ezahlukene ezincinci kakhulu ngaphezu emsi iliso womntu sensitive ngakumbi kule yokugqibela. Enyanisweni, ukuba sibona blue - isiphumo wokuxuba ngemisonto ngezimfusa kunye nezinye imibala.

Kwelanga kunye namafu

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngamaxesha angafaniyo uyakwazi ukubona imibala eyahlukileyo zezulu. Photo of a kwelanga elihle phezu kolwandle okanye ichibi - umzekeliso ogqibeleleyo oku. shades Ezahlukeneyo ebomvu natyheli edibene blue eluhlaza kumnyama ukwenza intlekisa enjalo alibaleke. Kwaye ucaciswe ukusasazeka efanayo ukukhanya. Inyaniso kukuba ngexesha ngongcwalazi kunye isifingo imitha yelanga kufuneka ahambe indlela elide kudlule emkhathini ngaphezu phakathi kwemini. Inxalenye ukukhanya blue-uhlaza spectrum saa kumacala ahlukeneyo, namafu ibekwe kumgca we kolundi, anemibala zibe nombala obomvu.

Xa amafu esibhakabhakeni engqingqwa utshintsho umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo. imitha yelanga asikwazi ukoyisa umaleko zamahlathi, kwaye uninzi lwazo nje musani ukufikelela emhlabeni. Rays wakwazi kucanda phakathi kwamafu, ukuhlangabezana phantsi amathontsi amanzi emvula kunye amafu, ezenza kwakhona buyayigqwetha ukukhanya. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi utshintshwano zomhlaba kufika ukukhanya emhlophe, ukuba amafu mincinane ngobukhulu, futhi grey xa amafu izulu lavalwa yayintle, i okubamba inxalenye yesibini ray.

enye izulu

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, eminye imihlaba yenkqubo elanga njengoko kubonakala ukusuka kumphezulu, uyakwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka, eyahlukileyo lukhulu Yomhlaba. Kwi sithuba izinto emoyeni abasweleyo, imitha yelanga ukufikelela umphezulu ngokukhululekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, esibhakabhakeni apha omnyama, ngaphandle nantoni na eziyiyo. Lo mfanekiso kungabonwa eNyangeni, Mercury kunye iPluto.

esibhakabhakeni Mars abe nombala obomvu-orenji. Isizathu soku lilele eluthulini, uzele umoya ehlabathini. Oku zipeyintwe shades ezahlukeneyo bomvu naorenji. Xa ilanga liphuma ngaphezu kolundi, esibhakabhakeni Mars uba bomvu-ezibomvu, yaye inxalenye IiCD yayo nangoko kwayijikeleza ukukhanya, kubonakala oluhlaza, okanye emfusa.

Esibhakabhakeni phezulu uSaturn umbala enye on Earth. It uthatha ngaphezu Uranus isibhakabhaka aquamarine. Isizathu siyifumana inkungu methane imi eliphezulu iimaleko emoyeni le planethi.

Venus emehlweni abaphandi efihla umaleko oxineneyo ngamafu. Akasivumeli ukuba ukufikelela kumphezulu kwimitha umhlaba of spectrum eluhlaza-eluhlaza, ngoko isibhakabhaka yellow--orenji kunye umvumbo gray ecaleni kolundi.

Uphononongo imini headroom utyhila akukho nezimanga ngaphantsi kwe isifundo bezulu. Ukuqonda iinkqubo ezenzeka emafini, yaye emva kwabo, ukunceda ukuba baqonde ingunobangela kunokuba eziqhelekileyo kwi nje ezo zinto, nangona kunjalo, ukuba achaze move akakwazi wonke.