Yoshkar-Ola: iindawo ezinika, iifoto kunye nohlolo

"Red City" - ngoko kuthetha igama ku Mari Mari El eyinkunzi. Bonke abo bafumana ithuba eze apha kutshanje, akazange ukufihla wothuka yakhe kugxile phezu kwabo Yoshkar-Ola. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo apha engaqhelekanga ngenene, uninzi lwabo yabonakala kutshanje.

ukusuka kwixesha elidlulileyo

Imbali Yoshkar-Ola waqala ngelo xesha kude xa umhlaba Mari iye yafakwa eRashiya emva kokoyiswa i Kazan Khanate umkhosi Ivana Groznogo ngenkulungwane ye-16. Tsarev isixeko phezu komlambo Kokshaga okanye Tsarevokokshaisk, kuqala okhankanywe yemihla 1584, nangona nezityholo zakudala, kubantu Mesolithic sele belimiwe ilizwe.

City baqalisa yinqaba eyakhelwe ukukhusela ilizwe yaye kwenziwa kuphela umsebenzi emkhosini. Aphethwe irhuluneli inqaba, endihleli ngezandla baba kuphela mandla zomkhosi kodwa zolawulo, yezemali kunye eyenkundla. Ngokuthe ngcembe oko yaqala ukuvela abarhwebi, amagcisa, abalimi, ngubani na ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlala kwisixeko awuthimba umhlaba ngeenxa zonke. Le indlela abantu bomzi, iindawo zokuhlala kunye needolophana.

ixesha lethu

Modern Yoshkar-Ola kwasekwa kwisithuba ukususela 1941 ukuya 1990 kwaye iyaqhubeka kwakhiwa namhlanje. Ingakumbi zatshintsha imbonakalo yayo kule minyaka-10 edlulileyo, emva kokuba i "Capital" kule nkqubo yagunyaziswa yi esixekweni.

Updated umzi kunye elidlulileyo etyebileyo kunye neziko enkulu inkcubeko Finno-Ugric izizwe - oku kubonakala kuthi mihla Yoshkar-Ola. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ukuba uqinisekile ukuba kubonwe - kwamasiko, zembali kunye ezikhumbuzo zokwakha, ebonisa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ekhula ngayo kwingingqi. Phakathi kwezi zindlu ubudala, iicawa, izakhiwo zembali, izikwere, eqingqiweyo ezininzi. Indima ebalulekileyo kubomi benkcubeko ikomkhulu aseMari El badlala zemidlalo iimyuziyam.

theater

ubomi ubunzima wokubonelwa of Yoshkar-Ola thaca zonke iintlobo ezaziwa zobugcisa kumabala emidlalo.

Ngowe-1968, ngenxa ukuguquka le Drama odityanisiweyo Theatre. Mayorov-Shketan Umculo and Drama Theatre yasekwa. Ngo-1994 kwathiwa igama. Ngoko kwakukho Mari State Opera kunye Theatre Ballet. Eric Sapaev, ogama Mari eSoviet Umqambi, umbhali we-opera lokuqala wesizwe. Isiseko nokubunjwa kwayo abafundi abagqibileyo izikolo choreographic kunye conservatories e Moscow, iLeningrad, Kazan, Perm, Gorky. Ngoko theatre abatsha kunye yesikolo eyenza yesizwe baqalisa ukubunjwa. Eqongeni kwalo Wanikelwa imisebenzi malunga 50 Classic owayephila ballet, opera kunye operetta art kunye nemidlalo yabantwana. Namhlanje, yaba nkulu iquka opera yesizwe "Aldiar" E. Arkhipova, "Akpatyr" Sapaev, ballet "Forest ilejendi" umqambi A. Luppova. Ikratshi Theatre - komnyhadala: ballet "I Nutcracker" yaye "Swan Lake" yi Tchaikovsky, "Romeo and Juliet" yi Prokofiev, "Don Quixote" yi Minkus. Kwiminyaka 11 Bekubonela umthendeleko ngamazwe "Winter ebusuku" kunye inxaxheba opera kunye ballet abadanisi Russia, Italy, eJapan, eMelika. Ngowe-2002, baye baqalisa ukwenza kuphela umthendeleko ehlabathini abazahluleleyo ukuya webhaleyi omkhulu Galina Ulanova. Theatre zaboniswa ngempumelelo kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. Oku China, Arab Emirates, eJamani, South Korea, Central America, Taiwan, Lebanon kunye namanye amazwe. Namhlanje, le nkundla lisebenzisa isakhiwo esitsha, eningayakhanga kudala kuye. Ngokusixhobisa kucingwa eyona kummandla iVolga.

Mari National Drama Theatre. Shketan, nto leyo ke sidala kweli lizwe, waqalisa imbali yayo kunye yimveliso engahlawulwayo ngoNovemba 1919. Ukususela ngo-1929, liziko professional yenkcubeko, apho kamva waba ngomnye ezona eRashiya. Theatre libandakanyeka ehlabathini yobomi yeqonga, lo gama kugcinwe bangoobani wesizwe. Iimbasa sele inikezelwe kwi "Golden Palm" - umvuzo Association of zinkundla yaseYurophu.

Xa ikomkhulu Mari El Academic Russian Drama Theatre ogama emva G. Konstantinov, leyo yasekwa ngowe-1919. Kuphuhliso yayo negalelo kubalawuli abaninzi. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu bobabo kumlawuli oyintloko UGrigory Konstantinov, lowo kule ndawo ukususela 1964 ukuya 1994 yenyathelo yakhe 1993 wadalwa-International Association of zemidlalo Russian, ikomkhulu yayo ise-Yoshkar-Ola. NgoSeptemba 1994, le nkundla igama Konstantinov. Kwi nqanaba Russian yeqonga Drama Theatre imisebenzi yamandulo nowangoku. Phakathi zazo ziphambili kubizwa ngokuba "Othello" uShakespeare, "uKumkani Theodore Ioanovich" A. K. Tolstogo, "yentaka icula" Rozov, "Easy Imali" yi Ostrovsky, "AmaFilisti" Gorky, "Isazela," Pavlova.

Ngowe-1991 Yoshkar-Ola, ngokusekelwe Theatre Drama Russian ogama emva Konstantinov, Mari Youth Theatre yavulwa. Ngoku yena yaba nkulu edlalwa-35 isekelwe phezu imisebenzi ezakudala yesizwe, Russian angaphandle kunye nedrama mihla. Kuba lonke ixesha eqongeni ngayo lalibonelelwa ukwenza ngaphezu kwama-80 abantwana kunye nabantu abadala kweli Mari kunye neelwimi Russian. Qembu njalo iya tour liphela eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

olondolozo lwembali

Imbali, inkcubeko, amasiko kunye nobomi babantu Mari iboniswe kule ingqokelela yeemyuziyam kumacala ahlukeneyo Yoshkar-Ola.

Museum zembali wesixeko Yoshkar-Ola na yeengqokelela izinto zakudala, heraldry, ezizwe, imisebenzi emihle yaye isicelo ubugcisa, iifoto. It ligcinwe kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho-ezimbini lwezitena ezibomvu, leyo yakhiwa ngo-1911 kumbindi wesixeko. Le ndlu, ngoku ibhengeze lesikhumbuzo ngaphambil, i kwaye bobugcisa ezinkulu kuzwelonke, yaba odumileyo abarhwebi nabathengisi Timber lendawo Chulkov. zemizi A merchant eyayisakuba iquka isakhiwo ephambili, esingaphandle namasango ngamatye, ezo ezihonjiswe iziqalelo Art Nouveau. Lo mboniso isigxina lizisa imbali Yoshkar-Ola ukusuka Iindwendwe 1584 ukuya 1917. kufunda malunga ngemvelaphi isixeko-inqaba Tsarevo, malunga yakhiwa njani, uphuhliso yayo, ubomi kunye nezithethe zabemi, ziyahlelwa abantu abaziwayo. ixesha ngalinye kukho imiboniso weendawo. Okwangoku, i- Museum of History of umzi ka Yoshkar-Ola yamkele photo mboniso "City kunye nexesha." On iifoto unique ungabona oko Yoshkar-Ola kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. imiboniso bethutyana zibonisa ubomi mzi mihla, yaqalisa kumashishini, imbali esitratweni, abemi zobuchule, izenzo yesisa.

Applied Folk Arts Museum yavulwa iindwendwe ngo-1999, kwisakhiwo ibhengeze zelifa lenkcubeko Republic of Mari El. Le ndlu eyenziwe ngomthi kunye openwork nangokukrola yakhiwa kwinkulungwane yama-20. Phambi kokuba mbuso, osezandleni lendawo ibhunga lesithili Lokhanov ikontraki. Le myuziyam osondeza abantu bezandla, imbali kunye nobomi babantu Mari. Iyonke imali eqokelelweyo malunga 250 imiba, kuquka izinto ngenkcazo, iisampulu arts kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Apha ungabona izinxibo zakwaNtu emfakamfele, ifanitshala eziethe, neenkamba oqingqiweyo, izixhobo zomculo, eyenziwe seengcibi. Museum of Applied Folk Arts cwangcisa kwimithendeleko yaminyaka kunye nemiboniso.

Ngowe-1961, ngenxa isikhumbuzo umqambi wokuqala Russian, owaba ngunozala umculo yobungcali lwesizwe, yavulwa imyuziyam yesikhumbuzo JS Klyuchnikova-Palant. Sikhoyo kwindlu yamaplanga apho umqambi wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela. Lo mboniso ibekwe kumagumbi ezintathu ukusungulwa apho abameli iimpahla ekhaya abaziingqondi yephondo zenkulungwane yama-20. Apha ezigcinwe izinto ezizizo indlu, ifanitshala, yesandla nezinye izinto amalungu osapho Palant. I-museum zinginginya kwemiboniso, nobusuku umculo, izifundo, iintlanganiso kunye abaqambi.

iimyuziyam Art nemiboniso

Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Mari El, eyasekwa ngo-1989, esebenza kumacala eziliqela. Le ibekwe kwisakhiwo lamiswa ngumzobi Vladimir Babenko ngo-1980. Ukongeza imisebenzi Mari emihle nobugcisa isicelo, apha emelwe ngokwenza Russian, ukukrola, imizobo, kwakunye imisebenzi ngamnye ngabapeyinti Western kunye namagcisa graphic. Le myuziyam zinginginya iintetho zoluntu, apho ungafumana siqhelane imbali yezobugcisa, kunye inkcubeko art ehlabathini, imbali, Mari art. imali yaso iiyunithi amawaka ngaphezulu kwe 7. Ukugcinwa. Le myuziyam ibonisa imizobo abaculi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19 (Serov, Shishkin, Makovsky, Yegorov). Kwatsala ingqalelo imisebenzi wesimanje Finno-Ugric art kwi etnosimvolizma uhlobo ethnofuturism. Ezi imifanekiso aseMari amagcisa - A. ivanova, S. Evdokimova, V. Bogolyubov, AI Efimova. Ukongeza umboniso osisigxina kwiMyuziyam ungakwazi ukutyelela imiboniso ukuba zihlaziywa rhoqo.

National Gallery of Art - oku yeyona ndawo mboniso ephambili eyinkunzi. Yasungulwa ngo-2007 isebe Museum of Arts Fine. Igalari ukwakweli yembutho eziphambili Yoshkar-Ola. It has izixhobo ezininzi mihla: ulawulo lwemozulu, video kunye zokulwa umlilo, ukukhanyisa ezizodwa, alarm zokhuseleko, izixhobo ingcaciso mobile. I galari baqhuba umsebenzi mboniso esebenzayo. Iindwendwe simazi umsebenzi Mari kunye namagcisa Russian, ezibonwayo amagcisa republic ye iVolga, ngokunjalo iingqokelela zeemyuziyam Russian. Kukho imiboniso-class ehlabathini. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, igalari abahlali Mari El waba ithuba lokuba babone imisebenzi Edgara dega, Dali, kulya Glazunov, Nikas Safronov, Benua De Stetto. Xa isayithi ye-iimyuziyam inkulu ukuqokelelwa kuboniswe rossiyskiyh: i Tretyakov Gallery, i Zlatoust izixhobo imyuziyam, Amber Museum (Kaliningrad). Le yimpumelelo kakhulu ziye miboniso ilandelayo:

• "Buyela. Ukusuka eYurophu eRashiya, "Benua De Stetto.
• "Imibono Ixesha" - malunga nenkcubeko kummandla Mari.
• Umboniso Personal wegcisa Nikas Safronov.
• Umboniso Photo "Collection yabucala" E. leKrismesi.
• "IGolide kuLwandle lweBaltic" - ukususela uqokelelo Amber Museum e Kaliningrad.

Emva ezisekuqaleni igalari kwisebe virtual babahlali kaRhulumente Russian Museum of Yoshkar-Ola na ekhaya ukuze uqhelane kunye obukhulu kuzo ubugcisa omhle iimyuziyam zinkulu kwikomkhulu wasentla.

ezikhumbuzo zembali yokwakha

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezimbalini, ngokwesiyilo enkcubeko inzuzo, njengoko umthetho, kwingingqi nelembali mzi. Ngelishwa, Yoshkar-Ola wahlala izakhiwo encinane pre-revolution. Phakathi izindlu ezi zabarhwebi:

• indlu Chulkova (kwenkulungwane ye-19), nto leyo likwaneklinkhi i Museum yeembali isixeko Yoshkar-Ola.
• Manor umthengisi Pchelina (ngenkulungwane ye-18).
• House Karelin (kwinkulungwane ye-18).
• House Bulygin (ngenkulungwane ye-19).
• indlu Naumova lihonjisiwe zokuhombisa kunye nezakhiwo somthi (kwinkulungwane 19-20th). Le yenye yezona zakhiwo intle endala esixekweni.

iitempile

Ngelishwa, phantse onke amabandla ngenkulungwane ye-18, ziye zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye kwixesha eSoviet. Namhlanje esi sixeko amabandla, eziye ngokutsha okanye yakhiwe. Phakathi kwabo:

• Trinity Church waba zokuqala zokwakha zamatye kunye enye indala komzi (1736). iimali zokwakha banikwe yomthengisi kunye nabalimi Vishnyakov Osokin. Kwakuyinto yemveli isakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini kuqulethe quadrangle enkulu kunye refectory. Chetverik ebekwe kunye uphahla ezintlanu, ezantsi waba St Nicholas Wena mboni, multi-tiered intsimbi inqaba wema ngokwahlukeneyo. Xa nenani-30 icawa ivaliwe, nenqaba intsimbi kunye kwenqanaba eliphezulu yatshabalala. Yaqala ukuphola iprojekthi entsha ngo-1995 waza wagqitywa kuphela ngo-2008 kwisakhiwo New Iifomu walondoloza uphawu lwezakhiwo ibandla ngenkulungwane ye-18. Waba ngomnye izakhiwo zintle kweso sixeko. Itempile liqhagamshelene intsimbi esebenzisa arch, nemilo yayo engaqhelekanga surmounted ngu uphahla kophahla ezintlanu ngegolide.
• Cathedral ye ukwenyuka owakhelwe yomthengisi Pchelina ngo-1756. Yena waba octagon phezu quadrangle kunye igalari, igumbi lokutyela enkulu kunye intsimbi nenqaba-free emi kwimiqolo. Icawa yavalwa ngo-1937, yatshatyalaliswa ngokuyinxenye, yakhiwe kwakhona, ngoko ke kwakukho utshwala. Ngowe-1992 itempile babuyela amakholwa salungiswa. Ukususela ngo-1993, le yecawa na newonga yecawa.
• Cathedral yoVuko kaKristu kunye ukuhonjiswa kwi Moscow yobuciko ukuba ekuqaleni kwakhiwa 1759. Yaba quadrangle odnosvetny kunye octagons ezimbini, ukuhla ububanzi. Bell inyango kwimiqolo ezine eyakhiwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 nasekuqaleni 19. Refectory kunye ezimbini Izindlwana (Fedora Stratilata kunye Basil) zakhiwa kule kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngowe-1928 ibandla lalivaliwe, engasentla libe intsimbi tower, batshatyalaliswa. Kuphela ngo-1944 esi sakhiwo wabuyela amakholwa, kodwa ngowe-1961 le ndlu yecawa yavalwa kwakhona nangokupheleleyo batshatyalaliswe. Kuphela ngo-2008 ukwakhiwa ibandla omtsha waqalisa, olwaqhubeka kwaze 2010. Updated Kazan Cathedral, zakhiwe indlela ezimbejembeje kwenkulungwane ye-18, oko bamiselwa ngo-2010.

• Church of Kwingcingane ungowokubongwa Virgin uMariya yasekwa ngowe-2005 njengento Orthodox. isakhiwo Style, kufutshane neo-yaseByzantium, yakhiwa ngo-2005-2006.
• Church of Our Lady of Tikhvin yakhiwa ngo-1774 (njengoko neoy, apho kwakukho indlwana of St. George (hayi ugcinwe). Inqaba intsimbi iye ibekwe ngaphezu refectory. Ibandla yavalwa ngo-1929, emva kwayo yakhiwa ngokuyinxenye. Wabuyisela ukuba amakholwa 90 kunye ngokutsha. endaweni emangcwabeni ngoku epakini.

ezikhumbuzo

Yoshkar-Ola, zininzi iindawo ezahlukeneyo apho iindwendwe bayakuthanda isithombe, kwaye wenze abemi baloo mzi. Phakathi edume:

• Sculpture "uMthi woBomi", ibekwe i Park of Culture noLonwabo, ibonisa umlinganiswa yesizwe kummandla Mari. Monument, ibhalwe igcisa Andrei Kovalchuk, yasungulwa ngo-2008. Embindini ubume kukho umthi, ubomi okukhombisa kunye zoludwe kwizizukulwana kwaye ibekwe ngeenxa zonke iimvumi ezintathu ngobhedu, endingowakhe kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo, izixhobo ezandleni yesizwe. Le ndoda endala ubetha nelembande, umntu uhadi, inkwenkwe kwigubu. Monument eziimitha ezintathu ukuphakama ithatha indawo elungileyo epakini, apho kubonakala ngokucacileyo ukusuka naphi na.
• Monument Obolensky-Nogotkov - umsunguli umzi, irhuluneli yokuqala - lisetwe yembutho eponymous phambi kwesakhiwo karhulumente. imitha-emithandathu ukuphakama na elaa litye lithe uphawu Yoshkar-Ola omnye ezinika yayo engundoqo. Prince Obolensky, marigold uvezwa ngehashe kunye iingalo. Le lesikhumbuzo wenziwa ngu nomkroli A. Kovalchuk imizobo ngo-2007.

• Kwindawo kufutshane kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Mari-eyaziwa zolinganiso eSoviet kwaye ukubeka litye lesikhumbuzo ngobhedu. Yvan Kyrlya okuboniswe ehleli netroli, njengoko kwakunjalo ifilimu "Indlela Esa Kubomi" apho wadlala indima Mustafa - inkokeli abantwana ezitratweni.
• Ikopi ye-Tsar Cannon eyenziwe ngo-2007. Le ikopi nokwahlulwa wokuqala odumileyo, leyo waphoswa ngobhedu A. Chokhov ngo-1586. Mari gun, leyo kunye ubunzima eziba na iitoni ezili-12, wenziwa kwi Zvenigovsky Plant. Butyakov. Ngokutsho iinkosi, oko ukudubula. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuya welding ezingundoqo umphanda.

iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo ezingaqhelekanga

Abantu abaninzi bamangaliswe mihla Yoshkar-Ola. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo kukho Kuyamangalisa, nokuba engaqhelekanga.

One of them - oqingqiweyo ngesando, nto leyo eyasekwa ngo-2008, kule nasezirhangeni phambi kwe-ofisi kwisakhiwo wenkampani yokwakha. imitha-Four metal isando wokuweyisha kunye iitoni ezimbini ezinesiqingatha afunyenwe isikhonkwane emhlabeni. Umbhali ingcamango - umongameli wenkampani yokwakha - bagqiba ngaloo ndlela phambili umsebenzi abasebenzi uze ubahlawule kubafo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ecaleni isando kunye isi- lowo usebenzayo, kuloo ilokhwe nomakhi kunye isitena ngesandla sakhe.

Ngaphambi kokungena isakhiwo esifanayo, hayi kude ukusuka oqingqiweyo ngehamile, kusekho iindawo ezinika ezimbini zokuqala - blue elephant ukuphakama malunga 1.5 yeemitha kunye isitulo enkulu.

Isimanga kukho Umfanekiso lobhedu kumbindi wesixeko kufutshane kwisakhiwo esikhulu eyunivesithi. Le tshe Yoshkinu cat, nto leyo iye yasungulwa ngo-2011. Ababhali ubume - kunye C. A. Shirnin Yandubaev, ukukrola otyhidiweyo Kazan, indlela eMoscow somashishini. Ngo-2013, kufutshane Yoshkinogo cat, zilele esitulweni, ilitye Yoshkinoy ikati, ukufakelwa apho kwanikezelwa kokufunyanwa cafes eponymous.

Le sesakhiwo entsha kwesihloko

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, imbonakalo esi sixeko litshintshile kakhulu. ukwakhiwa wenziwa apha, ubungakanani zazo ehexisayo. Ngqo phambi kwesakhiwo e izimbo ezahlukeneyo yaseYurophu bokwakha. izitrato ezintsha kunye izikwere kunye nezakhiwo emangalisayo zibonakala kwamnandi, yokudlala kunye kusikhumbuza encinane ubuhle.

izinto ngokuNgaqhelekanga, akukho mathandabuzo, iquka Bryggen, leyo ogama emva komzi eBelgium. Xa ufika esitratweni, andikwazi ndicinga ukuba emzini yaseYurophu Bruges. Kwini yakhiwe izindlu isimbo Flemish, ngokuqhelekileyo eFlanders ephakathi. Ingakumbi sihle apha ebusuku xa izibane eziyimibalabala.

Iindwendwe qaphela ukuba Yoshkar-Ola thaca akumangalisi wamazwi, sijike ukusuka kwiziko isicefe ukuzimela yiSoviet kwisixeko umdla apho ufuna ukubuyela. Abaninzi bavakalisa uluvo lokuba izakhiwo na impikiswano, kodwa into yokuba yinto engaqhelekanga, ekhumbulekayo, eyakhayo, phantse bonke uyavuma.

A Bamangaliswa ekhethekileyo abakhenkethi Uyenza Annunciation kunye chimes. Le ikopi omncinane Spasskaya Tower eMoscow. Uninzi iindwendwe kuwa nje ngenxa yo- xa ngesiquphe uve chime, nto leyo ncam kwikomkhulu Russian.

Nangona isibakala indawo Yoshkar-Ola, ezinika yayo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezininzi. Wonke umntu ukuba andwendwele lo mzi ndibaphathe izithethe ezizukileyo, kuya kuba yinto ukukhumbula into ukuxelela abahlobo bakho.