Zener - yintoni le yaye yintoni na ukuba?

Zener - diode yinto semiconductor kunye iipropati ezizodwa. Ukuba semiconductor eqhelekileyo xa ukuqukwa umva yinto yokwambathisa, lenza lo msebenzi de ukukhula elithile ombane isicelo, ebezikuyo ingathityazwa kwadilika breakdown kwenzeka. Ngokwanda ngakumbi kwemali ngokusebenzisa zener diode umva ombane kuhlala rhoqo ngenxa ukuhla inxenye uxhathiso. Ngale ndlela unako ukufikelela imo sinjalo.

Xa ivaliwe, loo zener kuqala ipasisa ukuvuza encinane yangoku. Isiqalelo liziphatha resistor ixabiso ogama uxhathiso mkhulu. Xa yokuwa ukuxhathisa zener uba ayikho. Ukuba ukuqhubeka phambili ekukhuliseni ombane igalelo, lo element uqalisa ukushushubeza kwaye xa yangoku lingaphaya ixabiso obuvumelekileyo ye esase vuhlayiseki thermal. Ukuba akukho iziswa kuyo, yokutshintsha ombane ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya elilelona liphezulu kwiqondo iipropati zener sokusebenza zigciniwe.

Xa luvulwa ngqo zener iimpawu diode musa kwahluke ngale diode. Xa uqhagamshele p-plus mmandla kunye thabatha - to n-kummandla yenkcaso inguqu sincinci kwaye ngoku aqukuqela ngokukhululekileyo. Yena kwanda ombane ngegalelo.

Zener - a diode okhethekileyo, elidityaniswe becala umva. Into yokuqala sikarhulumente closed. Xa i electric ombane breakdown zener kugcinwa rhoqo kuluhlu elikhulu ngoku.

Inikezelwa ezingakhiyo anode kunye cathode - dibanisa. Beyond Ukuzinziswa (point 2 ngezantsi) kwaye shushu ngokugqithisileyo kwandisa yindlela yokuphumelela cell.

iimpawu

parameters zener diode zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• U _V - uzinziso ombane kwi eliyimali yangoku I _v;
• _Inqaku I _min - baphazamiseka ubuncinane iqala electric current;
• I _{st max} - ubuninzi kuvumelekile yangoku;
• TKN - lobushushu ingumlingani.

Ngokungafaniyo diode eqhelekileyo, i diode zener - isixhobo semiconductor, apho uphawu lwangoku-ombane yasendle yokuwa zombane kunye thermal ibekwe kude ngokwaneleyo enye kwenye.

Ekubeni ngoku ezona avumelekile parameters ezinxulumene, ngokufuthi enikwe iitafile - ngamandla ukusasaza:

P _max = I _max ∙ U _{v v.}

Ukuxhomekeka kwi lobushushu nokusebenza diode zener inokuba TKN entle okanye embi. Iziqalelo uxhulumaniso ezilandelanayo ngemiqondiso ezahlukeneyo okuza ezi zener ngqo hayi ngokuxhomekeke ukufudumeza okanye ukupholisa.

kumphathi wesekethe

Umzobo wendlela a somfanekiso elula, esakhiwa ukuxhathisa zokulinganisa R _b kunye zener diode nomthwalo shunt.

Kwezinye iimeko, kukho impazamo sinjalo.

1. Kungako infeed ombane enkulu ivela kumthombo igunya phambi capacitor yemveliso lokucoca ulwelo. Inrush ngoku xa ugcwalisa kunokubangela ekungaphumelelini diode zener okanye ukutshatyalaliswa resistor R _b.
2. ndyikitya-yomthwalo. Xa isicelo ubuninzi igalelo ombane ye zener diode ngoku linakho ngaphezu avumelekile ezikhokelela ngentshabalalo ubushushu. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuthobela yokundwendwela ekhuselekileyo indawo yokusebenza.
3. Lokumelana R _b ikhethiwe encinane, ukuze ngokwexabiso lisezantsi kangangoko ombane sonikezelo ubuninzi nomthwalo ngoku avumelekile ukuba diode zener bayasebenza ummandla ummiselo.

Ukukhusela somfanekiso kusetyenziswa kwiisekethe ukhuseleko thyristor okanye iifyuzi.

Resistor R _b ibalwa yi ifomula:

R _b = (U _emhadini - U _SG) (I _v + I _n).

Zener yangoku I _v uyonyulwa phakathi kwelona qondo imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo, kuxhomekeka kwigalelo ombane U _umhadi kunye nomthwalo yangoku I _n.

Kukhethwa zener

Iziqalelo kuba Umahluko omkhulu ukugcina amandla ombane. Ukuze ufumane ixabiso echanileyo U _n, ilight Zener zikhethwa ukusuka nebhetshi efanayo. Kukho iindidi uluhlu nemxinwa parameters. Xa amandla eliphezulu iziqalelo ukusasaza elifakiweyo radiators.

lwe data eyimfuneko ukuze kubalwe le Ipharamitha diode zener, umzekelo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• U _num = 12-15 - ombane igalelo;
• U _v = 9 - ombane ngcono;
• R _n = 50-100 Ma - umthwalo.

Iparameters uphawu izixhobo kunye power eliphantsi.

Kuba igalelo ombane ubuncinane 12 V, i zangoku kwi umthwalo ubuninzi esikhethwe - 100 Ma. Ngokutsho komthetho Ohm zifumaneka ubunzima iyonke chain:

R _Σ = 12 V / 0.1 A = 120 ohms.

Zener ombane drop yi 9 V. In yangoku 0.1 A umthwalo dummy ngu:

R _eq = 9 V / 0.1 A = 90 ohms.

Ngoku unako ukumisela uxhathiso le zokulinganisa:

R _B = 120 ohms - 90 ohms = 30 ohms.

Kubhaliwe ekhethiweyo esuka kuluhlu olusezantsi apho ixabiso ingqamana ixabiso ubalwe.

Le yangoku esiphezulu ngokusebenzisa diode zener ixhomekeke ngokuthathela ingqalelo kokuqhawulwa umthwalo, ukuba ayikho ingasebenziyo, ukuba kukho ucingo unsolder. Ukuhla ombane ngaphesheya resistor iya kuba:

U _R = 15 - 9 = 6 V.

Emva koko, lo ezikhoyo resistor:

I _R = 6/30 = 0,2 A.

Ekubeni diode zener elidityaniswe kuyo kuthotho kulo, ndiya _c = I _R = 0,2 A.

amandla ukusasaza iya kuba P = 0,2 ∙ 9 = 1.8 watts.

Ngokutsho kwe parameters ifunyenwe ekhethe zener D815V efanelekileyo.

zener ziyalingana

A DAIC sisixhobo ziguquka, a conductive ifildi yangoku. A inkalo yomsebenzi wakhe ukuba ehlise i ombane volts eziliqela xa kufakwa uluhlu malunga ne30-50 V. It indawo zener ezimbini oppositely eqhelekileyo ifakiwe. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa isenza izinto.

analogu zener

Xa ungakwazi ukufumana into efanelekileyo, isebenzisa isifaniso umntu transistors zener diode. inzuzo yabo ithuba yommiselo ombane. Oku kusebenza DC yokukhulisa kunye kwizigaba ezininzi.

Xa ehlukanisayo ngegalelo ombane ukumisela resistor lokucheba R1. Ukuba ombane igalelo kwandisa, ngokusekelwe kwi transistor VT1 nalo liyanda. Oku kwandisa yangoku ngokusebenzisa transistor VT2, leyo ihlawula ukwanda ombane ke, ngokwenjenjalo egcina output yayo izinzile.

Zener lokumakishela

Ifumaneka glass ilight zener kunye ilight Zener ngendlela izindlu yeplastiki. Kwimeko yokuqala isebenza kumanani-2, phakathi apho ileta V. Isihloko 9V1 ibonisa ukuba U _v = 9,1 V.

Ngomhla yeplastiki imibhalo lwezindlu ukuba ziqala usebenzisa Itheyibhile yeengcombolo ezivelileyo, apho unako ukufumana ezinye iindlela.

ring Dark komzimba eboniswe kwi cathode, ukuba oludityaniswe a plus.

isiphelo

Zener - diode ngayo ngempahla ezikhethekileyo. Unalungelo lini na ke ummiselo ombane Zener ephezulu uluhlu yokusebenza olubanzi yokwahluka ngoku, kwakunye scheme uqhagamshelo elula. Ukuze uzinzise ombane aphantsi izixhobo iquka indlela phambili, kwaye baqalise ukusebenza ilight njengento eqhelekileyo.