Zika fever: oonobangela, iimpawu, unyango, uthintelo

inani elikhulu iintsholongwane ezikhoyo kwindawo engqongileyo. Cya abangakwaziyo kungabonwa ngeliso lenyama, okubangela izifo umntu eyahlukileyo. Ezinye kwamagciwane bade kukhokelela ekufeni. Zeke yintsholongwane kuyingozi kakhulu.

I-arhente causative esi sifo

Zika fever - sisifo ebangela intsholongwane igama elifanayo. Yena lilungu sodidi Flavivirus. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala intsholongwane kubonakele ku egazini nkawu 1947 ezihlala ehlathini Sika (Uganda). Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku gama yaba arhente causative fever.

Ngowe-1948, Zika yintsholongwane, izazinzulu baye bafumana iingcongconi eyayihlala ehlathini efanayo. Izifundo eziye olwenziwe elizayo ziingcali wabonisa ukuba pathogen ezingasosulela abantu. Amatyala osulelo oluntu aye ezichongiweyo ngo-1952 (Uganda kunye United Republic of Tanzania).

Nokwanda fever

Esi sifo kwithuba elide kwakugqalwa azinabungozi. kuye kwaba akukho loqhambuko ezinxulumene nesi sifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane Zika. Kwamanye amazwe ukuchonga arhente causative? Antibodies zentsholongwane ziye ibonakele abantu e-Afrika kunye South-East Asia (eYiputa, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, i-Central African Republic, Thailand, njalo njalo). Inzala kwi sifo kwavela phakathi kwabaphandi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, xa usulelo kuyaqala ukusasaza ngokukhawuleza ngaphaya kuluhlu yayo.

Ukuqhambuka yokuqala fever Sika ikuluhlu kwiziqithi Yap Ocean, kwaye ziyinxalenye le misebenzi ಮೆಟಾಡೇಟಾ States of Micronesia. Emva laboratory ukuqinisekisile amacala 49 usulelo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, omnye Isifo e French Polynesia. Ngowe-2013-2014, 32 lamawaka. Abantu ziye zavavanywa. nenkqubo yokuphicothwa nokujongisiswa National ukuvota ngaphezulu kwama-8 lamawaka. lweemeko ezikrokrelekayo zesifo. Kwezi, bantu 383 kuqinisekiswa BVVZ (isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane Zika) emva kovavanyo lwaselebhu.

Ngo-2014, esi sifo waya eMzantsi Merika. Zika fever safunyanwa abahlali Easter Island. Malunga nonyaka kamva le RNA ye-pathogen yafunyanwa kubantu abahlala ekumntla-Brazil. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2015 on February amatyala 2016 of losuleleko yintsholongwane zabhalwa kumazwe 44. BVVZ ube yingxaki yehlabathi.

Kwimeko yokuqala fever Zika eRashiya

E Australia, China, eJapan, eKhanada naseYurophu ebhalwe kuphela "amazwe" amatyala. xa lokuhanjiswa ifiva nayo abhalwe eRashiya Zeke wabakhenkethi, babuyela kwilizwe labo. Obhinqileyo (iminyaka - engama-36) ukuba uphumlo eDominican Republic kwixesha ukususela-27 Januwari ukuya-3 Februwari 2016. Amaxesha aliqela yena yinja ziingcongconi, ngenxa yawuphi na isifo yabonakala.

Zika fever wabonakaliswa imini. WoKhanketho waziva ubuthathaka, ubuhlungu apha esiswini. Ukufika eRashiya, waqalisa ukuphawula kwezi mpawu zilandelayo: ilindle evakalala, intloko ebuhlungu, ukungxama phezu kwesifuba neengalo, nomkhuhlane. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokubuya lo mfazi esibhedlele kwimo sandla zokumodareyitha. Oogqirha ziye zaphawula hyperemia yakhe oropharynx, amaqhakuvana amancinane ebusweni, isiqu kunye omzimba, ukwanda kwiindawo nkovu wesibeleko, ifiva ukuya degrees 38.

mpawu Ukunikezela eye amagqirha ukuba iqalise ubukho sesinye sezifo ezifana shock fever kunye Zeke. Le unyango emiselweyo kuphela emva kokuxilongwa echanekileyo. Iingcali wathabatha kwiisampuli kwilebhu iimvavanyo umchamo negazi. Ekuhambeni lezifundo baye bafumana viral RNA Zika.

Ukutshintshelwa eli gciwane ngokusebenzisa izinja

Abathwali virus iingcongconi ze sodidi Aedes (Ae. Africanus, Ae. Aegypti, Ae. Albopictus). Le pathogen engena umzimba impovane emva izigulane obeku-. Bosuleleka njani iinkawu - umbuzo impendulo apho awukwazi ukunika inzululwazi yanamhlanje. Ichibi intsholongwane kwindalo ayaziwa.

Abantu Zika fever kwenzeka emva sokufunxa iingcongconi sifo. Ngexesha unomntana iintsholongwane ukugqobhoza umzimba womntu, zisasazwe kulo nosebenzela kwemithambo yegazi. Le lwegciwane transmission umendo kuthiwa ukubasulela.

transmission ngokwesini le ntsholongwane

Abantu abanentsholongwane Zika nangecesina, lo pathogen ibhaqwe nje kuphela plasma kunye serum, kodwa amadlozi, netuwa lobufazi. Le nyaniso ukuba iingcaphephe zibonisa ukuba imo transmissive yosasazeko into eyenzeka. Le ntsholongwane ukungena emzimbeni lomntu obusempilweni ngexesha ukusondelelana isigulane.

YokuGqithisela fever ngokwesondo Sika abhalwe eFransi, eItali, i-US, New Zealand kunye Argentina. I-arhente causative kwesi sifo nalo labonwa ngamathe, umchamo abantu abagulayo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho okwangoku akukho ubungqina obuxhasa amathuba okudluliselwa kwentsholongwane ngokudibana neencindi zomzimba utshilo.

Ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane olungekazalwa ngethuba lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka

Zika fever yosulela kusana ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokubeleka. yokudlulisela Transplacental nkqo zentsholongwane kudale usuleleko intrauterine kunye ukubonakala malformations. Usulelo zisenzeka ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana, ebangela usuleleko naso.

usuleleko intrauterine kunokubangela:

• kwinkqubo luvo;
• abazizidalwa ngokukhula Palsy;
• insufficiency placental ;
• ukufa Palsy.

Zeke kwi ngumkhuhlane kusasa ekukhulelweni ukuba ukuphuhlisa microcephaly. Oku iingcali gama ukuqonda lukakayi amancinane kakhulu kwaye nobuchopho. Abantwana olu ingxaki, emva kokuzalwa intloko ayikhuli. Microcephaly - imeko ngokwanelisayo inqabile. Noko ke, ngo-2015-2016 inani labantwana abazalwa kunye nale ngezifo liye landa kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa fever Zika. Ngeli thuba ngaphezu kwamawaka 5. Iintsana Yokuzalwa kunye microcephaly evela oomama bosulelwe yintsholongwane.

iimpawu

Emva kokuba umntu ethe walunywa yingcongconi ukuba inaso intsholongwane, okuthatha iqala. ubude bayo ibe ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwiiveki ezi-2. Iimpawu zokuqala kwenzeka emva okuthatha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezibonisa kwezonyango sifo senzeka kwi% 20-25 kuphela abantu abosulelwe. Ukuze oogqirha kufuneka orhanelwa isifo esinjalo, ezifana ifiva Zeke, ezi mpawu zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:

• fever eyodwa;
• ukungxama esiqwini kunye eziphelweni;
• ubuhlungu bamalunga;
• ukudumba kwiinwebu emehlweni.

Ezinye izigulane ezikhala iintlungu zezihlunu nesisu, ilindle ngokukhawuleza kwaye rhoqo evakalala, ukugabha, pruritus. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu fever Zika kuvela kunqabile kakhulu.

isevisi ayikho

I-plasma kunye negazi serum, ematheni, umchamo, amadlozi - efanelekileyo ekufunyanisweni kwezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane Zika. Uxilongo engenziwa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal kunye fluid, ukuba kuyimfuneko, igazi imfesane yosana. Xa ukufa iisampulu ekuhloleni kwabantu enyama yangaphakathi (isibindi, intso, ubuchopho, umphunga).

Ngokomthetho iingcali zinika kuphela isampulu yegazi. Le nkqubo lwenziwa kusasa. Igazi iskrini eboniswe 3-4 ml ityhubhu zovavanyo kunye anticoagulant. Emva koko ke centrifuged ukufumana iplaza. iingcali isampula kuthwa egcinwe phambi indlela polymerase chain (PCR):

• zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-5 kubushushu ka 4-8 degrees Celsius;
• unyaka 1 Degrees 6-20;
• phezu ixesha elide kubushushu degrees -70 Celsius.

serum elungiswe iindlela ezisemgangathweni. Igcinwe kude ukuphunyezwa izifundo yemfuza serological ezinto kwi iindlela zokuxilonga ezifana plasma.

Uxilongo yamkelwe ukuchitha iintsuku 5-7 yokugula, kwaye ngeentsuku 7-10. Kwiveki yokuqala isifo-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) e iisampulu yegazi ziqokelelwe kutyhilwa Zika fever virus - kunokuba RNA yayo. IgM izilwa ziyazibhaqekela yi malunga 5-6 iintsuku fever. Ekupheleni kweveki yesibini ukugula kuvela IgG iklasi antibodies egazini abantu abosulelekileyo.

unyango fever

Kuwo onke amazwe, ngaphandle eRashiya, esibhedlele abantu iimpawu zesi sifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane Zika lwenziwa kuphela xa kubonisiwe ngokwezonyango. ERashiya, yonke into eyahlukileyo. Zonke izigulane ezineempawu ibitheni esibhedlele esibhedlele ezosulelayo apho ijongene iimvavanyo.

Zika fever, ogama iimpawu wabonakala, kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo wobulali. Oogqirha ukumisela izigulane antipyretics bacebisa Nentabalala ukuphumla uze usele iziselo. unyango kobude ezinokuthi ukuphelisa unobangela Zika fever ayikho. amaziko ophando kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe asebenza ukuphuhlisa amachiza antiviral. Kodwa okwangoku bakwazi ukuphuhlisa imveliso eyayiza kuba Ndinako ukuyichitha pathogen emzimbeni womntu.

ingqalelo eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi kulawulo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nomkhuhlane Zika. Xa lokufunyaniswa kwesifo zintokazi kwindawo ayikhuthazwa acetylsalicylic acid. Xa ezintathu zokuqala zokumitha kuyimfuneko ukuba zizalise isaveyi. ubuchule ultrasound laqina zisetyenziselwa moshilongo isongelwa siswini. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo ukuvumela ukuba ukusombulula umbuzo kulondolozwe ukukhulelwa.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka

Ngo-2015, i-kwaqhambuka BVVZ eBrazil ubhaliswe. Iingcali ukuvavanya imeko, wathi ukuba liyanda inani labantu abosuleleka liye landa inani lezigulane ezi-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Le yimeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kuchaphazela inkqubo peripheral luvo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu abane-Guillain-Barre syndrome unomoya. Izigulane Uphawule ubuthathaka bakhe ukuluma yesiqephu ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo. Abanye abantu babe ukushwabana imilenze, izandla, imisipha yobuso. Kwiimeko kakhulu ka Guillain-Barre syndrome kukhokelela ukushwabana izihlunu nokuphefumla, zokuma. Ngenxa yoko, ukufa kwenzeka.

Izigulane Guillain-Barre syndrome, ifiva yabangela Zika, kufuneka esweni ngononophelo (ifuna esweni uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukubetha, nokuphefumla). Kungenxa yoko le nto abantu abagulayo, nkqu iingxaki wobulali ukuba esibhedlele.

amanyathelo othintelo

Ukuze ukuba senze sifo, ezifana ifiva Zika, zothintelo kufuneka abe noku kulandelayo:

1. Abantu abakhetha indawo yeholide wenu phesheya, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwamazwe nempumelelo ngokwalo epidemiological.
2. Ukuba iholide ucwangciselwe kwi kurhulumente, apho imithombo fever iingcongconi, uyacebiswa ukuba izinambuzane. Ungasebenzisa ukukhanya impahla elinombala esigquma uninzi umzimba ukuze awukhusele izinambuzane.
3. Kule hotele musa ukuvula iifestile ngaphandle kokuba baxhotyiswa iminatha iingcongconi.
4. Kufuneka kwakhona sokuphepha ukutyelela nemigxobhozo. izikhongozeli Amanzi (amavili, iimbiza intyatyambo) kufuneka ichithwe yaye icocwe (okanye into yokugubungela), kuba neengcongconi ukuthanda emoyeni emanzi kunye cool.

Musa ukulibala ukuba BVVZ enokusasazwa ngesondo. Xa libuya livela lweholide kwisithuba seeveki 8 (ngaphandle iimpawu) kufuneka balandele ngesondo okukhuselekileyo (ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ukuthintela unxibelelwano olusondeleyo). Yimiqondiso zokuqala zesi sifo ngale ndlela yobomi kuya kufuneka ukuba benze iinyanga ezi-6 (ubuncinane).

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Zika fever (lwezonyango, esandulwa kumiliselwa, unyango kunye nothintelo sifo) - ngesihloko eshushu. Ukugula, elo elingathathwanga kakhulu ixesha elide, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye zibe usongo impilo kunye nobomi babantu abaninzi kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Okwangoku BVVZ nangoku nokuyiqonda; musa ukuba zonke iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa pathogen ziphuhliswe zokugonya kunye neziyobisi kule ntsholongwane. Mhlawumbi le miba iza kusonjululwa kwixesha elizayo, ngenxa yokuba nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namaziko ophando babesebenza kwezi nkalo.