Ziziphi iingenelo umntu oneminyaka-mali ubudala oneminyaka engaphantsi komthetho?

ERashiya, abasetyhini baqala ukuhlala emsebenzini. Ubudala bomhlala-phantsi bungama-55 kunye neminyaka engama-60 kubafazi kunye namadoda ngokulandelanayo. Emva kokuba umntu athathe isikhundla somhlalaphantsi, uninzi lamathuba amatsha avulekileyo phambi kwakhe. Urhulumente uthatha uxanduva lokuxhasa abantu abakhankanywe ngasentla. Wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba ziphi iingenelo umhlala-phantsi omdala. Ziya kukhutshwa phi na njani? Ukuphendula le mibuzo, unokusebenzisa iibhonasi zeburhulumenteni ngokulula. Ziququzelela kakhulu ubomi kunye nokunciphisa imali kwiindawo ezithile.

Iintlobo zeenzuzo

Kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo ukuba iintlobo zahluke. Abantu abathathe umhlala-phantsi bangafumana uncedo kule mimandla elandelayo:

• LweNtlalo;
• Rhafu;
• ZeZindlu;
• Ipropati;
• ZeMali;
• Unyango;
• Izinto.

Kubonakala ukuba abantu abaneminyaka yobudala basemhlala-phantsi bangafumana uncedo phantse kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi bomhlali wanamhlanje. Kodwa yintoni kanye onokuyilindela? Ziziphi iingenelo umhlala-phantsi omdala?

Imirhumo

Ibhonasi yeburhulumenteni eqhelekileyo iyinkuthazo yerhafu. Ngokuqhelekileyo bakhulula ngokupheleleyo abakhulileyo kwiirhafu ezithile. Ezinye zeenzuzo kule ndawo zibekwe kwinqanaba lezithili, kodwa ezininzi zazo zinyusa.

Iintlawulo zabanikezeli-pension beminyaka yobudala zigqitywa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Intlawulo yePropati - ukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiintlawulo zezinto ezili-1 kwicandelo ngalinye le-estate (igumbi, indlu, indlu, indlu kunye njalo njalo);
• Intlawulo yezothutho - inkululeko okanye inkululeko epheleleyo yokuhlawulwa kweemoto ezihamba ngeendlela ezincinci;
• Ierhafu zomhlaba - azikho zibonelelo, kwezinye iindawo intlawulo ikhutshwa ngokukodwa okanye ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo yomhlaba ye-ruble eyi-10 000 - kubo bonke abakhulileyo.

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuba uyilo le bhonasi lwenziwa kwi-Federal Tax Service. Indlela yokukrazula ngokufanelekileyo iirhafu ngelixa ube ngumhlalaphantsi, uya kuxelwa kamva. Ukuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda inkxaso karhulumente asebekhulile ngokupheleleyo.

Imiba yezindlu

Ziziphi iingenelo abahlala emakhaya abaneminyaka yobudala? Udidi olulandelayo lweebhonasi zombuso yizindlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuze kufumane inkxaso efanelekileyo, isaziso esibhaliweyo mazingeniswe ekuphunyezweni kwamalungelo abo kwiCandelo loPhulo mthetho.

Yintoni enokuthi ithathwe eRussia emva kokufumana imeko yomhlalaphantsi? Kuze kube yiminyaka, oku kuku:

• Isaphulelo ngokuhlawula iinkonzo zesevisi kunye nerenti (ukusuka kuma-50% ukuya kwi-100%);
• Ukubuyiselwa kweendleko zokusebenzisa ifowuni yekhaya;
• Ukufowunelwa kwefowuni yasekhaya oluphuthumayo
• Ukuncedisa ukutyalwa kwendlu (uxhumano lwangaphandle ngaphandle komgca jikelele);
• Ukuxolelwa (ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-80) okanye i-50% isaphulelo (ukususela kwiminyaka engama-70) ukuhlawula iinkonzo ezinkulu zokulungisa ekhaya.

Konke oku kuqinisekisiwe, njengomthetho, kuzo zonke iindawo zaseRussian Federation. Kodwa oku akukho konke. Izibonelelo zezindlu ezi zinto zilapha zingasentla apho.

Nelelo lezindlu

Into kukuba phantsi kweemeko ezithile, abahlala phantsi banokufumana izindlu ezivela kwilizwe. Akuyena wonke umntu onokukwazi ukufumana ikhaya elingenamakhaya. Ukwangoku, unokuthiwa:

• Abantu abangenawo indawo yokuhlala;
• Abanempenshini abahluphekayo (ukufunyanwa ngokusemthethweni kuyadingeka);
• Abantu abaneemfuno ezikhethekileyo phambi kobuso (amaqhawe, amaqhawe njalonjalo).

Ngako oko, abantu abadala abafumana imali engenayo abanakuyithemba indawo yokuhlala. Ukubhaliswa kwale ntlawulo kuqhutyelwa kulawulo lweedolophu okanye kwigumbi lezindlu lommandla.

Mayeza

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo yobomi bomntu yonyango. Kulo badala sele banikezwa iibhonasi ezikhethekileyo.

Ubuninzi babo abudingi nasiphi na imvume. Kwanele ukuba ube nekhadi lokuchonga kunye nesitifiketi somhlalaphantsi kunye nawe.

Ziziphi iinzuzo abantu abaguga umhlalaphantsi abanomdla kwiindawo zonyango? Phakathi kwazo:

• Ukubonelelwa kwamahhala kwamayeza (nge-odokotela);
• Unyango kwi-sanatoria kunye neendawo zokungcebeleka zempilo (kwimiyalelo) ngaphandle kwentlawulo;
• Inkonzo yamahhala kumaziko ogqirha ngaphandle kokujika;
• Ukugcinwa kwamakhaya asebekhulile kunye nezindlu zokuhlala ngaphandle kokuhlawula;
• Ukubonelelwa kwamazinyo e-free basis.

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, akukho kubhaliswa kwezibonelelo ezifunekayo. Xa ucela uncedo lwezonyango ufuna nje ukuqinisekisa isimo sakho njengomhlalaphantsi.

Iinkonzo zothutho

Iinzuzo zibeka kubani beminyaka-mboleko yabantu abadala, zihlala zixhomekeke kwindawo yokuhlala ngayo intsapho. Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwicandelo lezozothutho.

Into yokuba namhlanje e-Russia bathi malunga nokupheliswa kwamalungelo okuthutha abantu abaphantsi kwempesheni. Lo mqathango wamukelwa kwiindawo ezininzi. Kodwa kwezinye iidolophu abantu abadala abazange banqatshelwe amabhonasi karhulumente kule ndawo.

Abantu abadala baye banelungelo loku:

• Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhululekile kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke;
• Ukuthengwa kwamatikiti ekuthuthwa kweedolophu ekuphumeni;
• Ukuhamba ngeenqwelo zengingqi ngaphandle kokuhlawula intlawulo (ngokuqhelekileyo emva kweminyaka engama-80).

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ukukhethwa kweeteksi kunye nokuqhelekileyo kweeteksi (ukuba kukho) akusebenzi.

Abemi basebenzayo

Ubudala bomhlala-phantsi eRashiya buya kusasa. Nangona emva kokubhaliswa kwemeko yabathatha umhlalaphantsi, uluntu luzama ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo. Oku akuncedisi nje ukuba uzive omncinci, kodwa kwakhona kunomthelela ekunyuseni kwimpesheni.

Abasebenzisa umhlalaphantsi banelungelo lokunika inkxaso inkxaso. Basenokufuna:

• Ukuncitshiswa kwentlawulo kwintengiso ethile;
• Ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuhlawulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo (ixesha lixhomekeke kwimeko yomhlalaphantsi);
• Ukuhlaziywa kwempesheni kanye ngonyaka;
• Ukuphucula ukuhlaziywa okanye ukuhlaziywa kwindleko yomqeshi;
• Ukufakwa kweengongoma zempesheni ngexesha lomsebenzi.

Abesempesheni abangasebenziyo banelungelo lokuncitshiswa kweerhafu, kodwa kuphela xa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-3 kudlule ukususela ekuxothweni. Ngaphandle koko, eli thuba kubantu abangathathi irhafu yengeniso (13%) ilahlekile.

Uncedo lwezomthetho

Ukuguga lixesha apho abemi behlala befuna ukuxhaswa ngokomthetho. Iinkonzo zegqwetha elijongene nelo likwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi lixabiso elincinci. Ngoko ke, urhulumente wanquma ukubonelela ngokusemthethweni inkxaso yamahala kubantu abadala.

Uyathembela kula bantu abalandelayo abaye baphumula ngokufanelekileyo:

• Iimfazwe zemfazwe kunye nabasebenzi;
• Ihlwempu;
• Abantu abahlala kwimibutho yenkonzo yoluntu;
• Ixinzelelo;
• Ezingenasiphelo.

Bonke abanye baya kufuneka bahlawule iinkonzo zommeli. Akukho nto emangalisa okanye engavamile kule nto.

Idilesi kunye noncedo oluphathekayo

Ziziphi iingenelo ezinikezelwa kumhlala-phantsi? Abantu asebekhulile baseRussian Federation banokufumana uncedo okanye izinto ezijoliswe kuzo. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isicelo esifanelekileyo kwiinkonzo zentlalo.

Uncedo olujoliswe kuko lunokuboniswa ngu:

• Impahla;
• Imali;
• I zihlangu;
• Imveliso;
• Ifenitshala;
• Izinto zokuhlala ekhaya kunye nobomi.

Uncedo olujoliswe kuyo kunye noluncedo luphela kubapenshini abasweleyo. Inani leentlawulo ziyahluka. Into eyona nto ingathethwa ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba inkxaso yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka inikwe umhlalaphantsi kunye neyona nto incinci yokuhlala kuyo .

Ulawulo lwemali

Bonke abemi baseRussia Federation ngexesha elilodwa banikwa ipensheni. Abapenshini abadala baya kufumana inzuzo emva kokuba umntu avunywe ngokusemthethweni njengabantu abadala. Kuze kube yimanje, ukufumaneka komsebenzi wakhe akuchaphazeli ukufumana amaninzi amabhonasi karhulumente.

Imali inceda abantu abadala baseRashiya bafumana. Phakathi kwazo:

• Ukuxolelwa kwenkxaso yenkxaso yangomntu;
• Ukufumana ipensheni;
• Ukwandiswa kwinxalenye yomshuwalense yeentlawulo zempesheni ngexesha elide.

Njengoko sele sele kuthethiwe, phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye neemfuno, abemi baya kunceda ukuqinisekisa izinga lokuhlala kwindawo.

Ubudala obudala

Kucacile, luhlobo luni lweenzuzo kwiirhafu kubadala abahlala kwi-pensioners abonelelwa kwiRashiya. Xa uneminyaka eyi-80, ii-horizons ezintsha zivulelekile kubantu abadala. Sithetha ntoni na?

Kule minyaka, ngokuqhelekileyo abemi banokuthi:

• Ukubhalisa ukunakekelwa kwabo - umgcini wongamela unamava omsebenzi kunye nokuhlawula i-ruble 1,200 ngenyanga;
• Ukuxolelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiintlawulo zokulungiswa okukhulu;
• Ukwandisa kwinxalenye yomshuwalense yempesheni ngamaxesha ama-2 (kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo).

Inkathalo ifakwe kwiFIU. Ukuba ummi uyanyamekela umhlalaphantsi, akanako ukwenza umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Kodwa, njengoko sele kushiwo ngaphambili, uya kuqhubeka nokufumana amanqaku akhe omdala kunye neempesheni.

Ukubhaliswa kwenkathalo kubalulekile ukuzisa:

• Isicelo;
• IiPassports zamaqela;
• Isitifiketi sePensheni;
• AMASUNTI omnakekeli kunye nomhlalaphantsi.

Unokunyamekela umhlalaphantsi njengezihlobo (uya kufuna amaxwebhu aqinisekisa ubungqina), kwaye engaziwa ngokupheleleyo.

Senza ikhefu zentela

Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba zeziphi iingenelo abanomhlala-phantsi omdala. Zonke iibhonasi zaseburhulumenteni zidweliswe kubo bonke abantu abadala. Indlela yokufaka izicelo zerhafu?

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufake isicelo kwi-Federal Tax Service kwindawo yokubhalisa. Ngomhlala phantsi kufuneka

• Isicelo sokuxolelwa kwerhafu;
• Isitifiketi sePensheni;
• Ipasipoti;
• TIN (ukuba kukho);
• Amadokhumenti ngobunini bezothutho / indawo yokuhlala.

Emva kokuvavanya amaphepha, i-Federal Tax Service iya kukhulula umhlalaphantsi kwiirhafu. Ukuze utshintsho luqalise ukusebenza kunyaka wesicelo sommi, isicelo esibhaliweyo mazingeniswe ngaphambi koNovemba 1. Ngaphandle koko, irhafu iya kukhutshwa kwisithuba serhafu esilandelayo.

Ukukhutshwa

Qaphela kwakhona ukubhaliswa kweerhafu. Zinikezelwa kubo bonke abemi basebenzayo, abafaka i-13% yerhafu yengeniso yomntu kwi-treasury yombuso. Abahlawuli bemivuzo bafumana le nkxaso ngokuhambelana nemigaqo jikelele.

Bafanele bazise nabo:

• Isicelo sokuncitshiswa;
• Ikhadi loLwazi;
• Izatifikethi zokuhlala;
• Yenza incwadi yokurekhoda;
• Ulwazi malunga nomvuzo (ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo lwe-2-NDFL);
• Ukubuya kweerhafu;
• Izizathu zokufumana inqununu (isivumelwano somboleko, isivumelwano sokuthengisa kunye njalo);
• Iinkcukacha zeAkhawunti, apho uthumela imali.

Emva kokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kweso sicelo, abahlala phantsi bangalinda impendulo evela kwi-Federal Tax Service malunga nokubonelelwa kokuncitshiswa. Ukuba kwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, imali iya kuxelwa kwi-akhawunti malunga neenyanga ezi-1.5-2. Kucacile, luhlobo luni lweenzuzo zomhlala-phantsi onokuguga kwakhe.