A indlela ujiko iinkcukacha kusetyenziswa amanani. encoding binary

Kwinkqubo yophuhliso abantu sele ngokuyibona imfuneko yokulondoloza nokudlulisela kumgama okanye ezinye iinkcukacha. Kwimeko yokugqibela kwakufuneka ukuba akuguquki iimpawu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba encoding data. ulwazi Lombhalo, imizobo kunye Kanjalo uguqulwe ube amanani. Malunga indlela yokwenza oko, isixelela inqaku lethu.

Ukudluliselwa kolwazi umgama

Ukugqithisa umyalezo ukusuka umbhali lowo uthunyelwe (ukusuka kumthombo ukuya umamkeli), lo ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezintathu lweenkqubo transmission:

• iposi-post;
• yiacoustic (isi, nge isithethi);
• ngokusekelwe indlela ezonxibelelwano (ucingo, unomathotholo, enombala, relay microwave, satellite, ifayibha optical).

Avamise kakhulu ngalo mzuzu abo uhlobo yokugqibela lwenkqubo yothumelo. Noko ke, ukusebenzisa kwabo ifuna usebenziso lwakudala enye okanye enye indlela ikhowudi ulwazi. Ngenxa amanani kwi ubhalo eqhelekileyo wokugqibela womntu mihla ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu.

ufihlo

Ngamanye amaxesha umyalezo ofuna ukufihla umxholo abangabazi. Kulo mzekelo, kusetyenziswa encryption. Oku kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ujiko ulwazi ngokusebenzisa amanani.

ngenkqubo yokubhala inani Binary

Ekuqaleni kwexesha computer, izazinzulu babekhathazekile khangela isixhobo owawuza kuvumela nje ukumela amanani kwikhompyutha. Lo mba wasonjululwa xa Claude Shannon ecetywayo ukusebenzisa inkqubo njengenani eliphindwe kabini. Kuye kwaziwa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17 kwaye ezifunekayo kuphunyezo kwayo isixhobo kunye uthi ezimbini esitalini ehambelana anengqondo "1" okomqondo "0". Baye ke ngelo xesha ayesaziwa use - evela undoqo, nenokuthi kuba mhlawumbi magnetized okanye demagnetized, ukuze transistor enokuba ezivulekileyo okanye ivaliwe.

Izinto eziluncedo ze ngokwendlela yokunombola yokubini usetyenziswa lula izibalo ukuthi engenziwa kumanani amelweyo ubhalo yokubini.

Njengokuba oguqula ulwazi "rhoqo" ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze kungonakali computer kunye nokugcinwa

Computer code yokubini kuphunyezwa Nngokobuchwepheshe bubukho okanye ukungabikho la kwi izinto zokugcina ezincane. Ezi kungabandakanya:

1. pulses Photo-enombala. Umphezulu nawuphi disc enombala (DVD, CD, okanye BluRay) iquka uwele wabumba amacandelo amancinane. Ngamnye kubo ukukhanya okanye mnyama ngebala. Xa disc esijikelezayo kwi drive, umkhondo wayo Ukonakala igxile laser. ukubonakaliswa kwakhe iwela kwiseli elanga. Le yokugqibela kule meko ulwazi receiver. iindawo siba Bright ibonisa ukukhanya ukubudlulisela yeseli ilanga, kwakuba mnyama, phezu koko, ukufunxa ukukhanya. Ngenxa yoko, le photocell ifumana ulwazi ngokufihlisa xa umendo disc ezifana iindawo ezimnyama kunye nokukhanya.

2. I-mandla ngemagnethi. Ngoncedo lwabo, enkhowudwa ngayo inkcazelo kwi-hard drive, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi ipleyiti ejikelezayo ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko kunjalo disc woqondo, bonke ubuso - ephotheneyo, equka kulandelelwano amacandelo ezincinane mali eziliqela million. Ngamnye kubo apho ilungu iyakwazi ukufumana enye ithi ezimbini: ". Non-magnetized" "magnetized" okanye Bakha code yokubini kukho ulwazi oluthile. "Kungona", imeko element eziphathekayo yenziwa yi entloko eyodwa ezinambuzelayo kumphezulu ipleyiti.

3. amaza zombane. RAM i ikhompyutha chip entlantlu ezigidi iiseli ezincinane, "eqokelelwe" evela capacitors esasinokubonwa transistors. Ngamnye kubo ezinokuba kagesi okanye uncharged. Izayamaniso memory iiseli kuzo kwenye ngamazwe ezimbini, ibe ikhowudi yokubini. Kuzo zonke ezinye izixhobo ngokusekelwe memory iitshiphusi, ezifana flash drive, SSD-abathwali, njalo njalo., Le iinkcukacha zigcinwa ngendlela efanayo.

Usebenziso ngekhowudi umbhalo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye iindidi zedata Ukuguqulwa yokudluliswa kunye nokugcinwa ibhalwe ngokufihlisa. Isetyenziswa ukukhusela nxamnye kusebenziso olungavumelekanga. Ekuqaleni, lo ufihlo kunye neendlela zamandulo abangakumbi basebenzisa ulwazi ikhowudi zilandelayo:

• Esebenzisa Polybius sigcawu itafile ngawo ubhalwe ngendlela ethile oonobumba yonke zamaGrike. unobumba ngamnye womyalezo indawo ngu pair yamanani emele inani lwemihlathi kunye imikrozo.
• Esebenzisa Alberti disk ezibandakanya izangqa ezibini concentric. Ukuba amagalelo oonobumba kunye neenamba. Bamfaka ngalinye enye ngokuhambelana ngokuthi ojikelezayo adume ngazo.

Indlela yezi ikhowudi ulwazi kwi computer yemiyalezo isekelwe kwimigaqo efanayo. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo, umlinganiswa ngamnye alfabhethi uhambelana inombolo ethile. Emva koko iguqulelwe iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini. amasuntswana abasibhozo kwenza kube lula uku encoder abalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo 256. ngokwaneleyo yabo besenzela ukumela bonke oonobumba IsiNgesi kunye iilwimi IsiRussian, kuquka namagama aphezulu izibalo kunye neziphumlisi, kwakunye abanye abalinganiswa eziqhelekileyo ezizodwa.

Okwangoku akukho inkqubo ASCII esebenzayo. Kuba codebook yakhe 2 ezisisigxina. Kwezi, isiseko ichaza ixabiso ukusuka ku-0 ukuya 127, kwaye amanani eyandisiweyo bafanekiselwa 128 ukuya 255.

Njani na esephepheni of imifanekiso ezinombala kwi computer

Nawuphi na umfanekiso emnyama namhlophe eziprintiweyo ezingamaphepha phantsi khulu ivela njenge iseti amanqaku ezibizwa yeraster. Linear iququzelela kunye nokukhanya ngalinye luboniswe ngokwemigaqo integers. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikhowudi yokubini ingasetyenziswa rastirovaniya umfanekiso. A ngazo ngoku umfanekiso wokumelwa ezinombala eqhelekileyo indibanisela inani elikhulu lee-pixels with 256 ezinye obungwevu. Kuba ngamanani esephepheni njengokukhazimla nayiphi na kuzo zifuna inombolo bit ezisibhozo-yokubini.

Umelo imifanekiso umbala

A indlela ujiko ulwazi usebenzisa inani imifanekiso ezinjalo ophunyeziweyo ngake xaka ngakumbi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, pre-ezifunekayo, ngenxa wokuxuba yabo zobukhulu article uyakwazi ukufumana naluphi nombala waqonda esweni kwabantu umfanekiso yokubola zibe-3 imibala ezisisiseko (oluhlaza, obomvu, kunye noblowu). Le ndlela ikhowudi imifanekiso usebenzisa amanani bits 24 ekuthiwa RGB, okanye umbala ezipheleleyo (Umbala True).

Xa kuziwa yoshicilelo, isebenzisa inkqubo CMYK. Oku kusekelwe kwingcamango ngamnye ingxenye eyinhloko RGB nobudlelwane umbala zincedisana ukuba mhlophe. Ba oluhlaza, magenta kunye ebengezelayo. Nangona onele, ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko zokuprinta wongezelela icandelo yesine - emnyama. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba bamele nemizobo kwinkqubo CMYK ifuna 32 amanani zokubini, waza wabiza imo ngokupheleleyo-umbala.

ukumelwa izandi

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba ingaba kukho kule ndlela ujiko iinkcukacha kusetyenziswa amanani, impendulo kufuneka ibe nguewe. Noko ke, ngelo xesha izenzo ezinjalo azithathwa ogqibeleleyo. Ezi ziquka:

• FM indlela. Oku kusekelwe yokubola nayiphi isandi ezimbaxa zibe kulandelelwano lwemiqondiso otshangatshangiswayo eziziziqalelo ezitsho ezahlukeneyo zichazwe kwi khowudi.
• indlela Table-ngumtshangatshangiso. Ezi thebhile pre-yenzelwe agcinwe iisampulu - iisampuli izandi zezixhobo zomculo ezahlukeneyo. Amanani, ukuveza uhlobo lwesixhobo kunye inombolo, kwelizwi, ngamandla, kwaye ixesha isandi, njalo-njalo.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba encoding kabini - enye yeendlela ezininzi eqhelekileyo ngolwazi, nto leyo idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso zobugcisa computer.