Abbot: Ngubani na yena? nezigodlo ukulawula First

Abbot - indoda eyahlulelwe ngokupheleleyo kwinkonzo kaThixo kunye noluntu lwabo. Kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi yonke imithwalo kunye noxanduva kuwa ngemihlana yamankonyana yimonki, kufika kule ndawo. Noko ke, abazange bangethi amandla; ngokuba yonke imisebenzi yabo zenzelwe ukuba asindise imiphefumlo ezininzi - ndibakhuphe zobumnyama balo eli hlabathi ofayo.

Ngoko nje ngubani na umphathi woonongendi? Yintoni na imisebenzi yakhe? Yaye enkulu kangakanani na umahluko phakathi kubefundisi Orthodox ukholo yamaKatolika?

Ukubonakala nezigodlo yokuqala

Emva kokuba bebone uYesu enyukela ezulwini abalandeli bakhe saa kulo lonke elimiweyo kunye nomnqophiso single - ukuzisa ilizwi likaThixo. Wahamba, abasemagunyeni batshintsha ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu umoya endle, kwaye nalo sengqondo ngayo kumaKristu. Bagxothwa kusuka kuyo yonke indawo, kuba safunyanwa ezindwendwe zibekekileyo. Kodwa, ekugqibeleni, uninzi Europe iye yayiqwalasela imfundiso entsha, leyo ukuba amaKristu ukuba ashumayele ngaphandle koloyiko.

Noko ke, abaninzi abathembekileyo bexakaniseka ukonakala irreligion ababelawula imizi. Ngoko bagqiba yokuzishiya baphile kude kwisihlwele madding. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane IV, maxe- zokuqala zamaKristu wabonakala eYurophu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, isakhiwo eso efunekayo ukuze umntu ukuze uyilawule. Yaye akumangalisi kunye nenyaniso yokuba kukho loo njengosihlalo umphathi. Ekuqaleni, amaKatolika san babenxiba igama elahlukileyo (Abbot), yaye uzinikele kulo Pope okanye ngubhishophu. Kuba okokuqala oku kwenzeka ngo malunga ngenkulungwane VI.

nezigodlo yamaKatolika

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, indima yoonongendi kwihlabathi yamaKatolika itshintshe kakhulu. Ukususela yokuhlala eliqhelekileyo lendela, baba iiyunithi ebalulekileyo yezolawulo. Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba umphathi wayengakwazi onke amazwe ababe yinxalenye yelifa lakhe. amandla Oko ke iye yaba umona amalungu amaninzi yezikhulu zasekuhlaleni, yaye ngoko ke benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze uhlale phantsi yabo.

ngokuhlwa kufikile kangangokuba usapho yasebukhosini ngokwabo lokonyula abbots. Ngokukodwa, lo mkhuba le ndawo ukuba ibe ebudeni bolawulo ubukhosi VII Carolingian X kwinkulungwane. Noko ke, kule minyaka, yamaKatolika iCawa abe namandla, nto leyo ukuba ukuphinda-lokonyula abbots ngokwengqiqo yabo.

Le umphathi woonongendi in Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus 988 nyaka ube mkhulu - kwakunjalo ngoko ukuba Prince Vladimir kwabhaptizwa abantu bakhe. godlo yokuqala waba ikhusi emva kwiminyaka embalwa wabonakala kubo bonke abo babefuna ukuba azinikele kuThixo.

Yintoni umahluko woonongendi e Kievan Rus evela koogxa babo Catholic Church? Inqaku lokuqala: Orthodox Hlela abolekwe Byzantium, akazange anikezele ubukho kwemiyalelo nkqubo kunye maqhawe angcwele. iimonki Russian amakholwa ezilula, aphile ubomi obungqongqo.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi uphambili umphathi woonongendi yaba ukugcina imeko lwempatho kunye nezo zinto le weemonki. Oko kukuthi, ngengqiqo yokomoya, wabukela lendela ukwenza imisebenzi yabo (ukuba bazilile okanye imfihlelo umthandazo), njalo njalo. Ngokumalunga kwicala eziphathekayo lo mbuzo, umphathi kwafuneka ukugcina umkhondo iindleko, esweni imeko izakhiwo, izinto lelonani, kwaye thethana ngoncedo lecawa okanye umthetheli weengingqi ngokwemfuneko, ukuba kuyimfuneko.

sabaphathi Modern ku nezigodlo obudala

Nangona ukususela isiseko yokuqala weemonki kwenzeka kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, indima yabo imfundo yokomoya abathembekileyo kuhlala ingaguqukanga. ke bekuya kuba zifaneleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngubani na Umphathi woonongendi Orthodox namhlanje.

Ke kaloku ababingeleli elawula etempileni okanye eMonastri, ebizwa abbots. Le isidima obekekileyo kakhulu, kwaye zifumaneka kuphela ngemvume umfundisi ophakamileyo, ulawulo yosisi apho weemonki bobabo. Ukuba umphathi ukuseka ngokwalo njenge gosa kwaye ubonise ukholo lwabo, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha babeza amnike isihloko ephakamileyo - Archimandrite.

Kodwa ke umphathi woonongendi ibe ngumbingeleli onesikhundla esiphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ngowakhe control rhoqo lixhomekeke emagxeni Ekulawuleni yosisi okanye usolusapho. Umzekelo, Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra iphantsi ngabalondolozi svyaschennoarhimandritom uCyril.

Imisebenzi ye Abbot

Namhlanje noxanduva woonongendi, kwakunye kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, abantu ngokubanzi. Ilale iingxaki yokomoya eziphathekayo kweentlawulo zakhe. Ingakumbi, le umphathi na le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• uqhuba lokukhula yimonki;
• Olu hlobo lokuhlola ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ebekwe phantsi etempileni;
• ilawula ubomi iimonki - zithunyelwa emsebenzini, sifunda indlela leNzila, elandela enyulu, njalo-njalo;
• kubangela ububingeleli etempileni yakhe;
• ujongene nemiba yomthetho (izivumelwano ukusayina, ukuhlawula amatyala, ukugcina ukushicilelwa etempileni);
• amisele ithe kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo ezifunekayo monastery.

Ngasekupheleni kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi eyenziwa yi umphathi Monastery, zahluke kancinane kwezo ziyakuhlawulwa yile loonongendi yolawulo. Ngokukodwa, i-kuMama Owayephethe singàphunyezwa izithethe ezingcwele, njengoko elukholweni lamaKristu, kuba umfazi na ngumbingeleli.