Aleksandr Mihaylovich Gerasimov, imifanekiso artist, biography

Ubomi womzobi asikwazi isongwe kamnandi, nangona ngaphandle zonke kulungile. A ongumyeni isoloko ukhangela kwaye kuthetha zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa, kunye namabali eziya kuchaphazela abantu, waphethulela ingqalelo yakhe umfanekiso wakhe.

Adolescence nolutsha

Alexander Gerasimov wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane Kozlov kwiphondo Tambov ngo-1881. Kuye, ekhayeni lakhe encinane, uya kubuya kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, ukuthatha ikhefu ukusuka exakekile kwikomkhulu kusingise amandla amatsha, amava. Kwaye xa ekhula ulutsha unesiphiwo ukufunda ukupeyinta eMoscow. ootitshala yakhe K. Korovin, A. E. Arhipov, V. A. Serov, iinkosi zokwenene, usebenza siyazingca lweZwekazi looMawokhulu. Etyudnaya brushwork ebanzi, umbala Abazizityebi ezendeleyo inkosi basandula kuqalisa ukuzisebenzisa. Ngoko ekhula Gerasimov artist, wabagagamela ubuchule bamandulo mihla.

Xa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Gerasimova wawuqokelela, kunye neminyaka emibini wachitha ngaphambili. Wayesazi umthwalo empini, xa indoda, xa amazwi Sholokhov, yentwala luzidla luzigqibe ithambo.

Imbuyekezo kunye lokuhamba ukuya eyinkunzi

Ngowe-1918, Gerasimov ubuyela lweenkobe Kozlov wakhe kwaye sebenza it decorator iminyaka eliqela. Ngowe-1925 yena kwakhona eze kwikomkhulu. In AHRR Association njenge opeyintayo uzifumanisa Gerasimov. Ngoku umculi kudibanisa imixholo zopolitiko eSoviet kunye nesimbo yemveli oonobumba ezintle. Wamitha nezibhaliweyo umsebenzi omninzi "uLenin eqongeni." Angawufumani i intlokoma kwiintliziyo zabantu abalahlekelwe inkokeli yabo iminyaka kutshanje amane eyadlulayo, ogama intlungu usahleli. Kodwa ngoku babona Vladimira Ilicha kwisiqalo yenarha ezibomvu, apho laphalazwayo igazi labo kwiMfazwe Civil, ngamandla ubiza phambili ... Imovie izele evutha ngumoya inguqu kunye namandla ebhaliweyo iyaqondakala, ulwimi ezizicaceleyo womzobo.

portraitist

Kwangaxeshanye, nguye unjingalwazi School of Memory 1905. Gerasimov yaba ukukwazi ukuqonda umfanekiso ngokufana. Ngoko yena kwanobo ibekwe njengesipho portraitist. Kwaba kwi 30 kakhulu kwi umzobi uba ukupeyinta umzobo. Kuye portraits ngamnye kunye neqela. Yena busebenza eni abadumile abadlali ozithandayo, abahloli. Group umzobo "Calvary Army" wamkela Prix Grand e mboniso e Paris.

impilo Public

Igcisa "wavula umnyango" endaweni yakhe, yaye umlambo zayo zembutho owawuphuma kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu. Akukho umcimbi ochaphazela lizwe, ngumzobi ayilwamkeli - kuyo yonke siyohlala. Ngelo efanayo ixesha wongezelela umsebenzi wezolawulo: Gerasimov wayengomnye iinkokheli nonobhala i-Union of Artists Soviet. Nangona yokungabikho kwexesha kwimizobo bakhe baqalisa ukuba abonakale ngakumbi yaye kuya kusanda ngokwanda abantu okokuqala kwexesha lemo. Ngabom okanye hayi, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe zithathwa eyabangumzekelo indlela yokubhala. Gerasimov artist uba portraitist oluthandayo Stalin. Oku umzobo kukaStalin ngomhla we-17 Congress of the CPSU (b) ngo-1934. Sasisengumqabaqaba I. V. Stalin ufunda le ngxelo, ebiza inkxaso lonke eholweni. shades ezahlukeneyo mdaka, mbongi yegolide ukudlala, musa hlanganisa, kodwa anike ubuzaza nondiliseko mzuzu. Le yi esemthethweni "imikhosi" mfanekiso. banye, "ekhaya" umfanekiso I. V. Stalina kunye A. M. Gorkogo e Gorky, wabhala ngo-1939. nomoya ezimnandi zokuba kwi veranda kunye ucoco kusasa ngazo ihlamvu emantloko imithi ezingqongileyo. zibona zakhe ubaxo - on nonyeliso oqingqiweyo, phezu yetafula, ngomhla iingubo abantu ababini uncokola cwaka. Yonke izele elula kunye nenzolo. Uxolo Noxolo igxininisa ngokuzolileyo ilale phantsi le nja. Wayenobuchule betha le meko wayesamkela Gerasimov. Le artist akazange azisole imibala eqaqambileyo, adala indawo elimangalisayo evumelanayo.

A August yokuphefumlela

Le ukupeyinta, eyabhalwa Gerasimov, "Emva Rain", ilula, kulula kwaye enkondlo. Yinto nje oluphezu kweveranda kunye negadi emva kwayo: lichotshelwe kunye bedrail, itafile ifomu ezimise ngemilenze oqingqiweyo. Volume bamphathele asejagini iglasi, awazibhukuqayo iglasi - yonke into ezalekwe kwaye shimmers kunye imibala bevuya, mbongi post-ilanga kwiishawara. kwamabala amanzi nezohlukeneyo ihlanjwe egadini imvula. Kusetyenziswe zonke nombala oluhlaza. Flickers kwegqabi ngalinye, abasa yi indlela ezikhanyayo kwicala umva. Kakhulu amasebe kruthu, kufutshane kakhulu evarandeni, lumalunga kuzoba shazi. Le izadunge phantsi kubonakala isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Yonke indawo, kwisifundo ngasinye, Ubukhali perile emvula. Urhulumente ngokukhethekileyo amathayara, nobunyulu kufikelelwe artist, esebenzisa mbongi, ezishiya ngasemva kunye kwamahlamvu eluhlaza pink kunye isipha ezimhlophe kwindawo emnyama omanzi kwetafile. Ukukhanya nasethunzini zinxulumene, kodwa umthunzi senziwe shades ezininzi, ngoko, kakhulu, ukhanya kunye shimmers, umkholise look. Ukukhanya umthombo umbukeli ubona. Isibane esichitha-chithwe kwelanga - ethile ngaphaya imithi, amatyholo. Yena soft, kodwa ukuze bagcakamele ilanga setting zasehlotyeni kanjani kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokutsho ngawabo, emva kokuba isiphango zasehlotyeni Gerasimov ( "Emva Rain" - enye ngemizobo yakhe edumileyo), okunoneleyo koko wakubonayo, kwaoko ndayithabatha ipeyinti palette kwaye nakuzo, andifuni phezulu, sitsala landscape emangalisayo. Kodwa ukuba akwazi ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kangaka efanelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba indlela ende kwaye kunzima kakhulu nokupeyinta. Ekuphela Isizathu sokuba umzobi wakwazi ukuveza olwenu iimvakalelo zakhe, nto leyo ushiya akekho ngabandayo, unokwazisa abaphulaphuli amandla amathayara. Kamva, inkosi ukhumbula ulangazelelo lwakhe, namonde xa yena wayesebenza phezu ubuhle. Ngoko ke umsebenzi liyinyaniso kwaye zobubi zonke iinkcukacha. Kuye Ndinibonisile e Paris, kwaye opeyintayo ifumene i-Grand Prix (Grand Prix). Oku akuthethi luck random, yaye isiphumo ngumsebenzi omkhulu ixesha elide ngenxa bonke ubomi. Oku adjoined portrait usapho, wadala kunyaka ongaphambili. Endlwini kayise efanayo namhlanje eshushu ehlotyeni Kozlov yonke intsapho wahlanganisa Gerasimov. Kwaba apha, hayi ukufudukela elikomkhulu, ngokusisigxina Zihlala kufutshane umculi. Umpeyinti serenely yokuphumula emva komsebenzi nzima entsatsheni. Yena elungiselela umsebenzi oluzayo umngeni omkhulu. I web uyakhanyiseleka, uxolo nemvisiswano.

Lo mboniso - isiganeko enkulu kubomi wegcisa

Kwangaxesha nye, ngakumbi ngqo, ngowe-1936, igcisa ushwankathelwa imisebenzi yakhe, eyathatha ikota yenkulungwane waba show eMoscow, apho imisebenzi malunga nekhulu zanikezelwa. Ezi imizobo kunye nemisebenzi graphic.

enye umfanekiso

Kungekudala emva koko, oko kuya kubhalwa "Umfanekiso a webhaleyi O. V. Lepeshinskaya" ngo-1939. Le artist ifumana ngumdanisi kukhokela emva kokuba efudumeleyo-up, akusekho kwi kwibhentshi. In yemveli Tutu emi phezu Pointe, kube ulungele ukubhabha aze aqhubeke umdaniso. ayemi abanekratshi, sijike amagxa, uncumo olungephi - bonke effervescent uphawu ukucaphuka le ngumdanisi, ingumthi onamandla kunye uthsintsho, leyo wamzalela kule ndawo. Inspiration nothando lo msebenzi, nto leyo kwenzeka webhaleyi prima, njengoko kuboniswe yi wegcisa kulo mfanekiso. Olga wayengomnye nabadanisi kakhulu ethandwa I. V. Stalina, ngokuba 'uhlabamanzi. "Kuye

impi

Kule minyaka enzima yemfazwe, inkosi iyaqhubeka ukusebenza nokudlulisa imali yabo kwi Defense Fund. Ngoku uhlobo yeMbali eyayikuyo igcisa ngokuya. Yena kudala eni of the amaqhawe IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Kweli xesha wabhala "Group Portrait yala magcisa Soviet endala Pavlova N., Baksheeva VN, Byalyanitskogo Birulya-VK, Meshkova V. N.," apho bawongwa ngeMbasa Stalin ngowe-1946. Ukuqwalasela oko nempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa esihle siye AM Gerasimov, yena wawongwa kwisihloko Artist Abantu ngayo USSR. Njengoko ngokunjalo ukusebenza kwi imizobo luzayo eyayinikelwe kwinkomfa lweentloko kwamagunya ezintathu ezinkulu e Tehran. Ngoko waphinda wabonisa uhlobo yezembali umculi. Ngelaphu kwagxila kunye imilo, kwaye abalinganiswa abantu abathathe inxaxheba kulo.

academician

Emva kwemfazwe, ngowe-1947, yena wonyulwa ngumongameli wokuqala USSR Academy of Arts. A indima enkulu kolu lonyulo wayedlala umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Voroshilov. Kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, ezalisekisa esi sikhundla, Gerasimov ngamandla balwa nxamnye Amagcisa wabonakala sunguleni, okanye nje Impressionism. art angcakacileyo i-West, waziva yayintsha indoda eSoviet. Ngexesha le minyaka udala epheleleyo komthendeleko nobukhazikhazi ngelaphu osihloko sithi "Kukho komhlaba!" Xa iziko eqongeni - I. V. Stalin. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, likwaqwalasela otsaleleke akayiyo inkokheli, kungekhona nabathunywa eholweni, kunye neendawo ezintlanu ezinkulu. kubonakala yonke into ibe encinane ingenamsebenzi.

on ngowaphi

amandla creative Omkhulu kunye umthamo omkhulu umsebenzi umzobi lilawula, xa efika kowabo. Apha wabhala kusekho lifes, ubume, ebonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo. Ukukhunjulwa minyaka komsebenzi kunye nokufunda kwi- uKonstantin Korovin igalelo kwezi canvases. "Ingoma i Starling '- umsebenzi acocekileyo ngaphandle bokubanga, lyrically ebonisa ubuhle yokuvusa bendalo. Kunjalo Life "Noon. imvula Ukuncoma "ubonisa indlela ulangazelelo kakuhle kweli phepha. Kuyo, anokuyisebenzisa zonke ubuchule bazama evavanyiweyo endaweni umbala ndidikwe omdaka-inki ebomvu oluhlaza obhityileyo purplish, bonisa emvula lisihla iglasi, siphefumle umoya ococekileyo, ezele ukufuma. Oku - ubomi obubonakala ngamnye. Oku - Gerasimov, umfanekiso wakhe imizobo bakude nezikhulu, kodwa ezele amaphupha kunye nemibongo, sibe nemihlali.

zobuntu

Apha axwile elinye icala yobuntu bakhe. Ngapha koko, kubomi bemihla ngemihla Gerasimov waba mnene, indoda lobuhlobo. ngamagcisa aselula isiphakamiso yayingekokufumana isihloko, imali nodumo. Ukuze umntu, Kubafanele oko, baya kuza ngokwakho emva komsebenzi elide kuyilo kunye nombala. Wayekholelwa ukuba wegcisa akakwazi ungalahli ithemba.

ihlazo

Emva I. V. Stalina ukufa impembelelo Gerasimov waqalisa ukunciphisa. Ke yena kubonakala zatshintsha. Yaba ngathi lilifa ezincinane, ebhityile. amehlo ezikrelekrele bematshekile. Kodwa kakade ngeminyaka yakhe. igcisa ngehlazo ngexesha i Khrushchev "nobudlelwane" kwathathwa njengento eziphelelwe lixesha.

impilo iyaqhubeka

Nangona kunjalo, i Gerasimov zinkuni akazange acinge ngokwakhe. Wayesazi ukuba umfanekiso sanikwa isakhono esikhulu nguThixo. Kwaye oko ngokwenene. into Kuphela amanxuwa italente yakho? Kwafuneka, ukuze usinde, ukuba alalanise umkhonze abo ngamandla. Apha - entle umgca phakathi iitalente abalawuli sikhonza kunye. Njani ukuba sehla kuyo? Njani ukuba aye umgca ongabonakaliyo? Le yimibuzo ngonaphakade artist nganye, nokuba ikuluphi endle nto ayizange isebenze. Phambi Umculi Orpheus yaba umbuzo wenu lowo uya kukhonza - eliqaqambileyo, ecacileyo, ivumelane uFibhi kunye ebumnyameni, ovuthuzayo, yimincili yayinguDionysus. Ngoko ukususela kumaxesha amandulo lo mbuzo isigqibo ngokwabo wonke umntu. Gerasimov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (artist) wazinikela impendulo, ubuncinane de kube sekupheleni kunye madolw 'anzima.

Le ubumbaxa wegcisa

mbali art elizayo, ngokuthelekisa imifanekiso emibini Gerasimov, ngubani na kwi State Tretyakov Gallery, kunokubonwa kula italente lixesha kwaye ugxeka lomculi eni olusesikweni iinkokeli Soviet. Xa sijonga namhlanje ebhaliweyo kakuhle zonke iinkcukacha umsebenzi kwesithethe ka Franz Ksavera Vinterhaltera okanye D. G. Levitskogo kunye V. L. Borovikovskogo kwaye ndibathathe ngokukhuselekileyo - kanye njengoko imisebenzi yobugcisa.

Yintoni le Homeland artist

Sokuzimisela ngenxa iLizwe loobawo, ukususela 1941, AM Gerasimov waphathwa ngobubele ngabasemagunyeni. Amabhaso ibhingo esichothweni nje phantsi phezu kwakhe. Yena - Artist Abantu waseUSSR, uye Stalin Amabhaso ezine, uMyalelo Lenin, i-Order of Red Banner lezaBasebenzi.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ngokungakhathali ubomi creator wahamba igama elula Gerasimov. Le artist, ogama engobomi na kufikwa kwaye luyathandabuzeka kwaye, kakade, ziphawulwe ngokuthi italente, wafa xa wayeneminyaka engama-82 ubudala.